Étude des variations du nombre et de la répartition des muscles longitudinaux chez Phoronis psammophila Cori

In 21 samples, staggered over 18 months, 1725 composite muscle formulae have been established for Phoronis psammophila Cori. The study of variations of the number and distribution of longitudinal muscle bundles demonstrates the increase of the muscle number (3 or 4) with the age of the animals. This increase is displayed with difficulty because of the interactions of many phenomena, especially reproduction and so statistical tests have not indicated significance. The general and especially mean formulae of different samples do not indicate the increase of the number of muscle bundles with time, as proposed by Emig.     

Dérivés glucosés des acides hydroxycinnamiques de la tomate: Évolution au cours de la vie du fruit et formation in vitro

Glucose derivatives of hydroxycinnamic acids have been identified in tomato fruits either as esters or glucosides, the latter always being the most abundant and increasing during growth and at the time of ripening. These compounds can be synthesized in vitro by a fruit glucosyltransferase from free hydroxycinnamic acids and UDPG; glucosides are always formed in higher amounts than esters.     

Étude de la cytodifférenciation du rein de l'Epinoche femelle après traitement par la méthyltestostérone

Résumé Au microscope électronique, l'action de la méthyltestostérone sur les cellules rénales de l'Epinoche femelle se traduit par une cytodifférenciation conduisant à la formation de cellules glandulaires muqueuses. Elle a lieu simultanément à deux niveaux distincts:Au niveau du tubule proximal, le premier signe visible de cytodifférenciation est une activation du nucléole, accompagnée par une augmentation de taille des cellules. Puis on assiste à un développement de l'ergastoplasme et de l'appareil de Golgi et à l'élaboration de deux types de sécrétions: d'abord des granules de 2000–2500 Å, ensuite des grains de mucigène typiques, qui subissent rapidement une transformation muqueuse.Une cytodifférenciation régressive intervient en même temps. Elle concerne la pinocytose apicale qui disparaît.Au niveau des tubules collecteurs, la cytodifférenciation se traduit par la formation d'un mucus hyalin d'origine golgienne. Elle s'accompagne également d'une disparition de la pinocytose.La méthyltestostérone est capable de provoquer, chez la femelle, une cytodifférenciation rénale identique à celle que l'on observe chez le mâle pendant la période de reproduction. La transformation muqueuse des cellules rénales est donc sous le contrôle de la seule testostérone, qui déclenche au niveau cellulaire un ensemble de processus conduisant à la formation de mucus.Au microscope électronique, on constate que l'élaboration de mucus prêt à l'excrétion est achevée au bout de trois jours dans les tubules proximaux alors que dans les tubules collecteurs elle ne demande que 24 heures.

---

Action of methyl testosterone on the cytodifferentiation of the kidney of the female three-spined Stickleback

Summary At the microscopic level, the action of methyl testosterone on the cells of the kidney of the female three-spined Stickleback gives raise to a cytodifferentiation which leads to the formation of mucous glandular cells. This action is evident at two different levels:At the level of the proximal tubule, the first visible sign of cytodifferentiation is an activation of the nucleolus, accompanied by a growth of the cell size. Then a rapid development of the ergastoplasm and the Golgi apparatus takes place, which leads to the elaboration of two types of secretory particles: granules of 2000–2500 Å in diameter appear first, then typical mucigen granules become visible. These latter undergo a rapid mucous transformation.A regressive cytodifferentiation occurs at the same time. It concerns the apical pinocytosis which disappears in the cells undergoing the glandular differentiation.At the level of the collecting tubules, the cytodifferentiation is characterized by the elaboration of a clear mucus which originates in the Golgi apparatus and migrates to the apex of the cells. A disappearance of the pinocytosis is also noticeable.In the kidney of the female, methyl testosterone induces a cytodifferentiation which is identical to that occuring in the male during the breeding period. So the mucous transformation of renal cells is under the control of a single hormone: the testosterone, which is able to give raise to a succession of phenomena leading to the formation of a mucous secretion.With the electron microscope, it is possible to demonstrate that three days are necessary for the elaboration of the mucus ready to be discharged in the lumen of the renal proximal tubules. In the collecting tubules, the reaction occurs more quickly, after only two days of treatment.

L'auteur tient à remercier Monsieur le Professeur E. Follénius pour ses conseils et son aide précieuse au cours de la réalisation de ce travail.     

Action du CCC et de l'Amo 1618 sur la germination,la croissance et les activités AIA-oxydasique,peroxydasique, catalasique in vitro et in vivo de la racine de la Lentille

Summary Amo 1618 inhibits germination and root growth of Lentil seedlings in the dark and in the light, with some symptoms of toxicity; CCC has no effect.Both CCC and Amo 1618 inhibit the catalase activity of a lentil root extract.Increasing concentrations of Amo 1618 progressively increase the activity of peroxidase and IAA-oxidase in vivo; the catalase activity remains unchanged.The effect of Amo 1618 on root growth can thus be explained by a diminished auxin level mediated by an increased auxin catabolism.The effect of Amo 1618 and that of kinetin on root growth and enzymes are parallet. Gibberellic acid has an opposite effect on auxin catabolism.

---

---

Une partie de ce travail a fait l'objet du mémoire de Licence de J. L. et a été réalisée au Laboratoire de Biochimie végétale de l'Institut de Botanique de Liège.     

Étude des parois de levures du genre Rhodotorula. X. Isolement et purification de glycoprotéines de la paroi de Rhodotorula rubra

Following ethylene diamine treatment of the cell wall of Rhodotorula rubra, a water soluble fraction has been isolated. This fraction can be resolved into three glycoproteins and one protein. The major part is a glycoprotein, purified to homogeneity which has a molecular weight of 64 000. The glyco-part of this protein contains mannose, glucose and one residue of glucosamine. After pronase treatment, the presence of an “Asparaginyl-N-acetylglucosamine” linkage is established by the existence of one aspartic acid residue and one glucosamine residue. After permethylation, the initial data give some evidence that the branching points in the molecule were the carbon atoms 3 and (or) 6 of the mannose moiety and that some glucose moieties are bound to the non-reducing terminal end.     

Étude du comportement alimentaire et des relations trophallactiques des males au sein de la société de guêpes,au moyen d'un radio-isotope

Summary We have showed that the males of active nests fed properly by themselves, whereas in nests toward their completion only the young were capable of doing so. The adults of these last always have a poor or no nutrition. The worker-wasps feed them but with reticence. In compensation, they seem very apt to solicit the regurgitations of the larvæ.So long as the nest remains active and has the benefit of abundant food, the males are likely to draw their own food from various sources, as well as the other inhabitants. But, when the nest is in danger or the young queens appear, the purveyors desert them for the benefit of the other workers, of the queens and their larvæ, as we have in different circumstances showed (Montagner 1963). The principal source of feeding of the males is then essentially in the pursuit of the larval regurgitations. The workers do participate a little pursuit of the larval regurgitations. The workers do participate a little in their feeding, but this very food must be taken out of the portion of the brood.It seems then that the males never acquire to perfection the mechanism of trophallaxy, those stereotyped acts which become reflexes between the workers. These are individuals insufficiently adapted to the social life of the nest, having but few dealings with their workers and living as parasites on the regurgitations of the larvæ. Moreover, we have showed that they are not able to feed the larvæ, even when they are given abundant food and that they feed by themselves (Table XI).

---

Zusammenfassung Wir haben gezeigt, dass die Männchen der aktiven Stöcke sich selbst gut ernähren, während in den älteren Stöcken nur die Jungen dazu fähig sind. Die Erwachsenen dieser letzteren ernähren sich kaum oder gar nicht. Sie werden von den Arbeiterinnen nur ungern gefüttert. Dagegen scheinen sie, sehr fähig zu sein, von den Larven das wiedergekäute Futter zu verlangen.So lange der Stock aktiv bleibt und reichlich mit Futter versorgt wird, sind die Männchen anscheinend in der Lage, wie die andern Bewohner, sich ihr Futter an verschiedenen Stellen zu verschaffen. Wenn aber der Stock sich auflöst oder wenn die Gründerinnen erscheinen, lassen die Versorgerinnen sie in Stich zu güngten der anderen Arbeiterinnen, der Gründerinnen und deren Larven sich die Männchen vor allem vom wiedergekäuten Futter der Larven. Die Arbeiterinnen beteiligen sich wohl ein wenig an der Fütterung der Männchen, diese aber selbst soll vom Futteranteil der Brut genommen werden.Es scheint dann, dass die Männchen den Mechanismus der Trophallaxis, jene stereotypischen Handlungen, die bei den Arbeiterinnen zu Reflexen werden, nie vollkommen erwerben. Das sind Individuen, die dem Gesellschaftsleben des Stockes nicht angepasst sind, die nur wenige Beziehungen zu dem Arbeiterinnen haben und als Schmarotzer vom wiedergekäuten Futter der Larven leben. Wir haben übringens gezeigt, dass sie nicht in der Lage sind, die brut zu füttern, sogar wenn sie reichlich mit Futter versorgt werden oder wenn sie sich selbst ernähren (Tafel XI).

     

Étude de la cohorte nord-finlandaise de 1966: facteurs prédictifs et conséquences de la schizophrénie

Subtle motor, emotional, cognitive and behavioural abnormalities are often present in apparently healthy children and adolescents who later develop schizophrenia. This suggests that some aspects of causation are established long before psychosis becomes manifest. We aim to assess the factors contributing to the development of schizophrenia focusing mainly on genetic factors, pregnancy and delivery complications, early development and scholastic performance, as well as later educational, social and health consequences. This is done by reviewing the Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort, its scientific activities, publications and work in progress.     

Étude des chromosomes de la blastula chez l'axolotl

Résumé Une technique est décrite permettant d'obtenir des images chromosomiques particulièrement favorables fournies par des blastulas d'Axolotl. A partir de ce matériel le caryotype de cette espèce est analysé.Cette étude introduit des problèmes concernant la signification de l'hétérochromatine, ainsi que les rapports entre satellite et nucléoles.

---

Summary A technique is described by which especially clear pictures of the chromosomes in blastulae of Ambystoma mexicanum can be obtained. An analysis of the karyotype is given. This study touches upon problems concerning the significance of heterochromatin and the relation between satellites and nucleoli.

     

Les objets en ivoire des sépultures gravettiennes de la Barma Grande de Grimaldi (Ligurie,Italie). Étude descriptive et technologique

Thirteen ivory objects found associated to two Gravettian burials in the Barma Grande (burial II and III) are housed at present in the Balzi Rossi Museum. They are represented by nine claviform pendants and by four buttons formerly defined as “double-olive pendants”. Their decoration is composed of sets of grooves. The micromorphology of their surface will be described in this paper and some technological implications will be discussed.     

Inhibiteurs anti-trypsine et activités protéolytiques des Albumines de graine de Vigna unguiculata

Summary The extracellular space of tentacles of Drosera capensis L. is divided into two compartments by cuticular material between cells of an endodermoid layer and by the nonporous cuticle of the stalk and neck. The distal compartment includes the mucilaginous secretion as well as the free space of the secretory cap, since the cuticle covering the cap is perforated by numerous 0.05–0.3 m pores. The proximal compartment includes xylem and the intercellular space of the stalk. The existence of the endodermoid partition is consistent with the observation that action potentials recorded extracellularly from the head may be positive-going while those recorded extracellularly from the stalk are negative-going. The partitioning is also consistent with the hypothesis previously proposed to explain why the amplitude of action potentials recorded from the mucilage varies as a function of the amplitude of the receptor potential.The living cells are united by plasmodesmata. Unusually abundant plasmodesmata were observed in the walls between endodermoid cells and neck cells, between neck cells and the next row of outer stalk cells, in the end walls connecting the outer stalk cells, and the end walls connecting the inner stalk cells: these strategically located plasmodesmata presumably permit the electrotonic spread of receptor potentials and action potentials between cells.     

Le role des autorités publiques dans la réalisation de projets de biomethanisation: l'exemple du Ministere de l'Energie du Burundi et sa coopération avec la Belgique,la Chine et la RFA

Résumé Le programme biogaz au Burundi a démarré par la création d'un Département chargé de la mise au point de stratégies de vulgarisation de nouvelles sources d'énergie. Au sein de ce Département on a établi les constats suivants: (1) la nécessité de former des cadres et d'établir un inventaire de la biomasse biodégradable au Burundi; (2) un problème de collecte des déchets et de distribution du gaz et des effluents dû à l'habitat dispersé; (3) l'existence de collectivités (écoles, hôpitaux, casernes); et (4) l'évacuation dans le lac Tanganyka des déchets des usines agro-alimentaires. En conséquence le Burundi a fait appel à trois formes de coopération. Un financement de l'Administration Belge de la Coopération au Développement a permis l'éstablissement d'un centre de démonstration et d'un laboratoire responsables de recherches, cours de formation, démonstration et suivis scientifiques et techniques. Un financement du Gouvernement Burundais permet à trois experts chinois la réalisation de digesteurs pilotes à raison de cinq à six par province. Un financement de la GTZ permet la diffusion de la technologie par le biais de la mise en place d'une structure (bureaux régionaux, formation de techniciens maçons et de multiplicateurs potentiels) et la construction d'installations.

---

Summary The Burundi biogas programme started with the setting up of a new Department with the overall responsibility for the popularization of new sources of energy. The biogas programme started because : (1) it was felt necessary to train staff and to establish an inventory of the biodegradable biomass in Burundi; (2) a largely scattered habitat complicated both the collection of domestic waste and the distribution of gas; (3) there existed large communities like schools, hospitals, etc.; and (4) the fact that Lake Tanganyka was more and more used as a dumping area for the wastes of the agro-industrial industry. Thus three cooperation programmes were started. From Belgium a funding by BADC allowed setting up of a demonstration centre and laboratory to promote research on biomethanation, to train personnel and permit scientific and technical follow-up of biomethanation projects. Three Chinese experts were recruited to help realize pilot digesters in all the provinces. And finally a programme funded by West Germany realized the dissemination of the technology through the country with the training of peasants via local training centres.

---

Resumen El programa de biogas de Burundi empezó con la creación de un nuevo departamento con la misión de popularizar nuevas fuentes de energía. El programa de biogas empezó porque (1) se creyó necesaria la formación de personal y el establecimiento de un inventario de la biomasa biodegradable en Burundi, (2) el hábitat muy desperdigado complica tanto la recolección de basuras domésticas como la distribución de gas, (3) existen comunidades numerosas como escuelas, hospitales etc. y (4) el lago Tanganika se estaba utilizando cada vez más como un basurero para los desechos de la industria agro-industrial. Así pues se iniciaron tres programas de cooperación: Bélgica mediante la financiación del BADC permitió la creación de un centro de demostración y de un laboratorio para promocionar la investigación en biometanación, formar al personal y permitir un seguimiento científico y técnico de los proyectos de biometanación. Se ha obtenido la colaboración de tres expertos chinos para ayundar a la realización de digestores piloto en todas las provincias. Y finalmente un programa financiado por Alemania Occidental se encarga de la distridución de la tecnología por todo el país formando campesinos a través de centros de formación locales.

     

Etude des fluctuations annuelles des copépodes et du phytoplancton dans la manche et le golfe de gascogne par la méthode d'analyse de la variance et du coefficient de correlation

2275 samples have been collected with the Continuous Plankton Recorder of Hardy at a standard depth of 10 meteres in the English Channel and the Bay of Biscay between 1958–1965. Biological as well as statistical analyses have been carried out to provide data on annual fluctuations of 34 species of copepods and phytoplankton. Methods of analysis of variance and the correlation coefficient analysis were used for this purpose. The results are presented in the form of triangular matrices showing the annual fluctuations of species in the different areas considered and the relationship between different species in each area. These methods allowed us to define separate groups of species that could be called annual communities.

---

---

Extrait d'une thèse de Doctorat en Oceanographie biologique, soutenue à la faculté des Sciences de Paris le 19 décembre 1967. Ce travail a été subventionné par the Office of Naval Research, Department of the United States Navy en vertu du contrat No 62558-3612.

---

Extrait d'une thèse de Doctorat en Oceanographie biologique, soutenue à la faculté des Sciences de Paris le 19 décembre 1967. Ce travail a été subventionné par the Office of Naval Research, Department of the United States Navy en vertu du contrat No 62558-3612.     

Étude des biocénoses marines du Cap Corse

Sans résumé