湖北宜昌大坪奥陶纪阿仑尼克期三叶虫生态组合

首次对扬子区奥陶纪大湾组的三叶虫相作了初步分析。在详细研究了湖北宜昌大坪大湾组30种三叶虫的地层和岩相分布的基础上,划分出3个生态组合,即：Asaphid-Pseudocalymene组合,Asaphid-Raphiophorid组合和Trinucleid组合,它们依次指示由浅而深的浅外陆棚环境。研究表明这3个组合在大湾组的交替出现应与阿仑尼克期海平面变化密切相关。     

奥陶纪三叶虫凸面远瞩虫（Telephina convexa Lu）的眼

研究材料系自浙江江山晚奥陶世黄泥岗组硅质结核中的Telephina convexa Lu眼部内模和外模标本。使用SEM二次电子图像把眼部放大,发现其小眼体是透镜体,外形为正八角形的透镜体,正八角形的每一相间的部位为正方形的眼间体（interlens)所占据,它们填充在八角形小眼体顶角和底角外侧的空间。每一正八角形的边长为66．66μm,小眼体之间为四向两组垂直交叉排列。Telephina的眼是介于在叶虫复眼和聚合眼之间的一种特殊类型的眼。从眼的构造和形态来看,Telephina 应属于中远洋悬浮类三叶虫,与Cyclopyge近似。     

华南贵州早奥陶世红花园组的镰箭类牙形刺

本文描述了产自华南贵州下奥陶统红花园组(桐梓红花园标准剖面,沿河甘溪剖面和贵阳黄花冲剖面)的四个镰箭类牙形刺种:Drepanoistodus sp.cf.nowlani,Paltodus sp.cf.P.subaequalis,Paltodus sp.A和Paroisto-dus sp.。D.sp.cf.nowlani为红花园组常见种,但另三种则相对稀少。在红花园组标准剖面,Paltodus sp.cf.P.subaequalis最低出现于该组底部,证实此层位为晚特马豆克期。文中详细图示了产于瑞典下奥陶统的两个带化石种:Paltodus deltifer和Paroistodus proteus,以及瑞典镰箭刺属的三个常见种:Drepanoistodus forceps,D.basiovalis和D.sp.cf.D.suberectus。通过与瑞典材料的详细对比,我们认为华南以前关于P.proteus和P.deltifer两种的记述多有误,须重新厘定。     

中国寒武纪三叶虫生物地理趋议

寒武纪三叶虫除北疆和藏南尚无可靠报道外,在中国各地均有广泛分布。三叶虫证据表明,除兴安区的额尔古纳一兴安地体和早寒武世中天山一北山地体显示了与西伯利亚和劳伦陆块在动物群方面的密切相关外,中国寒武纪的所有板块和大部分地体（包括中及晚寒武世的中天山～北山地体）均系当时东泛冈瓦纳的重要组成部分,在生物地理上彼此密切关联。对这些属于东泛冈瓦纳的中国区块的生物地理格局的进一步探讨,主要侧重于它们台地相浅水三叶虫动物群之间的对比,特别是立足于来自动物群纪录比较完整的华南、塔里木和华北板块的证据。综合分析研究表明这些板块和有关的地体在中及晚寒武世应归属同一生物地理区,而在早寒武世则可划分为两个生物地理亚区：一个由华南、塔里木板块和安南或印支地体组成,另一仅以华北板块为代表。     

华南与缅甸奥陶纪末赫南特贝动物群中的无铰类腕足动物

在奥陶纪末生物大灭绝的两幕之间,海洋底域繁盛着赫南特贝腕足动物群（Hirnantia Fauna）。它数量丰富,分布广泛,历程短暂。以往国内外学者研究这个动物群时,常把有铰类腕足动物作为重点,而无铰类只被简单描述或列出名单,整体面貌不明。无铰类化石尽管材料有限、研究基础薄弱,但只就属的数目而言,占据了全球赫南特贝动物群总属数的近1/5,其群落、演化和环境意义不可小觑。文中专门记述上扬子区（华南古板块）观音桥层（赫南特早中期）与缅甸曼德勒地区（滇缅马苏古地体）Hwe Mawng紫色页岩段（赫南特中期）所产赫南特贝动物群的无铰类化石,计有3目、4超科[Linguloidea（舌形贝超科）、Discinoidea（平圆贝超科）、Craniopsoidea（似髑髅贝超科）和Cranioidea（髑髅贝超科）]的10属、12种,包括5个命名属种[Plectoglossa cf. davidsoni (Barrande),Schizotretinia cf. euxina (Havlí?ek), Pseudopholidops partibilis (Rong),Petrocrania cribrum (Temple),Xenocrania haimei (Reed)]和7个未定种（Trematis sp.,Paracraniops sp.,Acanthocrania sp.,Petrocrania? sp. 1,Petrocrania? sp. 2, Pseudolingula? sp. 和Orbiculoidea sp.）,其中,Pseudolingula? sp.和Orbiculoidea sp.两个未定名种因标本不佳,未正式描述。其中,以Pseudopholidops最为常见,其次是Xenocrania和Petrocrania。前两属是华南、滇缅马苏、波罗的卡、阿瓦隆尼亚、佩鲁尼卡等古板块或地体赫南特贝动物群的常见分子。它们已知限于南、北纬30°之间的低纬度地区,这可能与化石采集和研究程度有关,但更可能反映奥陶纪末全球气候仍存在分异现象。研究识别了奥陶纪晚期无铰类腕足动物7个目,可归为3个类群：灭绝目（仅神父贝目Paterinida）、消减目（多样性与丰度大幅衰减,尤其是三分贝目Trimerellida和乳孔贝目Acrotretida在Hirnantian销声匿迹）和延续目（适应能力强、忍耐阈值高,成功穿越大灾难的首幕）。这些分类单元对研究奥陶纪-志留纪交界期腕足动物群的多样性、群落生态、生物地理及宏演化等有重要意义。     

桃曲坡牙形刺属（Taoqupognathus）在澳大利亚及中国晚奥陶世的分布

Taoqupognathus为潘德尔刺类的一多分子器官属。其特征明显：单维,片状,具有不同发育程度的后缘隆起。该属仅在澳大利亚东部和中国上奥陶统分布,已知有4种,而且具有较精确的区域对比价值。形态特征的支序分析显示：在晚奥陶世中期（Eastonian),T.philipi-T.blandus-T.tumidus谱系代表了该属的主要演化趋向。Taoqupognathus属的分布表明,澳大利亚东部和中国在当时有着密切的生物地理联系。该属可能在Eastonian早期起源于新南威尔世中部地区,在中－晚Eastonian期时达到发展高潮,并已扩展到中国各板块。继而可能在Eastonian末期和Bolindian早期全部绝灭。     

中国奥陶纪晚期—志留纪早期孢型植物及古地理意义

中国奥陶纪晚期的孢型植物组合以隐孢子为主,不含真正三缝孢,称为Tetrahedraletes medinensis-Dy-adospora murusattenuata-Laevolancis chibrikovae(MMC)组合;中国志留纪早期孢型植物组合以隐孢子为主,包括四分体和单分体,缺失二分体,出现真正三缝孢,并产生不同的类型(光面、具纹饰、具弓形脊等类型),被称为Tet-rahedraletes medinensis-Laevolancis chibrikovae-Ambitisporites avitus/dilutus(MCA)组合。孢型植物化石的某些相似性表明:华南和塔里木板块可能分布于相近的低古纬度,气候特征具有一定的可比性,代表近赤道的热带气候;至少在志留纪早期,华南和印支板块与冈瓦纳大陆距离较近,可能处于同一古气候带,代表相似的生物古地理特征。     

ASAPHOID TRILOBITES FROM THE ARENIG–LLANVIRN OF THE SOUTH CHINA PLATE

Abstract:  Twenty-nine Arenig and Llanvirn trilobite species, representing 20 genera in the Asaphidae, Cyclopygidae, Dikelokephalinidae, Nileidae, Raphiophoridae, Remopleurididae, Taihungshaniidae and Trinucleidae, are treated in a taxonomic review of the South Chinese Asaphida. This review is based on large collections of trilobite material made from five formations at nine localities in western Hubei, northern Hunan and southern Shaanxi, representing a wide range of benthic marine environments across the Yangtze Platform and Jiangnan Transitional Belt regions of the South China Plate. Most South Chinese representatives of the Asaphidae are reassigned to the Nobiliasaphinae on the basis of cranidial and hypostomal characters, and taxonomic revisions are given for Liomegalaspides and Opsimasaphus pseudodawanicus . Taihungshania shui and T . tachengssuensis are revised and redescribed, and the establishment of lectotypes for these species and T . brevica clarifies the status of the type material of Taihungshania . Nileus walcotti is revised and restricted biogeographically to the South China Plate; material from Xinjiang previously assigned to this species is reassigned to N .  sericeus sp. nov. The new raphiophorid species Raphioampyx sinankylosus is described. Aocaspis , Incaia and Raphioampyx are recorded for the first time from South China, and the latter two genera are also recorded for the first time from the Arenig.     

LATE ORDOVICIAN BRACHIOPODS FROM THE DULANKARA FORMATION OF THE CHU-ILI RANGE, KAZAKHSTAN: THEIR SYSTEMATICS, PALAEOECOLOGY AND PALAEOBIOGEOGRAPHY

Abstract:  Brachiopods from the late Ordovician (late Caradoc) Dulankara Formation of the Chu-Ili Range, Kazakhstan, are reviewed. Those from the upper two members of the formation, the Degeres and Akkol members, are systematically described. New genera from the Dulankara Formation are Nikitinamena (Plectambonitoidea: Leptellinidae), with type species Nikitinamena bicostata sp. nov., and Weberorthis (Orthoidea: Plectorthidae), with type species Mimella brevis Rukavishnikova. Another new genus is Glyptomenoides (Strophomenoidea: Glyptomenidae), with type species Rafinesquina girvanensis Salmon from the Caradoc of Girvan, Scotland. Other new species from the Dulankara Formation are Holtedahlina orientalis , Platymena tersa , Christiania proclivis , Leangella ( Leangella ) paletsae , Metambonites subcarinatus , Ogmoplecia nesca and Plectorthis licta . The ecology and assemblages of all three members of the Dulankara Formation are identified or reviewed, and their palaeogeographical significance assessed: the Chu-Ili Terrane (on which the Dulankara Formation was situated during the Ordovician) formed part of the relatively low-latitude peri-Gondwanan complex of terranes, and was probably not far from North and South China. The faunal links suggested between the Dulankara brachiopods and contemporary faunas from Australia are now perceived to be weaker than previously thought.     

论奥陶纪三叶虫属Reedocalymene Kobayashi, 1951

由于建立Ｒｅｅｄｏｃａｌｙｍｅｎｅ一属的模式种标本保存甚差,长期以来,这一属的概念一直不甚明了,研究了峡东地区庙坡组新发现的丰富日保存完好的Ｒｅｅｄｏｃａｌｙｍｅｎｅ ｅｘｐａｎｓａ Ｙｉ材料,其中完整背过 首次发现。新材料揭示了以往Ｒｅｅｄｏｃａｌｙｍｅｎｅ的一些鲜为人知的背面和腹面形态,从而有可能对该属进行全面的修订,讨论了Ｒ．ｅｘ－ｐａｎｓａ的某些重要特征,如面线、前坑、腹边缘板、前舌以及壳     

华北地台西缘两个奥陶纪三叶虫新属

Family Raphiophoridae Angelin,1854GenusAbulbaspisgen.nov.Type species Bulbaspis ordosensisLuin Luet al.1976,from the Kli moli Formation(Llanvirn)ofZhuozishan,Wuhai,Inner Mongolia.Diagnosis A raphiophorid genus si milar toAmpyxDal man,1827,but distinguishe…     

SILICIFIED RHYNCHONELLIFORM BRACHIOPODS FROM THE KUNIUTAN FORMATION (DARRIWILIAN: MIDDLE ORDOVICIAN), GUIYANG, SOUTH CHINA

Abstract: A silicified brachiopod fauna from the Middle Ordovician Kuniutan Formation (lower–middle Darriwilian, i.e. uppermost Arenig to lower Llanvirn) at Wudang, Guiyang, central Guizhou, South China, includes abundant specimens of Yangtzeella, Orthambonites and Leptellina together with common Parisorthis, Saucrorthis, rare Anomalorthis?, Hemipronites?, Leptestia? and, significantly, Aporthophyla; associated are rare trilobites, gastropods, crinoids and nautiloids. The Yangtzeella kueiyangensis‐Orthambonites delicata Association is defined for this shallow‐water, Benthic Assemblage 3, association. This first record of Aporthophyla in South China may indicate a link between South China and the Toquima‐Table Head Province, where the Aporthophyla fauna is more typically developed. However, this association is significantly different from the latter in having three endemic genera, Yangtzeella, Saucrorthis and Parisorthis, rare numbers of Aporthophyla and Anomalorthis?, and the absence of many other typical elements of the Aporthophyla fauna. The occurrence of Orthambonites, Hemipronites? and Leptestia? suggests some relationships between South China and the Baltic Platform during the Mid Ordovician. The various brachiopod associations bearing Aporthophyla may be quite different in nature, composition and diversity, and may possess different background palaeobiogeographical signatures. The assemblages containing Aporthophyla in South China, Qaidam, Malaysia, Australia and possibly Tibet are clearly different biogeographically from those associated with the Toquima‐Table Head and the Celtic provinces. Two new species, Aporthophyla sinensis sp. nov. and Leptellina orientalis sp. nov. are described.     

鄂西志留纪早期三叶虫Latiproetus Lu,1962的新材料

本文描述湖北宜昌、兴山志留纪兰多维列世艾隆期蚜头虫类三叶虫Latiproetus latilimbatus(Grabau,1925)和Latiproetus tenuis Chang,1974的新材料.Latiproetus Lu,1962的有效性长期多有争论,通过新材料研究确认,该属和Prantlia P(r)ibyl,1946的区别在于其较短的鞍前区,向前收缩较少的头鞍,较微弱的尾肋沟和间肋沟,并不具鞍前区横脊.该属和Astroproetus Begg,1939的区别在于其较深的S1,清晰的S2,较小的活动颊刺,及宽而清晰的尾边缘.因此,笔者认为Latiproetus应为有效属.     

南澳大利亚Officer盆地东部下寒武统Abadiella一新种

描述采用自南澳大利亚Officer盆地东部Manya-6号钻井的下寒武统Ouldburra组的Abadiella三叶虫的一新种－Abadiella officerensis,同时指出Parabadiella是Abadiella的同义名。     

湖北宜昌地区下-中奥陶统界线疑源类生物地层学意义

根据牙形类Baltoniodus? triangularis的首现,中奥陶统和大坪阶底界已界定于湖北宜昌黄花场剖面大湾组底界之上10.57m.对黄花场剖面以及邻近的大坪剖面大湾组疑源类研究表明,某些疑源类属种具有生物地层学意义,其首现可用于识别奥陶系下/中统界线.     

ONTOGENY AND RELATIONSHIPS OF THE TRILOBITE PSEUDOPETIGURUS PRANTL AND PŘIBYL

Abstract:  The ontogeny of Pseudopetigurus deprati Turvey et al ., 2006 from the Ordovician Dawan Formation (Arenigian), Anhui Province, South China, is described. The presence of an anterior cranidial border in Pseudopetigurus is recognized for the first time. On account of the short (tr.), spindle-shaped anterior border, and the distinct, steeply inclined, wall-like pygidial margin, Pseudopetigurus is assigned to the family Dimeropygidae, the first genus of this family endemic to Gondwana. It has previously been regarded as a member of family Isocolidae. Cladistic analysis of species assigned to Dimeropygidae supports the monophyly of a clade including Dimeropyge , Dimeropygiella , Ischyrotoma , Pseudohystricurus and Pseudopetigurus , which may represent a subfamily Dimeropyginae. The distribution of Dimeropyginae shows a predominantly palaeotropical distribution, while the Gondwana Pseudopetigurus must have diverged from the dimeropygine common ancestor in pre-Arenigian time.     

陕西南郑中奥陶世三叶虫拾遗

描述陕南南郑梁山中奥陶世Llanvin早期7种三叶虫,包括两个新种Bathycheilus sinensis sp.nov.和Pseudocalymene sculpta sp.nov.,其中Bathycheilus一属在我国系首次发现。三叶虫组成和埋葬相特征表明这一动物群的底栖分子应生活于水体安静,深度大于风暴浪基面的灰泥质海底环境。这些底栖三叶虫属于环冈瓦纳动物群的一个组成部分,但显示了与北欧动物群的一定联系。     

皖南石台下奥陶统仑山组的叠层石

扬子区东南台缘下奥陶统特马道克阶仑山组上段多见厚层碳酸盐岩,其中的叠层石礁出露厚度23m,穹窿状叠层石密集生长序列厚度20m,往上部的3m叠层石变得稀少。微相特征显示叠层石的纹层多不清晰,存在不同程度的生物、物理及化学营力的干扰现象,可识别数种成因。生物对藻席表面的啃食和内部的栖居钻孔可破坏纹层;高能水流时常带入的生屑、砂屑堆积能点断叠层石纹层的正常生长;部分叠层石中常见压溶缝合线和白云岩化。区域海退过程抑制了叠层石礁的连续生长。     

STROPHOMENIDE BRACHIOPODS FROM THE CHANGWU FORMATION (LATE KATIAN, LATE ORDOVICIAN) OF CHUN'AN, WESTERN ZHEJIANG, SOUTH-EAST CHINA

Abstract:  Late Ordovician strophomenide brachiopods (superfamilies Strophomenoidea and Plectambonitoidea) from the upper Changwu Formation (mid Ashgill, late Katian) of Jianglütang, Chun'an County, western Zhejiang Province, consist of ten genera and 12 species. Five new species of three new genera are recognized: Chunanomena triporcata , Chunanomena sembellina , Cheramomena subsolana , Lateriseptomena modesta , and Lateriseptomena rugosa . The strophomenide brachiopods from the upper Katian strata described in this study and those from the border region of Zhejiang and Jiangxi provinces reported in previous work contain 16 strophomenoid and 12 plectambonitoid genera, and most of the strophomenoids are endemic to South China. Numerical analysis of well-documented late Katian strophomenide brachiopod faunas indicates a strong provincialism, characterized by the highly distinct North American province (Laurentia), the South China-Kazakhstan province, and the Avalonia-Baltica province (Wales, Belgium and Sweden). Surprisingly, the Girvan district of Scotland, which was a peri-Laurentian terrane during the Ordovician, contains a late Katian brachiopod fauna that is more closely related to the contemporaneous brachiopods of Avalonia-Baltica than to those of North America.     

华南早-中二叠世(蜓)类分异度变化过程的对比研究

根据复合标准剖面的数据,对华南早-中二叠世鲢类动物群属种分异度的变化过程进行了研究,分析了早、中二叠世动物群属种首现及末现速率的差异。研究结果表明,鲢类动物群属级分异度经历了两次快速上升,一次明显下降,在早、中二叠世出现两个相对独立的高峰,但总体上表现出持续上升趋势,并在中二叠世中期达到最大。早二叠世期间属级分异度的短暂下降主要与鲢类动物本身的演化趋势有关,是动物群属级分类单元更替的结果。物种分异度在二叠纪初急剧增长,至早二叠世Sakmarian期已达到整个早-中二叠世的顶峰。早二叠世的动物群更替事件对物种分异度具有显著影响,并导致物种分异度随后总体呈下降趋势,中二叠世开始物种数虽有所上升,但始终未能恢复到早二叠世鼎盛时期的水平。早二叠世是筵类动物稳定发展时期,动物群中属种首现的总数及速率明显大于中二叠世,属种更替也更为频繁。中二叠世中期开始,筵类动物群属种分异度同时呈现急剧下降的趋势,但是,早、中二叠世华南鲢类动物群中属种末现速率却并无明显差异,表明造成晚期古生代稳定生态系统崩溃的环境变化对筵类动物的成种速率有较大的影响,持续的低成种速率是导致中二叠世筵类动物属种分异度下降的内在因素。