固氮粪产碱菌谷氨酰胺合成酶的构象变化及调节作用

应用园二色谱测定了粪产碱菌谷氨酰胺合成酶（ＧＳ）各构象,结果表明在Ｇｌｕ培养下ａ螺旋为２８％,β折叠为２２％,无规则卷曲占５０％;而在ＮＨ４＾＋培养下,三者相应为２０％,２０％,６０％。荧光光谱及付立叶红外光谱也证明,两种培养条件下ＧＳ的构象存在着差异。不同氮源对粪产碱菌ＧＳ的形成有显著的影响。高浓度ＮＨ４＾＋培养下ＧＳ合成受到阻遇,而Ｇｌｕ或低浓度ＮＨ４＾＋则对ＧＳ合成无明显的影响。ＮＨ４＾＋培     

固氮粪产碱菌谷氨酰胺合成酶的分离纯化及其特性

联合固氮细菌粪产碱菌Ａ１５０１菌体经超声破碎后,无细胞粗提液以ＰＥＧ－６０００分级沉淀,丙酮沉淀,再经蓝球脂糖亲和层析分离、纯化。获得的纯谷氨酰胺合成酶（ＧＳ）在ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ和４－３０％梯度ＰＡＧＥ上均呈均一的一条带。ＧＳ亚基及整酶分子量分别为５５ＫＤ和６４５ｋＤ,亚基由４５６个氨基酸残基组成。ＧＳ的Ｋｍ值。在以Ｇｌｕ为源的介质中培养时分别为２０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ（Ｇｌｕ）,５０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ（ＡＴＰ     

固氮粪产碱菌谷氨酰胺合成酶的构象变化及调节作用

应用园二色谱测定了粪产碱菌（Ａｌｃａｌｉｇｅｎｅｓｆａｅｃａｌｉｓ）谷氨酰胺合成酶（ＧＳ）各构象,结果表明在Ｇｌｕ培养下α螺旋为２８％,β折叠为２２％,无规则卷曲占５０％;而在ＮＨ~＋_４培养下,三者相应为２０％,２０％,６０％。荧光光谱及付立叶红外光谱也证明,两种培养条件下ＧＳ的构象存在着差异。不同氮源对粪产碱菌ＧＳ的形成有显著的影响。高浓度ＮＨ~＋_４培养下ＧＳ合成受到阻遇,而Ｇｌｕ或低浓度ＮＨ~＋_４则对ＧＳ合成无明显的影响。ＮＨ~＋_４对固氮酶活性瞬间抑制可以被ＧＳ的抑制剂部分消除,但ＧＳ活性也受抑制。     

粪产碱菌nifH启动子与LacZ的融合基因构建及其表达调控

在ｐＲＫ２９０载体上将粪产碱菌固氮酶基因ｎｉｆＨ的启动子与报告基因ＬａｃＺ相融合,获得表达载体ｐＳＫ６,并转导到粪产碱菌Ａ１５０１菌株中,探讨了铵和氧对该启动子的表达调控。结果表明,粪产碱菌ｎｉｆＨ启动子仍受到铵和氧的调节。当铵浓度大于３ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ时,其表达水平大幅度下降,但铵浓度高达４０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ,仍有很低水平表达。而且,带有巴西固氮螺菌ｎｉｆＨ：ｌａｃＺ的粪产碱菌接合子在高铵条件下（４０ｍ     

固氮粪产碱菌谷氨酰胺合成酶的分离纯化及其特性

联合固氮细菌粪产碱菌（Ａｌｃａｌｉｇｅｎｅｓｆａｅｃａｌｉｓ）Ａ１５０１菌体经超声破碎后,无细胞粗提液以ＰＥＧ－６０００分级沉淀,丙酮沉淀,再经蓝琼脂糖（ＢｌｕｅＳｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅＣＬ－６８）亲和层析分离、纯化。获得的纯谷氨酰胺合成酶（ＧＳ）在ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ和４－３０％梯度ＰＡＧＥ上均呈均一的一条带。ＧＳ亚基及整酶分子量分别为５５ｋＤ和６４５ｋＤ,亚基由４５６个氨基酸残基组成。ＧＳ的Ｋｍ值,在以Ｇｌｕ为氮源的介质中培养时分别为２０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ（Ｇｌｕ）,５０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ（ＡＴＰ）和４５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ（ＮＨ~＋_４）;在以ＮＨ~＋_４为氮源的介质中培养时则分别为７０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ（Ｇｌｕ）,４９ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ（ＡＴＰ）和８０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ（ＮＨ~＋_４）,表明ＮＨ~＋_４培养下形成高度腺苷化的ＧＳ对Ｇｌｕ及ＮＨ~＋_４的亲和力有所下降。     

Association ofAlcaligenes faecalis with wetland rice

Alcaligenes faecalis isolated from rice roots is widespread in paddy soil of China. It was found to be a close association with rice.A. faecalis accumulate on the rice root surface, and part of them could enter into the rice root. It can grow in the intercellular space, especially inside the root cells, and multiply and fix dinitrogen there.A. faecalis could synthesize nitrogenase when it was grown in the medium containing a high concentration of ammonia. The mechanisms of association are also discussed.     

Studies on the production of extracellular protease by Alcaligenes faecalis

Alcaligenes faecalis produced extracellular protease when incubated in media containing protein substrates. Enzyme production was found to be influenced by various culture conditions. Enzyme production was growth-associated, expressed linearity with growth and reached a maximum at the end of the growth phase. Carbohydrates and inorganic nitrogen sources could not be utilized by the bacterium for its growth, and organic nitrogen appeared to be a primary determinant in protease production. Enzyme production reached its maximum level of 171.2 U/ml when the culture was incubated at 30 °C at pH 8.0. Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ enhanced the enzyme production. The crude enzyme powder was stable at high alkaline pH and stable upto 6 months at the storage temperature of 0–4 °C. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

光电子和光生空穴对粪产碱杆菌代谢产物的影响

【目的】探讨光催化下纳米TiN对粪产碱杆菌代谢情况的影响。【方法】我们通过分别添加空穴捕获剂及电子捕获剂,使用三维荧光光谱分析比较光生空穴和光电子对粪产碱杆菌(Alcaligenes faecalis)生长代谢的不同作用。【结果】光照条件下,空穴捕获剂组明显生成了较多的类腐殖质类物质,且比其他实验组有更强的NADH的荧光峰出现,峰强度是其他实验组的4到5倍。黑暗条件下,各实验组之间的代谢产物无明显变化。光照条件下的电子捕获剂组比黑暗条件下有更强的类蛋白质类荧光峰。【结论】本文首次报道光电子会促进粪产碱杆菌产生腐殖质类物质,且会产生更多的能量。光生空穴会促进粪产碱杆菌产生蛋白质类物质。     

Nitrification and Denitrification in High-Strength Ammonium by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Alcaligenes faecalis</Emphasis>

Alcaligenes faecalis sp. No. 4, that has the ability of heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification in high-strength ammonium at about 1200 mg-N/l, converted about one-half of removed NH ₄⁺-N to intracellular nitrogen and nitrified only 3% of the removed NH₄⁺. From the nitrogen balance, 40–50% of removed NH₄⁺-N was estimated to be denitrified. Production of N₂ was confirmed by GC-MS and 90% of denitrified products was N₂. The maximum ammonium removal rate, 29 mg-N/l h and its denitrification rate in aerated batch experiments, were 5–40 times higher than those of other bacteria with the same ability.     

Degradation of phenol and phenolic compounds by a defined denitrifying bacterial culture

Phenol, a major pollutant in several industrial waste waters is often used as a model compound for studies on biodegradation. This study investigated the anoxic degradation of phenol and other phenolic compounds by a defined mixed culture of Alcaligenes faecalis and Enterobacter species. The culture was capable of degrading high concentrations of phenol (up to 600 mg/l) under anoxic conditions in a simple minimal mineral medium at an initial cell mass of 8 mg/l. However, the lag phase in growth and phenol removal increased with increase in phenol concentration. Dissolved CO₂ was an absolute requirement for phenol degradation. In addition to nitrate, nitrite and oxygen could be used as electron acceptors. The kinetic constants, maximum specific growth rate _max; inhibition constant, K _i and saturation constant, K _s were determined to be 0.206 h^–1, 113 and 15 mg phenol/l respectively. p-Hydroxybenzoic acid was identified as an intermediate during phenol degradation. Apart from phenol, the culture utilized few other monocyclic aromatic compounds as growth substrates. The defined culture has remained stable with consistent phenol-degrading ability for more than 3 years and thus shows promise for its application in anoxic treatment of industrial waste waters containing phenolic compounds.     

Immobilization of permeabilized whole cell penicillin G acylase from Alcaligenes faecalis using pore matrix crosslinked with glutaraldehyde

The activity of penicillin G acylase from Alcaligenes faecalis increased 7.5-fold when cells were permeabilized with 0.3% (w/v) CTAB. The treated cells were entrapped by polyvinyl alcohol crosslinked with boric acid, and crosslinked with 2% (v/v) glutaraldehyde to increase the stability. The conversion yield of penicillin G to 6-aminopenicillanic acid was 75% by immobilized system in batch reaction. No activity was lost after 15 cycles and about 65% enzyme activity was retained at the end of the 31th cycle.     

Heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification inAlcaligenes faecalis strain TUD

Heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic and anaerobic denitrification byAlcaligenes faecalis strain TUD were studied in continuous cultures under various environmental conditions. Both nitrification and denitrification activities increased with the dilution rate. At dissolved oxygen concentrations above 46% air saturation, hydroxylamine, nitrite and nitrate accumulated, indicating that both the nitrification and denitrification were less efficient. The overall nitrification activity was, however, essentially unaffected by the oxygen concentration. The nitrification rate increased with increasing ammonia concentration, but was lower in the presence of nitrate or nitrite. When present, hydroxylamine, was nitrified preferentially. Relatively low concentrations of acetate caused substrate inhibition (K_I=109 M acetate). Denitrifying or assimilatory nitrate reductases were not detected, and the copper nitrite reductase, rather than cytochrome cd, was present. Thiosulphate (a potential inhibitor of heterotrophic nitrification) was oxidized byA. faecalis strain TUD, with a maximum oxygen uptake rate of 140–170nmol O₂·min^-1·mg prot^-1. Comparison of the behaviour ofA. faecalis TUD with that of other bacteria capable of heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification established that the response of these organisms to environmental parameters is not uniform. Similarities were found in their responses to dissolved oxygen concentrations, growth rate and ammonia concentration. However, they differed in their responses to externally supplied nitrite and nitrate.     

Occurrence of a novel nitrilase,arylacetonitrilase in Alcaligenes faecalis JM3

A novel nitrilase which catalyzes the direct hydrolysis of arylacetonitrile derivatives to the corresponding arylacetic acids has been found in strain JM3, tentatively identified as Alcaligenes faecalis. The addition of isovaleronitrile greatly enhanced the formation of the nitrilase. The culture conditions for the best production of the nitrilase and the substrate specificity of the enzyme are described.     

Molecular cloning, genetic organization of gene cluster encoding phenol hydroxylase and catechol 2,3-dioxygenase in Alcaligenes faecalis IS-46

Alcaligenes faecalis IS-46 can utilize phenol as the sole carbon and energy source at concentration up to 1000 mg/l. In this report we created a cosmid library of this strain and the two clones specifying the whole L-46d type of phenol hydroxylase gene cluster were identified and characterized. Sequence analysis revealed that although the overall gene organization of the clusters was quite similar, few coding sequences differed or were found to have two copies compared with other source organisms. One of these coding sequences showed a good protein sequence similarity to a hypothetical protein and one matched with a regulatory protein of the LysR system. Their putative role in phenol degradation was discussed. Bioinformatic analysis suggested tentative phylogenetic assignments of the retrieved clusters. This work described for first time the complete nucleotide sequence and genetic organization of the whole phenol hydroxylase gene cluster in A. faecalis species.