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1.
To characterize the formation of silica spicules, the dynamics of spiculogenesis of an intertidal marine sponge Hymeniacidon perlevis (Montagu 1818) (Porifera: Demospongiae) were investigated by measuring the gene expression of silicatein (the enzyme responsible for spicule silicification) and the dimensional changes of spicules during the developmental process of individual sponges and in cell cultures of primmorphs of archaeocyte-dominant cell populations. The different developmental stages of spicules were documented by time-lapse microscopy and observed by transmission electron microscopy during a 1-month culture period. During its annual life cycle, H. perlevis has four different developmental stages: dormancy, resuscitation, bloom, and decline. Field-grown individual sponge samples at different stages were collected over 7 months (March to September 2005). The dimensions of the silica spicules from these samples were microscopically measured and statistically analyzed. This analysis and the material properties of the spicules allowed them to be classified into four groups representing the different developmental stages of spiculogenesis. Silicatein expression in the bloom stage was more than 100 times higher than that in the other stages and was correlated with the spicule developmental stage. The trend of spicule formation in field-grown sponges was consistent with the trend in cell culture. A new parameter, the maturation degree (MD) of spicules (defined as the ratio of actual to theoretical silica deposition of mature spicules), was introduced to quantify spicule development. Silica spiculogenesis during H. perlevis development was delineated by comparing MD and silicatein expression. 相似文献
2.
This study aims to test the feasibility of introducing functional chemical groups into biogenic silica spicules by examining the effect of supplementing a silican coupler [3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]urea (3-TMOSPU) as silica source in the cultures of archaeocytes-dominant-cell-population (ADCP) primmorphs and explants of the marine sponge Hymeniacidon perleve. Analysis by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) confirmed that the organic group in 3-TMOSPU was introduced into silica spicules. By comparing ADCP-primmorph cultures when supplemented with Na2SiO3, 3-TMOSPU supplementation showed no notable effect on the primmorphs development and cell locomotion behaviors. A decline in silicatein expression quantified by real-time RT-PCR was, however, observed during spiculogenesis. The decline was slower for the 3-TMOSPU group whereas significantly fewer spicules were formed. When sponge papillae explants were cultured, 3-TMOSPU supplementation had no negative effect on sponge growth but inhibited the growth biofouling of the diatom Nitzschia closterium. By monitoring the detectable Si concentration, it seemed that 3-TMOSPU was converted by the sponge and its conversion was related to spiculogenesis. Analysis of spicule dimensional changes indicated that the inhibition of spiculogenesis by 3-TMOSPU supplementation was less in ADCP-primmorphs culture due to lower 3-TMOSPU/detectable Si ratio in the media. 相似文献
3.
Mehmet Nuri Nas Leyla Gokbunar Nevzat Sevgin Murat Aydemir Merve Dagli Zahide Susluoglu 《Plant Growth Regulation》2012,67(1):57-63
The effects of culture media and cytokinin types on micropropagation of mature Crataegus aronia L. were investigated. Using single-axillary bud explants, the growth of cultures on MS, WPM, DKW and NRM containing 4.44 μM
benzyladenine (BA) plus 0.05 μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), and on NRM containing thidiazuron, meta-Topolin (mT) or BA at
1.25, 2.5, 5.0 or 7.5 μM plus 0.05 μM IBA were compared. The culture medium had significant effects on shoot number and length.
In comparison with MS, DKW and WPM, shoot production was greater on NRM (5.7 shoots per explant). Shoot production on MS,
DKW and WPM (4.2, 4.2 and 4.1, respectively) were statistically similar to each other. Thidiazuron was detrimental to shoot
formation and caused formation of rosette shoots and/or large callus to form on explants. In the presence of mT, only some
of the explants developed into shoots. Benzyladenine was the only cytokinin that promoted both shoot proliferation and shoot
elongation. Higher shoot numbers were obtained at 5.0 and 7.5 μM BA compared to lower concentrations of BA. Over 80% of microshoots
rooted and rooted shoots were successfully acclimatized to ex vitro conditions. 相似文献
4.
Rafael Valim Reis Ana Paula Patrão Luis Borges Talita Perez Cantuaria Chierrito Eliezer Rodrigues de Souto Lauro Mera de Souza Marcello Iacomini Arildo José Braz de Oliveira Regina Aparecida Correia Gonçalves 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2011,106(2):329-335
Cultures of adventitious roots of Stevia rebaudiana (Bert.) Bertoni were performed in a roller bottle system for the production of both primary and secondary metabolites. Adventitious
roots were induced from 1-cm-long root tip explants derived from in vitro regenerated plantlets on solid Murashige and Skoog
(MS 1962) media supplemented with 10.7 μM of α-naphthaleneacetic acid. These cultures were successfully maintained in the
same medium for 6 months with regular subcultures after 4 weeks. Thereafter, the roots were cut into 1.0- to 1.5-cm-long segments
and transferred to the roller bottle system containing a fresh root tissue culture on liquid MS medium supplemented with 10.7 μM
NAA. The apparatus consisted of a flask rolling system adjusted to 4g, and 3° of flask inclination. The roots were allowed to grow in the absence of light for adaptation and adventitious root
formation. The best conditions for cultivation were investigated, considering culture volume (25 ml), culture period (4 weeks),
salt concentrations in the nutrient medium (33%) and optimal initial inoculum (0.2 g) of S. rebaudiana roots. These results could give important information on how to improve the development of adventitious roots of S. rebaudiana for the production of primary and secondary metabolites. 相似文献
5.
Varsha Shriram Vinay Kumar Mahadeo G. Shitole 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2008,44(3):186-193
Abstract
Helicteres isora is a medicinal plant effective against asthma, diabetes, hypolipidemia, HIV, polio besides a good source of diosgenin. Seed
dormancy and low natural fruit production rate make this plant a perfect candidate for developing an in vitro regeneration
method. However, to date, no such work has been procured in this plant. An efficient method for plant regeneration via shoot
organogenesis from callus cultures has been developed using nodal explants in H. isora. Murashige and Skoog (MS) media counting 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D, 2.26 to 13.57 μM), Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA,
2.85 to 17.13 μM), Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA, 2.46 to 14.70 μM), 6-Benzylaminopurine (BA, 2.22 to 13.32 μM) and Kinetin (Kin,
2.32 to 13.92 μM) either singly or in the following combinations (IAA + BA; IAA + Kin, and BA + Kin) produced granular callus
except BA + Kin which resulted in compact, hard, greenish-white (CHGW) callus. The optimum CHGW callus (2.62 g fresh weight/
explant) was produced on MS media with 13.32 μM BA + 2.32 μM Kin with over 93% callus induction frequency. Optimum shoot organogenesis
(67% frequency) was achieved in CHGW callus with lower level of BA (2.22 μM) and Kin (2.32 μM) and produced 3.2 shoots/0.5 g
callus within 35 d of culture. Microshoots were rooted successfully (62% frequency) after 35 d of culture on 1/2MS containing
4.90 μM IBA and hardened off. Antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, and biochemical parameters
viz. hydrogen peroxide, reducing and nonreducing sugars, starch, proteins, phenols, and proline contents were studied in regenerating
and nonregenerating CHGW calluses to establish a correlation between these parameters and shoot morphogenesis. All the enzyme
activities and biochemical parameters were found more in regenerating callus than in nonregenerating except phenols. 相似文献
6.
M. E. Estrada-Zúñiga F. Cruz-Sosa M. Rodríguez-Monroy J. R. Verde-Calvo E. J. Vernon-Carter 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2009,97(1):39-47
Plant tissue cultures represent a potential source for producing secondary metabolites. In this work, Buddleja cordata tissue cultures were established in order to produce phenylpropanoids (verbascoside, linarin and hydroxycinnamic acids),
as these metabolites are credited with therapeutic properties. Highest callus induction (76.4–84.3%) was obtained in five
treatments containing 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d: 0.45–9.05 μM) with Kinetin (KIN: 2.32, 4.65 μM), whereas highest root induction (79.6%) corresponded to the α-Naphthaleneacetic
acid (9.05 μM) with KIN (2.32 μM) treatment. Verbascoside was the major phenylpropanoid produced in in vitro cultures (root,
white and green callus) [66.24–86.26 mg g−1 dry weight (DW)], while linarin and hydroxycinnamic acid production was low (0.95–3.01 mg g−1 DW). Verbascoside and linarin production were improved in cell suspension culture (116 mg g−1 DW and 8.12 mg g−1 DW, respectively). 相似文献
7.
Anupama Razdan Maharaj Krishen Razdan Manchikatla Venkat Rajam Soom Nath Raina 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2008,95(2):245-250
Production of haploid plants has been restricted to only a few ornamental species. In this paper an efficient anther culture
protocol has been devised for production of haploid plants of Phlox drummondii, a garden ornamental. Anthers with microspores at early- to late-uninucleate stages were inoculated on MS (Murashige and
Skoog, Physiol Plant 15:473–479, 1962) basal medium containing 9% sucrose, 10 μM 2,4-D + 5 μM BA in the dark for callus induction.
The callus (~2 mm) was transferred to MS medium containing 3% sucrose + 10 μM BA + 5 μM NAA under a 16 h photoperiod for multiplication.
Anther-derived callus showed the greatest shoot differentiation (60% with greater than 3 shoots per culture) at 13 weeks after
culture initiation when maintained on MS medium supplemented with 3% sucrose and cytokinin (7.5 μM BA). At 68 weeks, only
4.6% of cultures differentiated with less than one shoot per callus. Anther-derived shoots rooted readily on MS medium containing
7.5 μM IAA. Of 60 plants that regenerated from anther callus, 50% were haploid, 30% diploid, and 20% aneuploid. Developed
protocol could be useful for the haploid induction of outcrossing ornamental plants for production of their homozygous double
haploids. 相似文献
8.
Bramanti V Campisi A Tomassoni D Li Volti G Caccamo D Cannavò G Currò M Raciti G Napoli M Ientile R Vanella A Amenta F Avola R 《Neurochemical research》2008,33(12):2601-2608
Effects of acetylcholine and of the cholinergic precursors choline, cytidine 5′-diphosphocholine (CDP-choline) and α-glyceril-phosphorylcholine
(α-GPC) on transglutaminase (TG) and cyclin D1 expression were studied in primary astrocyte cultures by confocal laser microscopy
(CLSM) with monodansyl-cadaverine uptake as a marker of enzyme activity and by immunochemistry (Western blotting). CLSM analysis
showed an increased cytofluorescence in 0.1 μM choline-treated astrocytes. Treatment with CDP-choline dose-dependently increased
TG. A total of 1 μM CDP-choline exposure in 14 days in vitro (DIV) astrocyte cultures increased cytofluorescence. A total
of 1 μM α-GPC 24 h-treated cultures revealed increased cytofluorescence both in cytosol and nuclei. Western blot analysis
showed an increased TG expression in cultures exposed for 24 h to 1 μM choline or α-GPC, whereas in 24 h 1 μM CDP-choline
and acetylcholine-treated astrocytes TG expression was unaffected. Treatment with 1 μM acetylcholine reduced TG expression
at 21 DIV. In cultures at 14 and 35 DIV cholinergic precursor treatment for 24 h induced a marked down-regulation of cyclin
D1 expression, with reduced cyclin D1 expression in 1 μM α-GPC treated astrocytes. Our data suggest a role of cholinergic
precursors investigated independent from acetylcholine on maturation and differentiation of astroglial cells in vitro, rather
than on their growth, proliferation and development in culture.
Special issue article in honor of Dr. Anna Maria Giuffrida-Stella. 相似文献
9.
Callus cultures from nodal and leaf explants of Phyllanthus amarus were established on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with various combinations of auxins and cytokinins. The leaf-derived
callus induced on 2.26 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) + 2.32 μM Kinetin (Kin) upon transfer to medium containing
thidiazuron (TDZ) exhibited higher shoot regeneration (32.4 ± 1.3 shoots per culture). Four-week-old shoots rooted readily
on 1.5 μM Indol acetic acid (IAA)-containing medium and were successfully acclimatized with 98% survival. The lignans, Phyllanthin
(PH) and Hypohyllanthin (HPH), of leaf extracts from naturally grown plants were identified by using TLC, HPLC and H1-NMR.
The PH and HPH production in the regenerated shoots was compared to their production in callus cultures, plants under field
conditions and in naturally grown plants. The regenerated shoots on MS + 2.27 μM TDZ produced about two times higher PH and
HPH than the leaves of naturally grown plant. The present study provides a useful system for further studies on in vitro morphogenesis,
elicitor-assisted production of PH and HPH and A. rhizogenes-mediated genetic transformation in Phyllanthus amarus. 相似文献
10.
B. Vinterhalter J. Savić J. Platiša M. Raspor S. Ninković N. Mitić D. Vinterhalter 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2008,94(3):299-303
Shoot cultures of nickel hyperaccumulating Alyssum murale were established from epicotyl explants of seedlings aseptically germinated on hormone-free MS medium. They were further
maintained on media with 0–0.92 μM kinetin. Optimal shoot multiplication was at 0.46 μM kinetin. Inoculation by shoot wounding
was performed with overnight suspension of A. rhizogenes A4M70GUS which contains GUS gene cointegrated in pRiA4. After 30 days hairy roots were produced at the wounding site in 31
explant (25% out of 124). Hairy roots were excised and further propagated on hormone-free medium as separate clones. In the
first passage clones 3 and 6 could be distinguished by fast growth and spontaneous shoot regeneration. In other clones (12,
23 and 25) shoot regeneration required presence of cytokinins. The five shoot culture clones regenerated from hairy roots
were further cultured on media with 0.46 μM kinetin. These shoots were characterized by good elongation and lateral shoot
branching, short internodes, minute slightly curled leaves and well developed plagiotropic root system spreading over the
surface of media. Thus all plants regenerated from hairy root cultures manifested the characteristic Ri syndrome phenotype.
They all had a strong positive GUS reaction. PCR analysis confirmed presence of uidA sequence from the gus construct. They were also tolerant to nickel accumulating up to 24,700 μg g−1 dry weight. 相似文献
11.
Furmanowa Miroslawa Glowniak Kazimierz Syklowska-Baranek Katarzyna Zgórka Grazyna Józefczyk Aleksandra 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1997,49(1):75-79
We have analysed the effect of some culture conditions and media components on callus growth rate and production of taxanes
in callus of Taxus × media var. Hatfieldii. For callus induction and maintenance a Gamborg B5 medium and a White - Rangaswamy
medium (WR) with different modifications were used. On an improved WR medium (containing 10 μM picloram) the callus growth
factor increased up to 5.8 fold (fresh weight). Picloram only enhanced the growth of callus, but not taxane production. On
WR medium with (100 μM) methyl jasmonate the paclitaxel content increased from 2.37 μg g-1 to 90 μg g-1 and cephalomannine
from 5.14 μg g-1 to 29.14 μg g-1 (dry weight), whereas growth of the cultures ceased. The presence of paclitaxel and cephalomannine
was established by high performance liquid chromatography.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
12.
Simões-Gurgel Claudia Cordeiro Lívia da Silva de Castro Tatiana Carvalho Callado Cátia Henriques Albarello Norma Mansur Elisabeth 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2011,106(3):537-545
The effects of different levels of Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), and sucrose
on anthocyanin production and biomass accumulation of cell suspension cultures of Cleome rosea were investigated. Cultures were established in liquid MS medium containing 30 g l−1 sucrose and supplemented with 0.90 μM 2,4-D. Proliferating cell suspension cultures achieved the highest growth capacity,
a fourfold increase in biomass accumulation, following subculture at the exponential growth phase, 14–18 days of culture.
Moreover, the presence of 2,4-D was essential for anthocyanin production and biomass accumulation. On the other hand, increasing
levels of sucrose above 30 g l−1 resulted in a drastic reduction in biomass accumulation. Anthocyanin production was highest in cell suspension cultures grown
on half-strength MS medium (1/2 MS), 30 g l−1 sucrose, and 0.45 μM 2,4-D. These cell suspension cultures were mainly composed of small aggregates of spherical cells with
similar morphology observed in anthocyanin-producing and non-producing cultures. Moreover, microscopic analysis of anthocyanin-producing
cultures showed the presence of mixtures of non-pigmented, low-pigmented, and high-pigmented cells. 相似文献
13.
The growth of black walnut shoot cultures was compared on media differing in nutrient formulation (MS, DKW, WPM, and 1/2X
DKW), cytokinin type (ZEA, BA, and TDZ), and cytokinin concentration. On WPM and 1/2X DKW media, hyperhydricity was observed
at frequencies of 60–100% compared with frequencies of 10–40% on the high-salt media (DKW and MS). All three cytokinins facilitated
shoot regeneration from nodal cuttings, but recurrent elongation was only observed for BA (5–12.5 μM) and ZEA (5–25 μM) with
mean shoot heights of 70–80 mm being possible after two culture periods (6–8 wk) for the fastest elongating lines. ZEA was
effective across all six shoot lines with mean shoot heights of at least 35 mm over two culture periods, but two of the shoot
lines were ‘nonresponsive’ to BA with mean shoot heights of <15 mm. In contrast, when shoot tip explants were used for culture
multiplication, ZEA was the least effective cytokinin with proliferation frequencies of only 30–40%. The proliferation frequencies
were twice as great (75–87%) for TDZ (0.05–0.1 μM), but most of the shoots regenerated were swollen or fasciated in morphology.
High rates of proliferation (61–88%) were also possible using BA (12.5–25 μM), but axillary shoots did not elongate well,
growing to heights of only 5–10 mm, on average, after 4–5 wk. Since the cytokinin types and concentrations required for high-frequency
(>50%) axillary proliferation had adverse effects on the morphology and growth potential of the shoots, multiplication strategies
based on the use of nodal cuttings are recommended. 相似文献
14.
Multiple shoot induction and callus regeneration in Sarcostemma brevistigma Wight & Arnott, a rare medicinal plant 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
An efficient micropropagation protocol based on multiple shoot induction and callus regeneration has been standardized in
Sarcostemma brevistigma, a rare medicinal plant. The nodal cuttings were cultured on MS medium supplemented with BA (0.5–8 μM) or Kn (0.5–8 μM) alone
or in combination with NAA (0.5–1.5 μM). Maximum multiple shoot induction was observed on MS medium supplemented with 4 μM
BA. On this medium, 100% cultures responded with an average number of 11.3 shoots per explant. However, the average shoot
length was limited to only 0.9 cm on this medium. The addition of 1 μM NAA along with 4 μM BA gave rise to an average number
of 10.9 shoots with an average shoot length of 1.8 cm. Luxuriantly growing callus was obtained on MS medium supplemented with
BA (5 μM) and 2,4-D (2 μM). The callus was subcultured on MS medium supplemented with BA (2–15 μM) or Kn (2–15 μM) alone or
in combination with NAA (0.5–2 μM) for shoot organogenesis. Optimum callus regeneration was obtained on MS medium supplemented
with 10 μM BA and 1 μM NAA. On this medium, 100% cultures responded with an average number of 13.4 shoots per culture. The
shoots obtained via multiple shoot induction and organogenesis were rooted on half-strength MS medium supplemented with NAA
(1–7 μM) or IBA (1–7 μM). IBA was better than NAA in terms of both the percentage of cultures that responded and the average
number of roots per explant. The rooted shoots were successfully transplanted to soil with 86% success. This standardized
protocol will help to conserve this rare medicinal plant. 相似文献
15.
The regeneration of meristematic tissues from sporophytes of Laminaria digitata was studied by protoplast and tissue culture. Sequential treatment of explants in sterile seawater with 1% Betadine for 5 min,
1% commercial bleach for 1–2 min and 2% antibiotic treatment supplemented with 1 μM GeO2 overnight enabled viable explants as high as 55%. Different morphogenetic responses were observed from tissue culture on
media supplemented with plant growth regulators alone or in combination, mainly filamentous calluses up to 50% according to
the media. Dark green compact calluses were observed on two combinations: 4 μM Pi + 2 μM N-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N’-phenylurea
(CPPU) and 0.04 μM Pi + 0.44 μM 6-benzylaminopurine. Thalloid-like structures comparable to adventitious buds were regenerated
on medium supplemented with 4 μM Pi + 0.45 μM zeatin but at low frequency suggesting a strong genotypic effect. Friable calluses
were developed from protoplasts in enriched medium with polyamines and containing 0.40 μM CPPU + 0.45 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic
acid. In order to produce protoplasts, a one-step enzymatic protocol was developed and yields reached 22 × 106 protoplasts per gram of fresh weight. 相似文献
16.
B. Vinterhalter T. Janković K. Šavikin R. Nikolić D. Vinterhalter 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2008,94(3):329-335
Shoot cultures of Gentianella austriaca (A. & J. Kerner) Dostal established from seedling epicotyls were maintained on MS medium supplemented with 2.22 μM BA and
0.54 μM NAA. A characteristic feature of these cultures was precocious flowering, which appeared in all rapidly elongating
shoots. Flower development arrested shoot elongation and multiplication of shoot cultures. Continuous shoot propagation was
possible only by use of small axillary or adventitious buds as explants for subculturing. Flowering could not be suppressed
by GA3 addition or by cultivation in short-day conditions. The highest rooting percentage (47.3% with 7.83 roots per explant) was
achieved on media with 4.92 μM IBA. Shoot cultures contained the same types of secondary metabolites as plants from nature.
Xanthones were the major constituents, with DMB (demethylbellidifolin), DGL (demethylbellidifolin-8-O-glucoside) and BGL (bellidifolin-8-O-glucoside) present at roughly two times lower concentrations than in samples from nature. Secondary metabolite production
was strongly affected by the presence of BA in the medium. 相似文献
17.
María del Socorro Santos Díaz Candy Carranza Álvarez 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2009,45(2):162-170
Two procedures for the in vitro propagation of Encyclia mariae, a threatened Mexican orchid, were developed. In the first procedure, leaves from in vitro germinated seedlings were cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) supplemented with the range of 2.21–4.4 μM 6-benzylaminopurine
(BA) in combination with 2.69–10.74 μM naphthalene acetic (NAA), 2.07–8.29 μM indole-3-butyric (IBA), or 2.85–11.42 μM indole-3-acetic
acid (IAA) to determine the best medium for the induction of shooting. Maximum direct shoot formation from leaves was observed
on MS containing 22.21 μM BA and 10.74 μM NAA (25 shoots/explant). The second procedure began with the culture of protocorms
on media containing NAA, IBA, or IAA, which induced callus formation with high regenerative potential in the form of protocorm-like-bodies
(PLBs) that eventually differentiated into shoots. The optimal response was attained when these structures were cultured on
medium with 4.14 μM IBA (30 shoots/PLB). To promote the elongation of shoots derived from PLBs, the material was subcultured
onto MS medium containing 22.21 μM BA and 5.37 μM NAA. Through the exploration of the effects of auxins and matrix on the
rooting of shoots, it was determined that the optimal rooting occurred on media supplemented either with 5.71 μM IAA or 4.14 μM
IBA either on agar-gelled medium or in liquid media with coir as the matrix. Rooting was found to be 20% higher in liquid
media than in agar-gelled medium. 相似文献
18.
Małgorzata Malik 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2008,94(3):337-345
Alternative procedures for the production of Narcissus L. somatic embryos were investigated. Somatic embryogenesis was initiated on ovary explants isolated from cv. Carlton bulbs,
chilled for 12 weeks at 5°C. The explants were cultured on MS media with 3% sucrose and growth regulators: Picloram or 2,4-D
(10 or 25 μM) and BA (1 or 5 μM) for 12 weeks in the culture systems: continuous cultivation on solid media, continuous cultivation
in liquid media and sequential cultivation using cycles in liquid and solid media. Two types of somatic embryogenesis, indirect
and direct, were observed. The developmental pathway depended on the period of exposure to liquid media. Somatic embryos were
formed via embryogenic nodular callus on solid media. 2,4-D and BA stimulated the process. The 4-week and 8-week liquid medium
treatments resulted in the development of somatic embryos directly from the ovary explant tissue. The highest number of somatic
embryos was noted under the influence of 25 μM 2,4-D and 5 μM BA in explants cultivated for 8 weeks in liquid medium and then,
for 4 weeks, on solid medium. The effects of inoculum density on biomass increase and the formation of somatic embryos in
cultures obtained on a medium with 25 μM 2,4-D and 5 μM BA were also checked. The highest biomass increase was observed after
subculturing in liquid medium containing 0.5 μM NAA and 5 μM BA when the density of inoculum was 0.5 g/25 ml of the medium.
The highest number of somatic embryos was noted when the density of inoculum was 1.5 g/25 ml. 相似文献
19.
The effects of various growth regulators on morphogenesis from cocoyam tissues (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) were investigated.
Calluses were initiated from shoot tip and petiole explants and proliferated on medium containing 1.36 μM dicamba. Callus
production was significantly greater from petioles than from shoot tips. Thidiazuron (0.045 μM) enhanced callus production
when dicamba (13.5 μM) was used, and was more favorable to petioles than shoot tips. Friable shoot tip callus was subcultured
into liquid media containing either 1.36 μM dicamba alone, 1.35 μM 2,4-D + 0.46 μM kinetin or 1.36 μM dicamba + 0.46 μM kinetin
to induce adventive regeneration. Tissues producing single or aggregated shoot buds were subcultured into media containing
0, 0.049 and 0.49 μM 2-isopentenyladenine where bud multiplication and shoot regeneration were observed. Bud aggregates were
formed from callus in liquid cultures containing 1.36 μM dicamba, 1.36 μM dicamba + 0.46 μM kinetin or 1.35 μM 2,4-D + 0.46
μM kinetin. Shoot bud clumps which remained green produced shoots, daughter buds, and plantlets in stationary and agitated
liquid media containing 0, 0.049 and 0.49 μM 2iP.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
20.
V. K. Sreenivas V. N. Jisha Kottackal Poulose Martin P. V. Madhusoodanan 《Acta Physiologiae Plantarum》2011,33(5):2051-2056
The present study prospects Bridelia stipularis (L.) Blume as a new source of anthocyanins through leaf and internode explants-derived callus cultures. Murashige and Skoog
(MS) medium fortified with 21.48 μM α-naphthaleneacetic acid was superior for callus growth. Of the different regimes, the
anthocyanin production relied on synergic effects of plant growth regulators, pH, light, and carbon source. The calluses incubated
in light on MS medium with 4% glucose containing 2.22 μM N6-benzyladenine (BA) and 2.26 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) at pH 3.5 yielded the highest amount (a mean of 0.42 mg g−1 callus) of anthocyanins. Subsequent cultures of the calluses on the above medium yielded a stable production of anthocyanins.
Medium containing glucose was superior to that with sucrose for anthocyanin formation. Kinetin was inhibitory to anthocyanin
accumulation. Suspension cultures of MS medium containing 2.26 μM 2,4-D and 2.22 μM BA at pH 5.0 started excretion of anthocyanins
into the medium on reaching to pH 4.4–4.6. 相似文献