湖南省衡东县发现长指鼠耳蝠

2016年8月27日在湖南省衡阳市衡东县四方山林场仙妃洞（26°58′25″N,113°3′23″E,海拔463 m）采到1只鼠耳蝠标本（1♂）;同年8月29日在金觉峰（26°58′24.4″N,113°3′23.1″E,海拔311 m）采到9只鼠耳蝠标本（4♀,5♂）。上述鼠耳蝠标本形态较小,前臂长33.3 ~ 36.1 mm,其后足长（不包括爪长）长于胫长之半,胫外缘有毛;颅全长13.57 ~ 14.35 mm,头骨粗壮,脑颅圆且较高,明显高过上颌骨。经形态和线粒体Cyt b序列鉴定,确认这10只蝙蝠均为蝙蝠科（Vespertilionidac）鼠耳蝠属（Myotis）的长指鼠耳蝠（M. longipes）,该种为湖南省翼手目分布新记录种,标本（编号,4♀为HUNNU16JJ28、HUNNU16JJ42、HUNNU16JJ43、HUNNU16JJ52,6♂为HUNNU16SF25、HUNNU16JJ05、HUNNU16JJ08、HUNNU16JJ51、HUNNU16JJ58、HUNNU16JJ60）保存于湖南师范大学动物标本室。     

山西祁县发现北京宽耳蝠

我国分布的宽耳蝠包括北京宽耳蝠(Barbastella beijingensis)和东方宽耳蝠(B. darjelingensis)2个物种。东方宽耳蝠在我国分布于内蒙古、新疆、青海、陕西、甘肃、河南、湖南、江西、四川、重庆、云南、贵州、台湾等省(自治区、直辖市),但北京宽耳蝠仅记录于北京。2022年7月于山西省祁县昌源河湿地公园林道中(37°19′15″ N,112°26′18″ E,海拔812 m),采集到1只雄性宽耳蝠。该蝠体型中等,前臂长43.7 mm。双耳在额部相连,外耳廓近方形,横嵴明显,耳廓中部外缘具有较小的耳突,其第三掌骨长大于第四掌骨长大于第五掌骨长。颅全长为14.6 mm,具有强壮的上前臼齿和下前臼齿。以上特征均与北京宽耳蝠相符。头骨特征中,与北京宽耳蝠相比其具有较小的颅基长和颅宽,其余头骨测量参数值均与北京宽耳蝠相近。基于Cyt b和ND1基因序列的系统发育学证据亦支持形态鉴定结果。结合外部形态、头骨参数及分子数据,将山西样本鉴定为北京宽耳蝠,为山西省翼手目分布新记录种。     

浙江发现无尾蹄蝠及其3D头骨图像重建

2019年11月23日,在浙江省丽水市莲都区白云山森林公园1废弃矿洞内（28°29′51″N,119°54′34″E,海拔306 m）采集到蝙蝠标本1号。此蝙蝠主要特征为,前臂长35.4 mm;耳壳半透明,呈圆形漏斗;无尾,股间膜内凹呈“∧”形;背毛基部黑褐色,毛尖赤褐色;翼膜黑褐色。基于形态及分子数据（Cyt b）鉴定为无尾蹄蝠（Coelops frithii）,为浙江省兽类分布新记录种。本研究应用CT扫描和计算机辅助三维图像重建技术,在保证标本完整性的前提下,对其头骨进行CT扫描与三维（3D）图像复原,高清显示了其头部骨骼形态,该技术的应用,是在小型兽类骨骼形态学研究与描述上的有益探索和尝试。     

甘肃碌曲发现黄眉鹀

我国分布的宽耳蝠包括北京宽耳蝠(Barbastella beijingensis)和东方宽耳蝠(B. darjelingensis)2个物种。东方宽耳蝠在我国分布于内蒙古、新疆、青海、陕西、甘肃、河南、湖南、江西、四川、重庆、云南、贵州、台湾等省(自治区、直辖市),但北京宽耳蝠仅记录于北京。2022年7月于山西省祁县昌源河湿地公园林道中(37°19′15″ N,112°26′18″ E,海拔812 m),采集到1只雄性宽耳蝠。该蝠体型中等,前臂长43.7 mm。双耳在额部相连,外耳廓近方形,横嵴明显,耳廓中部外缘具有较小的耳突,其第三掌骨长大于第四掌骨长大于第五掌骨长。颅全长为14.6 mm,具有强壮的上前臼齿和下前臼齿。以上特征均与北京宽耳蝠相符。头骨特征中,与北京宽耳蝠相比其具有较小的颅基长和颅宽,其余头骨测量参数值均与北京宽耳蝠相近。基于Cyt b和ND1基因序列的系统发育学证据亦支持形态鉴定结果。结合外部形态、头骨参数及分子数据,将山西样本鉴定为北京宽耳蝠,为山西省翼手目分布新记录种。     

广东省翼手目新纪录——宽耳犬吻蝠及其回声定位叫声特征

2013年6月和9月在广东省英德市郊碧落洞(24°06'56.9'N,113°21'10.0'E,海拔88 m)分别捕捉到5号和1号蝙蝠标本(均为雌性)。上述蝙蝠体型较大,前臂长60.4~63.3 mm,胫骨长18.0 mm,颅全长24.8 mm,颅基长23.9 mm;耳大,双耳前基部在额部相联,上唇肥厚且具24~26个硬瘤,尾从尾膜后缘伸出一半,毛色土褐,双色;颅骨大,腭缘缺刻深,长大于宽。经鉴定为宽耳犬吻蝠Tadarida insignis,为广东省翼手目新纪录。本文给出了宽耳犬吻蝠的外形和头骨特征,并与来自安徽、山东和日本的标本进行了对比;同时对其回声定位信号进行了分析。标本保存于广东省昆虫研究所。     

湖南衡东发现东亚水鼠耳蝠

2016年8月27日晚间在湖南省衡东县四方山国有林场仙妃洞(26°58′25″N,113°3′23″E,海拔463m)利用雾网采集到2号鼠耳蝠标本(HUNNU16SF16雄性、HUNNU16SF38雌性)。通过外部形态以及Cyt b序列比对,确认这两只鼠耳蝠为东亚水鼠耳蝠(Myotis petax)。此2个体体型较小,头体长分别为49.76 mm与49.93 mm,前臂长分别为40.73 mm和42.40 mm;头骨较小、略低而不显圆滑,上颌向上中等弯曲约30°,脑颅较低,顶部平缓,矢状脊不明显,吻较发达,宽度超过眶间宽,颧弓纤细,宽度明显超过后头宽,头骨后部略显浑圆而稍外凸;阴茎骨较长,1.088 mm,宽度为0.742 mm。此记录为湖南省翼手目分布新记录,标本保存于湖南师范大学脊椎动物标本馆。     

河南济源发现亚洲宽耳蝠

2016年2月于河南省济源市邵原镇引水渠黄背角村段(35°15′8.4″N,112°6′34.5″E,海拔658 m),采集到1只冬眠的雄性宽耳蝠。其前臂长40.4 mm,外耳廓近方形,具明显横嵴,并在额部相连,无耳突,耳屏呈三角形;头骨较扁平,颅全长为14.9 mm;齿式为2.1.2.3/3.1.2.3=34。通过外部形态、头骨参数、分子数据(Cyt b和ND1基因)比对,鉴定为亚洲宽耳蝠(Barbastella leucomelas),是河南省翼手目分布新纪录,标本现保存于河南理工大学资源环境学院。     

山东省翼手目一新纪录——宽耳犬吻蝠

在山东省济南市长清区张夏镇发现宽耳犬吻蝠(Tadarida teniotis).本文详细描述了5只蝙蝠的形态特征,并与安徽、台湾、非洲和云南样本的体型及头骨参数进行了比较.宽耳犬吻蝠为山东省新纪录.     

湖南省衡东县发现大卫鼠耳蝠

2015年7月26日于湖南省衡东县四方山仙妃洞(26°58′24.93″N,113°3′23.03″E,海拔641 m)捕到1只雌性蝙蝠。该蝙蝠体型较小,前臂长34.54 mm,后足长超过胫长的一半;通体黑褐色,被毛毛尖染有淡棕色,腹毛由前而后淡棕色毛尖逐渐增加,到腹后部几乎形成淡棕色区;颅全长13.34 mm,齿式为2.1.3.3/3.1.3.3=38,初步鉴定为大卫鼠耳蝠(Myotis davidii)。基于线粒体Cyt b基因1 140 bp序列对上述标本与大卫鼠耳蝠不同种群进行系统发育分析,大卫鼠耳蝠是一个单起源的谱系,其种群形成了广东、广西一个支系和江苏、安徽、浙江、湖南、重庆另一个支系,其中,江苏种群和广西种群之间的遗传距离最远。通过形态特征和线粒体Cyt b基因序列鉴定,确认此标本为蝙蝠科(Vespertilionidac)鼠耳蝠属的大卫鼠耳蝠。标本保存于湖南师范大学脊椎动物标本馆。     

江西省翼手目新记录-绯鼠耳蝠

绯鼠耳蝠(Myotis formosus)采自江西吉安井冈山市梨坪村石燕洞(26°35′99″N,114°12′46″E)。该地区年平均气温14℃,年均降雨量1865mm,属中亚热带湿润性气候。当地日落时间19∶20。该地植被覆盖率高达70%以上,生物资源丰富,主要以毛竹(Phyllostachys hterocycla)、杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)和木荷(SchimaSuperba)为主,其中毛竹为优势种群。在江西发现绯鼠耳蝠的分布,丰富了该物种在中国的分布,为进一步的研究和保护提供基本依据。1研究方法1·1样本采集和鉴定傍晚19∶00左右,在石燕洞洞口张网捕捉蝙蝠,然后进行体形和头骨测量。…     

Reconstitution de la végétation et du paléoclimat à partir de charbons de bois prélevés sur les sites du Paléolithique dans la région de Jungwon en Corée

Hundreds samples of the charcoals and waterlogged woods excavated from three late Paleolithic sites (Suyanggae, Gunang-gul and Sorori) in the Jungwon Region in Korea were analyzed to reconstruct the vegetation and paleoclimate in the region. Analyzed charcoal samples from the Suyanggae site show that the climate was cold in the lower part and it became more warm and dry in the upper part. From the Gunang-gul site, only Picea spp. was identified, indicating cool climates. From the Sorori site, two species were found; Alnus spp. (95%) and Ulmus spp. (5%). No conifers were discovered. The species composition indicates that the climate condition of central Korean peninsula around 8,800 BP was little cooler and wetter condition.     

Dynamic data replacement and adaptive scheduling policies in spark

Improper data replacement and inappropriate selection of job scheduling policy are important reasons for the degradation of Spark system operation speed, which directly causes the performance degradation of Spark parallel computing. In this paper, we analyze the existing caching mechanism of Spark and find that there is still more room for optimization of the existing caching policy. For the task structure analysis, the key information of Spark tasks is taken out to obtain the data and memory usage during the task runtime, and based on this, an RDD weight calculation method is proposed, which integrates various factors affecting the RDD usage and establishes an RDD weight model. Based on this model, a minimum weight replacement algorithm based on RDD structure analyzing is proposed. The algorithm ensure that the relatively more valuable data in the data replacement process can be cached into memory. In addition, the default job scheduling algorithm of the Spark framework considers a single factor, which cannot form effective scheduling for jobs and causes a waste of cluster resources. In this paper, an adaptive job scheduling policy based on job classification is proposed to solve the above problem. The policy can classify job types and schedule resources more effectively for different types of jobs. The experimental results show that the proposed dynamic data replacement algorithm effectively improves Spark's memory utilization. The proposed job classification-based adaptive job scheduling algorithm effectively improves the system resource utilization and shortens the job completion time.

     

« Flûte » et pointes de la Grosse Badlhöhle, Autriche

The Grosse Badlhöhle (Austria, Steiermark) is the origin of one of the most perfect bone points of the early Aurignacian and one of the best perforated femurs of the same period, which can be regarded as musical instruments. Two other fragments of points raise intriguing questions on the first Homo sapiens sapiens which cannot be solved today but will contribute to future research. A review on the debate of Palaeolithic flutes will follow with experimental proofs of boring artificial holes with high quality pictures on the blow-hole and the lack of gnawing traces on the opposite face. The musical possibility of an instrument with only one hole is discussed with ethnographic analogies. Hafting, optimal conditions of strength and possible use of arrows will close the discussion on the Badlhöhle bone artefacts.     

Comparaison de l'expression de certains caractères crâniens sur les hominidés chinois du Pléistocène récent et de l'Holocène (grotte supérieure de Zhoukoudian, sites de Longxian et de Yanqing)

The human remains recovered from “Grotte supérieure de Zhoukoudian” are the best-preserved Late Pleistocene human fossils in East Asia. For decades, as the representative of the Late Pleistocene human in East Asia, the Upper Cave skulls have been playing important role in the research of origins of modern Mongoloids and American Indians. With the advance of the origin and evolution of modern humans, more attention has been paid to the details and the mechanisms for the late Pleistocene human evolution and the formation of modern human populations. Both the origin and diversification of modern humans have been stressed. Some studies further trigger the debaters on the Upper Cave Man concerning its evolutionary level and its role in the formation of modern human populations in East Asia. To further explore these problems, we examined and compared 12 non-metric features on the 3 Late Pleistocene Upper Cave skulls and 162 Holocene individuals earthed from two archaeological sites of North China (Longxian and Yanqing). Our results indicate that 8 on the 12 features have different expression patterns between Upper Cave Man and recent Chinese leading the authors to believe that more primitive expressions appeared on the Upper Cave Man than on recent Chinese populations. Based on these findings, some problems on the intragroup variation in Late Pleistocene and Holocene populations are discussed.     

Conception et exécution de bases de données intégrées pour l'analyse des rapports spatiotemporels des artefacts du Paléolithique

The archaeologists excavate the historic site and analyze data from the excavation site. Therefore, they study about the past affairs and circumstances unknown to the world. These data are composed of stones, plants, bones and geological features, which are stored in separate files according to the fields of study. It is important to mention that this information become the first step toward the solution of some hypothesis in Archaeology. Therefore, we need the system that can not only support integrated environment to find clues of the past, but also manage existing artifact data systematically and grasp relationships among the data. In this paper, we modeled the time, which is used in archaeology and geology, and built an entity relationship database to store Paleolithic data excavated in Jungwon region site of the Republic of Korea as one resource, which seem to give a base for integrated research and relationships in archaeology. In addition, we developed the Graphic User Interface that allows various users to connect to the established system through the web.     

L'hominidé du Pléistocène supérieur en Corée

Since the middle of 1970s, one rock-shelter, six caves and one open archaeological site have yielded several hominid fossils. Among them, fossils from Yonggok, Mandal, Sangsi and Hungsu cave sites are useful to reconstruct the general shape of the Upper Pleistocene Hominids in Korea. The main study of this paper is to focus on the reconstruction of the general shape of the upper Pleistocene hominids, and to examine the cause of cranial changes from the late upper Paleolithic to Mesolithic period in Korea. Biomechanical principles are also applied to reconstruct the social activity of the upper Paleolithic man in Korea. In addition, it is assumed that main proponent of Paleolithic cultures in Korea might be Homo sapiens rather than any other species. Based on the anatomical characteristics of skull, the axillary border of the scapular and the midshaft of the femur, general appearance of Homo sapiens during the Pleistocene in Korea could be reconstructed.     

La stratigraphie du Pléistocène supérieur et le Paléolithique en Corée

In Korea, Quaternary deposits are characterized by marine and fluvial terrace deposits, commonly found in the coastal areas and at the sides of river valleys. The major terraces are classified into 5 different levels, i.e., alluvial plain (3-5 m asl), lower terrace (10-25 m asl), middle terrace (33-50 m asl), high terrace (55-85 m asl), and highest terrace (90-160 m asl). They were formed by the repetition of sedimentation and erosion due to sea level fluctuation and uplifting along the coastal areas during Quaternary period. The formation age of the lower marine terraces at the level of 10-20 m is interpreted to be the last interglacial (75-125 Ka, MIS = 5a-5e). The middle coastal terrace gravels distributed at the level of about 33-45 m above mean sea level and are to be formed before the last interglacial. Above coastal terrace deposits, slope deposits and paleosol layers are overlain and freezing and thawing crackings were developed in them. Major prehistory archaeological sites in the coastal areas are found in the slope deposits formed during last glaciations. The upper parts of the slope deposits are typified by paleosol layers with typical frost cracks (soil wedges) and frangipanes. As geochronological bases for subdividing Paleolithic cultures, two typical paleosol layers are useful because they are mostly found and imprinted with several horizons of frost cracks or soil wedges. The uppermost crack structures were formed under the boreal-periglacial climatic regime during the last glacial period of extremely cold-dry climate in Korea. The upper pedogenetic sediments containing frost cracks or soil wedges were formed between 24 and 17 Ka in many Paleolithic profiles. The lowermost paleosol layer with frost cracks (soil wedge), strongly attacked into hillslope sediments or last interglacial saprolite layers on the weathered basement rocks, were detected at least as old as 59-74,000 Ka. Lastly upper Paleolithic cultural layers were found in the young fluvial deposits, which had been formed since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Some of them were particularly continued as late as the Pleistocene-Holocene Transition Period.     

Évolution de la préhension chez les primates humains et non humains : la précision et l'utilisation d'outils revisitées

The term “precision”, involving the contact between the tips of thumb and the index is generally attributed to humans, tool use and associated with morphological criteria. Identified in fossils, those criteria are used to assert that they manipulated tools. Observations of 69 individuals belonging to Catarrhines and Platyrrhines allowed us to quantify surfaces of fingers used during simple tasks of grasping both small and large objects, as well as during complex tasks of proto-tool and tool use. We concluded that precision grasping is not peculiar to humans and that it is not systematically linked to tool use. These results allowed us to discuss morphological traits used till now to deduce precision and tool use from the fossils. Besides, our analyses let appear a recurrent proximity between the capuchins and the humans, species distant in a phylogenetic point of view, suggesting the possible existence of functions and close behaviours in spite of great genetic distinctions.     

Le groupe des « bisons adossés » de Lascaux. Étude de la technique de l'artiste par analyse des pigments

The painting matter of the “back to back bison's panel” of Lascaux was examined and analysed by electron microscopy in order to understand the know-how of Magdalenian artists. The observation of several samples coming from specific areas of the two bisons give an access to the nature of the used pigments, to the preparation mode used to obtain various colours and also to the application mode. Thanks to this physicochemical approach, we can make hypotheses about the mind and the gestures of the artists.