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1.
Variations in mitochondrial DNA organisation between normal and male-sterile cytoplasms of maize. 总被引:6,自引:5,他引:6
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Mitochondrial DNA from male-sterile lines of maize carrying S cytoplasm contains two small DNA species which are absent from N (fertile) and other male-sterile cytoplasms. Portions of these species have been purified and amplified by constructing recombinant plasmids in vitro. Probes made with these plasmids have been used to demonstrate; i) a homologous region in the N mitochondrial genome, which may indicate the origin of the S specific DNA species. ii) two other DNA species present in low amounts in S cytoplasm only. iii) the absence of strong homology to the S specific DNA species in mitochondria from C and T male-sterile cytoplasms. 相似文献
2.
A. G. L. de Courcel F. Vedel J. M. Boussac 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1989,77(6):793-798
Summary Mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA was isolated from fertile and cytoplasmic male sterile cultivars of cultivated onions. Restriction fragment length polymorphism led to the distinction between cytoplasms S and M. Mitochondrial DNA patterns from S cytoplasms appeared dentical and characterized mostly male sterile lines. An open-pollinated variety was found to bear this cytoplasm and thought to be the origin of S types. Mitochondrial DNA patterns from M cytoplasms were subdivided into four types, M1 and M2 corresponding to normal N cytoplasm, M3 and M4 probably corresponding to T cytoplasms. S and M cytoplasms were also distinguished by chloroplast DNA restriction patterns. Our results confirm previous genetic distinction between S, N and T cytoplasms. 相似文献
3.
Classification of normal and male-sterile cytoplasms in maize. I. Electrophoretic analysis of variation in mitochondrially synthesized proteins
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Male-sterile cytoplasms of maize have previously been classified into three groups (T, S and C) according to their fertility ratings in various inbred backgrounds. In earlier studies, mitochondria from three male-sterile cytoplasms, representing each of these three groups, have been found to synthesize characteristic variant polypeptides that distinguish them from each other and from those of normal (N) cytoplasm. In order to determine the extent of cytoplasmic variation, we have now analyzed the translation products of mitochondria from 28 additional cytoplasmic sources. The results show that on this basis 18 of the cytoplasms are identical to the USDA (S) cytoplasm, three are identical to the Texas (T) cytoplasm and two are identical to the C cytoplasm. The five remaining cytoplasms are indistinguishable from normal, male-fertile (N) cytoplasm. Our classification of the cytoplasms is in general agreement with those based on fertility restoration. However, of three cytoplasms that have previously remained unclassified, two (B and D) have now been assigned to the S group and one (LF) to the N group. No heterogeneity in mitochondrial translation products was detected within the normal or any of the three male-sterile groups. The usefulness of the analysis of mitochondrial translation products as a method for classifying normal and male-sterile cytoplasms is discussed. 相似文献
4.
Heterogeneity of Maize Cytoplasmic Genomes among Male-Sterile Cytoplasms 总被引:30,自引:3,他引:27
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Maize mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA's were prepared from normal (fertile) lines or single crosses and from members of the T, C, and S groups of male-sterile cytoplasms. Restriction endonucleases HindIII, BamI, EcoRI, and SalI were used to restrict the DNA, and the resultant fragments were electrophoresed in agarose gels. The results show that the N (fertile), T, C, and S cytoplasms each contained distinct mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). These distinctive patterns were unaffected by nuclear genotype. No evidence of paternal inheritance of mtDNA was observed. Chloroplast DNA (ctDNA) from the N, C, and T cytoplasms was indistinguishable by HindIII, SalI, or EcoRI endonuclease digestion. The S cytoplasm ctDNA, however, was slightly different from that of other cytoplasms, as indicated by a slight displacement of one band in HindIII digests. The molecular weight of maize ctDNA was estimated to be as high as 88 x 106. Estimates of the minimum molecular weight of maize mtDNA ranged from 116–131 x 106, but the patterns were to complex for an unambiguous determination. Based on HindIII data, a comparison of the molecular weight of mtDNA bands common to the N, T. C, and S cytoplasms suggests that C cytoplasm most closely resembles N cytoplasm. The T and S sources are more divergent from the C and N cytoplasms. These results indicate a possible gradation of relatedness among male-sterile cytoplasms. The marked variation in mtDNA, with apparently less variation in ctDNA, represents circumstantial, but compelling, evidence that mtDNA may be involved in the male sterility and disease susceptibility traits in maize. 相似文献
5.
玉米不育系及其保持系线粒体atp6基因转录本编辑位点研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以玉米同核异质细胞质雄性不育系T黄早四、C黄早四、S黄早四以及保持系N黄早四为材料, 比较研究了供试材料小孢子发育到单核期的线粒体atp6基因转录本保守区域的编辑位点。结果表明, DNA序列在T、C、S 3种胞质中完全一致, 与N胞质相比除在27、28核苷酸处不同外, 其余均一致, 而各胞质cDNA序列却不尽相同。DNA和cDNA序列比较显示: atp6基因转录本保守区域内, N、S胞质中均存在19个编辑位点, T胞质存在22个, C胞质存在20个, 它们相同的编辑位点有18个。大多数编辑位点都发生在密码子的第一、二位点上, 可改变氨基酸的种类。18个相同的编辑位点大都为完全编辑, 其中第1位点在各胞质中为部分编辑, 第19位点除在N胞质中为完全编辑外其余胞质都为部分编辑。而各胞质特有编辑位点均以部分编辑的形式出现。由此可见, 在玉米中atp6基因RNA编辑不仅具有序列特异性, 同时还受到胞质背景的影响。通过分析还可看出, 编辑的C残基前一个碱基多为嘧啶类碱基, 编码氨基酸Ser和Pro的密码子较其他类的密码子更易受到编辑, 且植物RNA的编辑有着改变蛋白质疏水性、增加物种间保守性的倾向。 相似文献
6.
用线粒体DNA鉴定玉米雄性不育细胞质的研究 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
参照Kemble法,通过分析玉米线粒体DNA,鉴定出我国生产上应用的玉米双型和唐徐型雄性不育细胞质属于S组。近年新获得的不育类型Y型属于T组,为玉米种子生产合理应用雄性不育细胞质提供了可靠依据,并对鉴别玉米雄性不育细胞质的方法进行了讨论。 相似文献
7.
M. J. Havey 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2000,101(5-6):778-782
Hybrid-onion (Allium cepa) seed is produced using systems of cytoplasmic-genic male sterility (CMS). Two different sources of CMS (S and T cytoplasms)
have been genetically characterized. Testcrosses of N-cytoplasmic maintaining and restoring genotypes to S and T cytoplasmic
lines demonstrated that different alleles, or loci, restore male fertility for these two male-sterile cytoplasms. Other sources
of CMS have been used or reported in Europe, Japan and India, and their relationships to S and T cytoplasms are not clear.
Restriction fragment length polymorphisms were identified in the organellar genomes among commercially used male-sterile cytoplasms
from Holland, Japan and India, and were compared to S and T cytoplasms. Mitochondrial DNA diversity among 58 non-S-cytoplasmic
open-pollinated onion populations was also assessed. All five putative CMS lines selected from the Indian population Nasik
White Globe were identical to S cytoplasm for all polymorphisms in the chloroplast genome, and always possessed the same-sized
mitochondrial fragments as S cytoplasm. T cytoplasm, the male-sterile cytoplasm used to produce the Dutch hybrid Hygro F1, and two sources of CMS from Japan, were similar and showed numbers of mitochondrial polymorphisms similar to those observed
among the 58 non-S-cytoplasmic open-pollinated populations. This research demonstrates that the same, or very similar, male-sterile
cytoplasms have been independently isolated and exploited for hybrid-seed production in onion.
Received: 27 October 1999 / Accepted: 12 February 2000 相似文献
8.
Summary Inbred line Ky21 carries nuclear genes which restore fertility to all three cytoplasmic male sterile (cms) types of maize:
T, C and S. By substituting the Ky21 cytoplasm into a nuclear background lacking all of the nuclear restorer genes, we have
demonstrated that Ky21 contains a fertile (normal) cytoplasm. Gel electrophoresis of mitochondrial DNA from Ky21 demonstrated
an approximately 2.1 kb plasmid and no evidence for a 2.35 kb plasmid found in many normal cytoplasms of North American lines
of maize. A 2.1 kb plasmid had been reported to be diagnostic for the T-type cms. However, the restriction endonuclease digestion
pattern of Ky21 mtDNA more closely resembled that of normal lines than T-cms. Furthermore, mitochondria of Ky21 plants did
not synthesize a 13 kilodalton polypeptide, which has only been found to be synthesized by T-type mitochondria. From these
molecular criteria, as well as from the genetic analysis, we conclude that the mitochondria of the Ky21 universal restorer
line are normal. In having a shorter form of a linear mtDNA plasmid, Ky21 resembles cytoplasms found in Mexican races of maize. 相似文献
9.
J. Vančetović M. Vidaković D. Ignjatović-Micić A. Nikolić K. Marković V. Anđelković 《Russian Journal of Genetics》2010,46(7):836-840
Maize Research Institute (MRI) gene bank maintains a collection of 6000 maize accessions. Within this collection over 100
sources of cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) were found in field trials, i.e. more than 2% of the total accession numbers.
These sources are distributed among Yugoslav open-pollinated varieties (4.56% of them contain CMS), as well as introduced
heterozygous genotypes and inbred lines. In order to identify cytoplasm types the gene-bank sources of CMS were screened using
a PCR assay with specific primers for C, T and S cytoplasms. Predominant cytoplasmic male sterility type among the analyzed
accessions was CMS-S. Results were inconclusive for three accessions, i.e. different results for the progenies of two ears
per accession were obtained. For another two accessions a new PCR product profile was identified, consisting of one band characteristic
for CMS-S and one unspecific for any of the three CMS types. The PCR approach enabled a simple, fast and reliable large scale
screening of maize cytoplasm among MRI gene bank accessions, significantly reducing time for cytoplasm characterizations compared
to classical method of testing with restorers for each known type of CMS. 相似文献
10.
Characterization of anther differentiation in cytoplasmic male sterile maize using a specific isozyme system (esterase) 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
A. G. Abbott C. C. Ainsworth R. B. Flavell 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1984,67(5):469-473
Summary During anther development, characterized in maize plants with N cytoplasm, certain esterase isozymes in non-microspore cells decrease in amount with anther age and new isozymes appear in the developing microspores. In anthers from male sterile plants with cms T or cms C cytoplasm, neither of these changes in esterase patterns occurred. In anthers from plants with cms S cytoplasm, the decrease in the esterases of non-microsporogenous cells was observed but not the appearance of microspore esterases. In lines carrying cms S cytoplasm and nuclear restorer genes, esterase changes during anther development were as in normal fertile anthers. These results are discussed with respect to the phenomenon of cytoplasmic male sterility in the different maize genotypes. 相似文献
11.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was isolated from over 100 different maize nucleo-cytoplasmic combinations. DNA preparations were
assayed for the presence of the 1.94kb mitochondrial plasmid by agarose gel electrophoresis and hybridization to a recombinant
clone of the plasmid. The plasmid was present in all tested inbreds which carried N, male fertile, cytoplasm or the cytoplasmically
male sterile (cms) groups,cms-T andcms-C. However, members of thecms-S group differed with respect to the presence of the plasmid. Cytoplasms I, J and S possessed the plasmid, whereas cytoplasms
B, CA, D, G, H, IA, ME, ML, PS, RD and VG did not.Cms-S group lines which had spontaneously reverted to fertility (nuclear and cytoplasmic revertants) did not exhibit a concomitant
change in 1.94kb plasmid levels, although all such lines showed the previously reported alteration in levels of the linear
mtDNAs, S1 and S2. The presence or absence of the plasmid was not correlated with (i) frequency of reversion to fertility,
(ii) the degree of male sterility expressed, (iii) the presence or absence of standard nuclear restorer to fertility genes
and (iv) nuclear genotype. Latin American races carrying RU cytoplasm possessed the plasmid, as did sweet corn varieties.
The relevance of the data tocms and evolution of thecms-S group is discussed. 相似文献
12.
Summary The amounts of a 1.9 kb mitochondrial plasmid relative to sequences in another mitochondrial DNA replicon and also to nuclear
ribosomal DNA sequences have been compared in maize leaves and anthers. Similar comparisons have been made between plants
with the same nuclear genotype but containing normal, S, or T cytoplasms. The ratio of 1.9 kb plasmid to nuclear rDNA is lower
in plants with normal cytoplasm than in plants with S or T cytoplasm. It also differs between leaves and anthers. Furthermore,
the relative concentration of the mitochondrial DNA sequences belonging to different replicons differs between leaves and
anthers. It is concluded that components of different mitochondrial replicons are not maintained in fixed ratios during development
and that the concentration of the 1.9 kb plasmid is regulated, in part, by cytoplasmically-inherited determinants. The 1.9
kb plasmid is absent from lines with the Vg cytoplasm, but related sequences are found in the maize nuclear genome. 相似文献
13.
玉米S组细胞质雄性不育线粒体R区序列与多型性分析 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5
玉米S组细胞难性不育(CMS)可能与线粒体基因组中的R区域有关。对不同核背景下唐徐、双2种S胞质的线粒体DNA以R区特异探针的Southern分析发现均有6.7kb、4.5kb、1.8kb的3条谱带,分别对应于2种位于线粒体基因组中间的类型和1个线性末端,并且核背景对这3种不同形式的R区域的量有影响。对Mo17和77核背景下N、T、C4种胞质17种材料的玉米线粒体基因组中R区的Southern分析 相似文献
14.
C. A. Lemke V. E. Gracen H. L. Everett 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1985,71(3):481-485
Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) was found in plants derived from the F2 progeny of fertile, normal cytoplasm plants of the inbred R181 pollinated with a genetic stock carrying the recessive nuclear gene, iojap. The male sterile plants were maintained by back-crossing with the inbred W182BN which maintains all known sources of cytoplasmic male sterility. The new male sterile progeny were found to exhibit stable male sterility under field conditions in two environments. However, they were partially fertile in the hot, dry summer of 1983 at Aurora, NY. It was found that these lines were restored by lines that characteristically restore cms S group cytoplasms. Pollen phenotype studies indicated that the restoration was gametophytic in nature, also characteristic of the cms S group. Agarose gel electrophoresis of undigested mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from these steriles indicated that these lines have the S-1 and S-2 episomes characteristic of the cms S group. Restriction endonuclease digest patterns of mtDNA from these sterile lines digested with BamH I indicated that these steriles fit into the CA subgroup of the cms S group. The new source of cms has been designated cms Ij-1. 相似文献
15.
G.-W. Xu Y.-X. Cui K. F. Schertz G. E. Hart 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1995,90(7-8):1180-1187
We have demonstrated that sorghum DNA sequences of mitochondrial origin can be used to distinguish different male-sterility-inducing cytoplasms. Six DNA clones containing single-copy mitochondrial sequences were hybridized on Southern blots to restriction enzyme-digested DNA of 28 sorghum lines representing sources of different cytoplasmic male-sterility (CMS) groups. Four cytoplasmic types were defined on the basis of the pattern of DNA fragments detected. Similar analyses of 50 additional diverse sorghum accessions suggested that three of the four cytoplasmic types may be diagnostic for CMS. Also, three other cytoplasmic types were discovered. These and other mitochondrial DNA clones may be useful molecular tools for “fingerprinting” sterility-inducing cytoplasms in breeding programs, determining cytoplasmic diversity among germ plasm accessions, and identifying new sources of cytoplasm that induce male sterility. 相似文献
16.
Genomic variation in S1 and S2 homologous sequences, defined as the S regions, were examined in mitochondrial DNAs of 12 normal cytoplasm maize lines collected in the United States. Three genomic variants were detected among the 12 cytoplasms, eight of which were identical to the Wf9 model structure. Hybridization data with S1 and S2 DNAs and with two cosmids spanning these regions were consistent with the concept that S1 and S2 sequences are found in each normal cytoplasm. Three variations of the S1 region were established; the Wf9 structure, a second group consisting of F6, A188, and W182BN, and a third, Black Mexican. Genome structure was conserved through the S2 region in all lines examined. None of the cytoplasms included complete copies of S1; the 1400 bp repeat characteristic of S1 and S2 was absent in the S1 region of all lines. A 2.1 kb linear DNA was observed instead of a 2.3 kb DNA in F6, A188, and W182BN. Integrated copies of S1 and S2 sequences may be a constituitive characteristic of normal, male-fertile maize cytoplasms. 相似文献
17.
Csaba Koncz János Sümegi Andor Udvardy Máté Racsmány Dénes Dudits 《Molecular & general genetics : MGG》1981,183(3):449-458
Summary Mitochondria from S-type cytoplasmic male-sterile maize contain two small DNA species, S1 and S2, which are absent from other fertile and male-sterile cytoplasms. These species have been cloned in plasmid pBR322 by the homopolymer extension method. Probes made with these recombinant plasmids have been used to establish the homology between high molecular weight mitochondrial DNAs of fertile and male-sterile cytoplasms, and small mitochondrial plasmid-like molecules. Hybridization and mapping data show that S2 DNA copies are homologuous with sequences of the normal mitochondrial genome. A comparison of physical maps of different isolated mtDNA fragments indicates a heterogeneous arrangement of S2 sequences in the mtDNA population of normal fertile maize cytoplasm. The origin of this heterogeneity is discussed. 相似文献
18.
B. G. Gengenbach J. A. Connelly D. R. Pring M. F. Conde 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1981,59(3):161-167
Summary Plants resistant to Helminthosporium maydis race T were obtained following selection for H. maydis pathotoxin resistance in tissue cultures of susceptible, Texas male-sterile (T) cytoplasm maize. The selected lines transmitted H. maydis resistance to their sexual progeny as an extranuclear trait. Of 167 resistant, regenerated plants, 97 were male fertile and 70 were classified male sterile for reasons that included abnormal plant, tassel, anther or pollen development. No progeny were obtained from these male-sterile, resistant plants. Male fertility and resistance to the Phyllosticta maydis pathotoxin that specifically affects T cytoplasm maize were co-transmitted with H. maydis resistance to progeny of male-fertile, resistant plants. These three traits previously were associated only with the normal (N) male-fertile cytoplasm condition in maize. Three generations of progeny testing provided no indication that the cytoplasmic association of male sterility and toxin susceptibility had been broken by this selection and regeneration procedure. Restriction endonuclease analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) revealed that three selected, resistant lines had distinct mtDNA organization that distinguished them from each other, from T and from N cytoplasm maize. Restriction patterns of the selected resistant lines were similar to those from T cytoplasm mtDNA; these patterns had not been observed in any previous analyses of various sources of T cytoplasm. The mtDNA analyses indicated that the male-fertile, toxin-resistant lines did not originate from selection of N mitochondrial genomes coexisting previously with T genomes in the T cytoplasm line used for selection.Scientific Journal Series Article no. 11,185 of the Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station and no. 2295 of the Florida Agricultural Experiment Station. Mention of a trademark, proprietary product, or vendor does not constitute a guarantee of warrantly of the product by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products or vendors that may also be suitable 相似文献
19.
玉米CMS—S材料雄花育性不稳定性与线粒体S类质粒相关性的研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
田间鉴定了4套玉米CMS-S的同质异核杂交种和不育系的雄花育性表现。发现在保持型F_1群体中有育性部分恢复的不稳定现象。检测它们的线粒体DNA,发现均有游离态的S_1、S_2,类质粒存在。分离恢复型和育性部分恢复的近等基因型F_1植株的线粒体主DNA,经EcoRI等5种核酸内切酶酶切后,与S_1分子探针杂交,均未发现任何带型差异。正常胞质系与不同来源的S胞质不育系的线粒体主DNA经5种内切酶酶切后,与S_1分子探针杂交,带型存在明显差异。而各S胞质不育系之间的带型无差异。结果表明,所研究的CMS-S材料的育性不稳定现象可能与胞质基因无关。 相似文献
20.
Variation and Patterns of DNA Methylation in Maize C-type CMS Lines and their Maintainers 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Yanli Lu Yaxi Liu Jing Wang Moju Cao Tingzhao Rong 《Journal of plant biochemistry and biotechnology.》2010,19(1):43-50
DNA methylation plays an important role in gene expression regulation during biological development in plants. This study adopted methylation sensitive amplification polymorphism (MSAP) to compare the levels and patterns of cytosine methylation at CCGG sites in maize genome. The tissues assayed included seedlings and tassels of C-type cytoplasmic male sterility (C Huang Zao Si, C 48-2) and its maintainer lines. For each tissue, both C Huang Zao Si and C 48-2 were more methylated than their corresponding maintainers not only on MSAP ratios, but also on the full methylation levels. In different nuclear backgrounds, the two tissues were more methylated in Huang Zao Si than in 48-2, although the two lines shared the same cytoplasm. Full methylation of internal cytosine was the dominant type in the maize genome. In addition, four different classes of methylation patterns were identified in tassels between C-CMS lines and their maintainer lines; these were specific-methylation, demethylation, hypo-methylation, and hyper-methylation. The results obtained demonstrated the power of the MSAP technique for large-scale DNA methylation detection in the maize genome, and suggested the possible association between DNA methylation polymorphism and C-type cytoplasmic male sterility. 相似文献