优质棉中棉所127相关杂交分离群体纤维产量和品质性状遗传变异分析

为了进一步揭示棉花优质品种的纤维产量和品质性状之间的遗传关系,筛选纤维品质突出的优异材料,本研究以优质品种中棉所127为父本,与高产品系sGK中156为母本杂交,构建F2和F2∶3分离大群体,对分离群体的纤维产量与品质进行初步评价分析.结果表明F2和F2∶3世代中铃重、衣分、纤维上半部平均长度、断裂比强度、马克隆值、伸...     

陆海BC_4F_3和BC_4F_(3:4)代换系纤维产量与品质的表型评价

对陆海BC4F3和BC4F3:4代换系群体的纤维产量与品质的表型性状进行初步评价分析,结果表明,群体代换系各性状平均值与轮回亲本中棉所45相近,但群体内部个体间仍存在丰富的遗传变异,其中不乏超越中棉所45的材料。从中筛选20个纤维品质突出单株(株行),2年的上半部平均长度高于30.00 mm,断裂比强度高于31.0 c N/tex,表现较好的一致性和稳定性,为进一步棉花纤维品质育种提供了选择材料。     

陆地棉与四个四倍体棉的遗传渐渗及QTL定位研究进展

陆地棉是棉属中最主要的一个栽培棉种,其产量占世界棉花总产的95％以上.我国对于陆地棉的引种、栽培和育种已有百年历史,在陆地棉不断改良的过程中,其遗传基础逐渐变得狭窄.为了拓宽陆地棉遗传基础,近十几年来,我国以及世界棉花基础研究和育种工作者通过有性杂交创建了棉花远缘杂交遗传群体和优异种质资源;与此同时,随着分子生物学的兴...     

陆地棉纤维品质性状关联分析及优异等位基因挖掘

本研究检测了214个陆地棉材料在多环境下的纤维品质指标(上半部平均长度、断裂比强度、马克隆值、伸长率和整齐度),选用在棉花基因组上均匀分布多态性较好的259个SSR标记对供试群体进行基因型检测,利用Tassel软件中的GLM(Q)方法挖掘与纤维品质指标相关的QTLs,依据表型效应值鉴别优异等位变异位点及典型材料.结果显...     

棉花种质资源光子性状的遗传分析

文章利用来源于不同国家和地区的102份陆地棉材料和85份海岛棉材料分别与陆地棉遗传标准系TM-1和海岛棉毛子品种新海13号杂交,得到陆地棉和海岛棉两种F₁群体,同时从陆地棉F₁群体中随机选取呈隐性性状的材料"库光子"、"SA65"和"陆无絮"后代,配制3个F₂分离群体,用于进一步研究陆地棉和海岛棉光子性状遗传特征。结果表明:（1）同一材料种植于不同生态区,其种子短绒多少存在变化,新疆和海南要少于安阳,说明棉花短绒多少和生态环境有关系;（2）陆地棉光子材料中26份（25.49%）呈显性遗传,8份（7.84%）呈不完全显性遗传,22（21.57%）份呈隐性遗传;海岛棉光子材料中5份（5.88%）呈显性遗传,16份（18.82%）呈部分显性遗传,9份（10.59%）呈隐性遗传。其余为隐性性状或显性性状不明显材料和毛子材料;（3）库光子的光子性状由两对隐性等位基因控制,并且有互补效应;陆无絮的光子性状由两对隐性等位基因控制,基因间呈积加作用;SA65的光子性状由单隐性基因控制。大量光子材料的初步鉴定为深入研究棉花纤维发育和育种利用提供了基础材料和理论依据。     

陆地棉染色体片段代换系（BC5F3和BC5F3︰4）产量和纤维品质性状表现的初步评价

本研究以海岛棉海1为供体亲本,陆地棉中棉所36为轮回亲本构建了一套棉花染色体片段代换系,通过对BC5F3和BC5F3∶4这两个世代材料表型数据的分析,结果显示,同年份中与轮回亲本比较,群体各性状的极差和遗传变异系数都比较大;1942个BC5F3单株群体中衣分最高达49.57%,超轮回亲本比例为71.78%,纤维断裂比强度最高为36.5cN/tex;658个BC5F3∶4株行群体中纤维上半部平均长度最大值32.25mm,超轮回亲本比例为47.57%,断裂比强度最高达到32.2cN/tex,超轮回亲本比例为40.27%;通过相关性分析,主要产量性状和纤维品质性状在两个世代间呈极显著正相关,衣分与纤维长度及强度在群体内呈极显著负相关。这些结果表明,通过高代回交后连续自交得到的染色体片段代换系群体中存在丰富的遗传变异,含有大量具有丰产、纤维品质优异的单株,两个世代材料具有较好的一致性与稳定性;产量和品质同步改良还存在一定难度。本研究为进一步的近等基因系分析、基因克隆、基因聚合效应分析等储备了大量的研究材料。     

转基因抗草甘膦棉栽培地生存竞争能力

【目的】针对我国研发的具有自主知识产权的转EPSPS基因抗除草剂棉花,研究其环境适应和生存竞争能力,以评价其环境安全性,为其生产应用提供依据。【方法】试验在河南安阳中国农业科学院棉花研究所试验农场中进行。以转基因(EPSPS)抗草甘膦棉为试验品种,受体材料和中棉所49为对照品种,在正常管理模式下,对棉花的营养生长、生殖生长、产量因子及纤维品质等指标进行比较。【结果】转基因抗草甘膦棉花在苗期、现蕾期、花铃期和吐絮期的株高均低于受体材料,但差异不显著;花铃期,转基因抗草甘膦棉花每株花蕾数比受体材料少3.58个,差异达到显著水平;但在吐絮期其单株铃数比受体材料多1.1个,且其产量比受体材料高91.4 kg·hm~(-2);转基因抗草甘膦棉花的纤维品质也有一定程度的改善。同时,转基因抗草甘膦棉花上述各项生长指标、产量及纤维品质等均与对照品种中棉所49相当。【结论】转基因抗草甘膦棉花在栽培地环境下可正常生长,未对农业生产造成明显的负面影响和风险。     

134份国外陆地棉种质主要农艺性状与纤维品质性状的遗传多样性分析

为拓宽本地棉花种质基因库,筛选适于作杂交亲本的种质资源,以134份国外棉花种质为试验材料,研究了其主要品质与农艺性状的变异情况、遗传多样性指数、品质性状间的相关性,并以主要农艺与品质性状为指标,对134份种质进行了聚类分析和主成分分析。结果表明,纤维品质性状中整齐度指数的遗传多样性指数(5.16)最高,马克隆值的变异系数(11.96%)最大,农艺性状中霜前衣分的遗传多样性指数(5.42)最高,不孕籽率的变异系数(49.18%)最大,参试种质的遗传多样性丰富;整齐度指数与上半部平均长度、断裂比强度均呈极显著正相关,断裂比强度与上半部平均长度间也呈极显著正相关;10个农艺性状和5个品质性状的主成分分析结果表明,前6个主成分的累计贡献率达75.277%;Ward法聚类将134份参试种质按品质性状分为5类,其中第Ⅱ类群的35份种质棉纤维品质性状表现最好,按农艺性状分为3类,其中第Ⅰ类群的58份种质产量最高。通过综合35份纤维品质优异的种质与58份农艺性状优异的种质筛选出美1870、美1884、FM1830等14份品质与产量俱佳的优异种质。     

利用棉花优质渐渗系进行纤维品质性状和衣分的QTL定位

纤维品质和衣分是棉花育种改良的主要目标性状。为充分挖掘与纤维品质和衣分相关的优异基因资源,利用海岛棉优异纤维渐渗系Sealand(Se)和高产抗逆的陆地棉品种鲁棉研37号(L37)为亲本,构建了包含372个单株的F2群体,进行遗传图谱的构建和QTL定位的研究。从9628对引物中筛选到320对在亲本中具有多态的标记,多态率约为3.32%;连锁分析表明(LOD=6.5),有248个标记位点进入连锁群,分布在26条染色体上,覆盖区间为2347.63 cM,约占棉花基因组的52.76%,平均每条染色体9.54个标记,标记间平均间距为9.50 cM;利用F2群体的棉花纤维品质和衣分数据,共定位到20个与纤维品质性状和衣分相关的QTLs,其中纤维上半部平均长度和整齐度指数各2个,断裂比强度5个,马克隆值和伸长率各4个,衣分3个,贡献率为3.50%～16.82%;与纤维上半部平均长度、断裂比强度和伸长率相关的11个QTLs,增效基因均来自亲本Se,与马克隆值、整齐度指数和衣分相关的9个QTLs,增效基因均来自亲本L37。在D6染色体上鉴定到一个含有纤维上半部平均长度、断裂比强度和马克隆值的QTL簇,该区间包含有148个基因,通过GO富集分析和KEGG富集分析,并结合TM-1的转录组数据,获得了3个可能与纤维发育相关的基因:Gh_D06G0039、Gh_D06G0142和Gh_D06G0145。本研究为棉花纤维品质和衣分性状QTL的精细定位及相关候选基因的筛选奠定了基础。     

基因工程改良棉花纤维品质研究进展

棉花作为世界上重要的经济作物,其纤维品质是衡量棉花品质的重要指标.优良的纤维品质是国内外棉花育种的主要目标之一,面临常规育种改良品质的瓶颈,通过转基因技术改良棉花纤维品质是棉花遗传育种致力研究的重要领域.介绍棉纤维发育相关分子机理研究、棉纤维品质改良功能基因的发掘以及利用基因工程技术改良棉花纤维品质的最新进展,并对今后的研究进行展望.     

Fine-mapping qFS07.1 controlling fiber strength in upland cotton (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Gossypium hirsutum</Emphasis> L.)

Key message

qFS07.1 controlling fiber strength was fine-mapped to a 62.6-kb region containing four annotated genes. RT-qPCR and sequence of candidate genes identified an LRR RLK gene as the most likely candidate.

Abstract

Fiber strength is an important component of cotton fiber quality and is associated with other properties, such as fiber maturity, fineness, and length. Stable QTL qFS07.1, controlling fiber strength, had been identified on chromosome 7 in an upland cotton recombinant inbred line (RIL) population from a cross (CCRI35?×?Yumian1) described in our previous studies. To fine-map qFS07.1, an F₂ population with 2484 individual plants from a cross between recombinant line RIL014 and CCRI35 was established. A total of 1518 SSR primer pairs, including 1062, designed from chromosome 1 of the Gossypium raimondii genome and 456 from chromosome 1 of the G. arboreum genome (corresponding to the QTL region) were used to fine-map qFS07.1, and qFS07.1 was mapped into a 62.6-kb genome region which contained four annotated genes on chromosome A07 of G. hirsutum. RT-qPCR and comparative analysis of candidate genes revealed a leucine-rich repeat protein kinase (LRR RLK) family protein to be a promising candidate gene for qFS07.1. Fine mapping and identification of the candidate gene for qFS07.1 will play a vital role in marker-assisted selection (MAS) and the study of mechanism of cotton fiber development.

     

Genetic mapping and quantitative trait locus analysis of fiber quality traits using a three-parent composite population in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

Composite cross populations (CP) developed from three or more cultivars/lines are frequently used to improve agronomic and economic traits in crop cultivar development programs. Employing CP in linkage map construction and quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping may increase the marker density of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) genetic maps, exploit more adequate gene resources and facilitate marker-assisted selection (MAS). To construct a relatively high-density map and identify QTL associated with fiber quality traits in upland cotton, three elite upland cultivars/lines, Yumian 1, CRI 35 and 7,235, were used to obtain the segregating population, Yumian 1/CRI 35//Yumian 1/7,235. A genetic map containing 978 simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci and 69 linkage groups was constructed; the map spanned 4,184.4 cM, covering approximately 94.1% of the entire tetraploid cotton genome. A total of 63 QTL were detected, explaining 8.1–55.8% of the total phenotypic variance: 11 QTL for fiber elongation, 16 QTL for fiber length, 9 QTL for fiber micronaire reading, 10 QTL for fiber strength and 17 QTL for fiber length uniformity. The genetic map and QTL detected for fiber quality traits are promising for further breeding programs of upland cotton with improved fiber quality.     

Investigation of some yield and fibre quality characteristics of interspecific hybrid (Gossypium hirsutum L. x G. barbadense L.) cotton varieties

Interspecific hybrid cottons (Gossypium hirsutum L. x G. barbadense L.) have great both yield and quality potential. This study was conducted to determine potential yields and quality characteristics of hybrid cotton varieties in southeastern Anatolia region of Turkey. The experiment was set out a completely randomized block design with four replications during 2003 and 2004 at University of Dicle, Faculty of Agriculture Experimental Field. Seven interspecific hybrid cotton varieties (48-08, Sevilla, Europe, Ica, Etna, 14-08 and Acalpi) which were obtained from Israel, and commonly grown varieties in this region, non-hybrid cotton varieties, GW Teks and DP-Opal were used as the materials of the study. Difference among the cultivars was significant for all traits except sympodial branch. Maximum number of boll and lint yield was 20.18 n plant(-1) and 1685.8 kg ha(-1) from interspecific hybrid cotton Ica, while interspecific hybrid cotton Europe recorded the lowest number of boll and lint yield. Interspecific hybrid cotton varieties showed higher value for fibre length, fibre fineness and fibre strength than non-hybrid cotton varieties. The longest fibres were obtained from Acalpi and Etna (34.08 and 33.88 mm), while non-hybrid varieties, DP-Opal and GW-Teks, had the lowest fibre length, 28.50 and 30.03 mm, respectively. The finest fibres obtained from Ica and 48-08 (3.42 and 3.45 mic.), the strongest fibres from Etna and Acalpi (40.07 and 40.23 g tex(-1)), and most elongation fibres from Acalpi (8.00%) and Sevilla (7.45%). Lint yield correlated positive and significant with fiber length.     

Effects of chromosome-specific introgression in upland cotton on fiber and agronomic traits

Interspecific chromosome substitution is among the most powerful means of introgression and steps toward quantitative trait locus (QTL) identification. By reducing the genetic "noise" from other chromosomes, it greatly empowers the detection of genetic effects by specific chromosomes on quantitative traits. Here, we report on such results for 14 cotton lines (CS-B) with specific chromosomes or chromosome arms from G. barbadense L. substituted into G. hirsutum and chromosome-specific F2 families. Boll size, lint percentage, micronaire, 2.5% span length, elongation, strength, and yield were measured by replicated field experiments in five diverse environments and analyzed under an additive-dominance (AD) genetic model with genotype and environment interaction. Additive effects were significant for all traits and dominance effects were significant for all traits except 2.5% span length. CS-B25 had additive effects increasing fiber strength and fiber length and decreasing micronaire. CS-B16 and CS-B18 had additive effects related to reduced yields. The results point toward specific chromosomes of G. barbadense 3-79 as the probable locations of the genes that significantly affect quantitative traits of importance. Our results provided a scope to analyze individual chromosomes of the genome in homozygous and heterozygous conditions and thus detected novel effects of alleles controlling important QTL.     

陆地棉优质纤维渐渗系中外源遗传组分的鉴定与分析

鲁原343是一个渐渗了海岛棉优质纤维基因的陆地棉种质,对其渐渗的优质纤维片段进行鉴定,对利用优质纤维渐渗系改良陆地棉品种的纤维品质具有重要意义。本研究以综合性状优良的转基因抗虫棉鲁棉研22号与鲁原343杂交构建作图群体,利用317对SSR引物对鲁原343和鲁棉研22号进行多态性分析,有24对引物表现多态。利用这些引物进一步和TM-1、优质纤维渐渗片段的供体Ash imoun i作比较,初步鉴定出10个SSR位点与海岛棉渐渗有关。利用这些标记分析(鲁棉研22×鲁原343)F2群体的标记基因型和纤维品质性状的关系,6个标记与纤维品质显著相关,涉及到4条染色体。其中与伸长率相关的标记BNL2986(R2=5.87%)和与长度、细度相关的标记NAU751(R2=6.62%,6.01%)同位于16号染色体的连锁群LG1上,标记间距离为17.7 cM;与纤维成熟度相关的标记BNL3590(R2=8.62%)和与成熟度、伸长率相关的标记BNL3971(R2=15.0%,9.79%)位于2号染色体的连锁群LG3上,标记间距离为4.5 cM;与纤维强度相关的标记BNL3279(R2=8.12%)和与细度相关的标记BNL827(R2=13.94%)分别位于LGD02和25号染色体上。     

Identification of Associated SSR Markers for Yield Component and Fiber Quality Traits Based on Frame Map and Upland Cotton Collections

Detecting QTLs (quantitative trait loci) that enhance cotton yield and fiber quality traits and accelerate breeding has been the focus of many cotton breeders. In the present study, 359 SSR (simple sequence repeat) markers were used for the association mapping of 241 Upland cotton collections. A total of 333 markers, representing 733 polymorphic loci, were detected. The average linkage disequilibrium (LD) decay distances were 8.58 cM (r² > 0.1) and 5.76 cM (r² > 0.2). 241 collections were arranged into two subgroups using STRUCTURE software. Mixed linear modeling (MLM) methods (with population structure (Q) and relative kinship matrix (K)) were applied to analyze four phenotypic datasets obtained from four environments (two different locations and two years). Forty-six markers associated with the number of bolls per plant (NB), boll weight (BW), lint percentage (LP), fiber length (FL), fiber strength (FS) and fiber micornaire value (FM) were repeatedly detected in at least two environments. Of 46 associated markers, 32 were identified as new association markers, and 14 had been previously reported in the literature. Nine association markers were near QTLs (at a distance of less than 1–2 LD decay on the reference map) that had been previously described. These results provide new useful markers for marker-assisted selection in breeding programs and new insights for understanding the genetic basis of Upland cotton yields and fiber quality traits at the whole-genome level.