共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
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María José Herrera-Medina María Isabel Tamayo Horst Vierheilig Juan Antonio Ocampo José Manuel García-Garrido 《Journal of Plant Growth Regulation》2008,27(3):221-230
The role of the jasmonate signalling pathway in modulating the establishment of the arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) symbiosis between
tomato plants and Glomus intraradices fungus was studied. The consequences of AM formation due to the blockage of the jasmonate signalling pathway were studied
in experiments with plant mutants impaired in JA perception. The tomato jai-1 mutant (jasmonic acid insensitive 1) failed to regulate colonization and was more susceptible to fungal infection, showing
accelerated colonization. The frequency and the intensity of fungal colonization were greatly increased in the jai-1 insensitive mutant plants. In parallel, the systemic effects on mycorrhization due to the activation of the jasmonate signalling
pathway by foliar application of MeJA were evaluated and histochemical and molecular parameters of mycorrhizal intensity and
efficiency were measured. Histochemical determination of fungal infectivity and fungal alkaline phosphatase activity reveal
that the systemic application of MeJA was effective in reducing mycorrhization and mainly affected fungal phosphate metabolism
and arbuscule formation, analyzed by the expression of GiALP and the AM-specific gene LePT4, respectively. The results of the present study clearly show that JA participates in the susceptibility of tomato to infection
by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and it seems that arbuscular colonization in tomato is tightly controlled by the jasmonate
signalling pathway. 相似文献
3.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are obligate symbionts dependent for completion of their life cycle on plant carbohydrates,
which they trade for mineral nutrients. Plant colonization by AM fungi is therefore expected to induce profound changes in
plant carbon metabolism. We have previously observed that on one hand starch accumulation increases in responses to pre-symbiotic
fungal signals and on the other hand, it decreases in mycorrhizal Lotus japonicus roots (Gutjahr et al. in New Phytol 183:53–61, 2009). To examine the importance of starch metabolism for AM development, we took advantage of a novel series of Lotus japonicus mutants impaired either in starch degradation or in synthesis. Normal AM colonization in all mutants indicated that defects
in starch metabolism do not affect AM development and that carbohydrates can be supplied to the AM fungus without a requirement
for starch synthesis. Furthermore, our experiments allowed us to characterize root starch dynamics in detail and point to
continued turnover of starch in the degradation mutants in the presence of mycorrhiza. 相似文献
4.
Elena Kuznetsova Pascale M. A. Seddas-Dozolme Christine Arnould Marie Tollot Diederik van Tuinen Alexey Borisov Silvio Gianinazzi Vivienne Gianinazzi-Pearson 《Mycorrhiza》2010,20(6):427-443
The arbuscular mycorrhiza association results from a successful interaction between genomes of the plant and fungal symbiotic
partners. In this study, we analyzed the effect of inactivation of late-stage symbiosis-related pea genes on symbiosis-associated
fungal and plant molecular responses in order to gain insight into their role in the functional mycorrhizal association. The
expression of a subset of ten fungal and eight plant genes, previously reported to be activated during mycorrhiza development,
was compared in Glomus intraradices-inoculated wild-type and isogenic genotypes of pea mutated for the PsSym36, PsSym33, and PsSym40 genes where arbuscule formation is inhibited or fungal turnover modulated, respectively. Microdissection was used to corroborate
arbuscule-related fungal gene expression. Molecular responses varied between pea genotypes and with fungal development. Most
of the fungal genes were downregulated when arbuscule formation was defective, and several were upregulated with more rapid
fungal development. Some of the plant genes were also affected by inactivation of the PsSym36, PsSym33, and PsSym40 loci, but in a more time-dependent way during root colonization by G. intraradices. Results indicate a role of the late-stage symbiosis-related pea genes not only in mycorrhiza development but also in the
symbiotic functioning of arbuscule-containing cells. 相似文献
5.
The sucrose transporter SlSUT2 from tomato interacts with brassinosteroid functioning and affects arbuscular mycorrhiza formation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Michael Bitterlich Undine Krügel Katja Boldt‐Burisch Philipp Franken Christina Kühn 《The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology》2014,78(5):877-889
Mycorrhizal plants benefit from the fungal partners by getting better access to soil nutrients. In exchange, the plant supplies carbohydrates to the fungus. The additional carbohydrate demand in mycorrhizal plants was shown to be balanced partially by higher CO2 assimilation and increased C metabolism in shoots and roots. In order to test the role of sucrose transport for fungal development in arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) tomato, transgenic plants with down‐regulated expression of three sucrose transporter genes were analysed. Plants that carried an antisense construct of SlSUT2 (SlSUT2as) repeatedly exhibited increased mycorrhizal colonization and the positive effect of plants to mycorrhiza was abolished. Grafting experiments between transgenic and wild‐type rootstocks and scions indicated that mainly the root‐specific function of SlSUT2 has an impact on colonization of tomato roots with the AM fungus. Localization of SISUT2 to the periarbuscular membrane indicates a role in back transport of sucrose from the periarbuscular matrix into the plant cell thereby affecting hyphal development. Screening of an expression library for SlSUT2‐interacting proteins revealed interactions with candidates involved in brassinosteroid (BR) signaling or biosynthesis. Interaction of these candidates with SlSUT2 was confirmed by bimolecular fluorescence complementation. Tomato mutants defective in BR biosynthesis were analysed with respect to mycorrhizal symbiosis and showed indeed decreased mycorrhization. This finding suggests that BRs affect mycorrhizal infection and colonization. If the inhibitory effect of SlSUT2 on mycorrhizal growth involves components of BR synthesis and of the BR signaling pathway is discussed. 相似文献
6.
Tavasolee A Aliasgharzad N Salehi GR Mardi M Asgharzadeh A Akbarivala S 《Current microbiology》2011,63(2):107-114
Legume roots in nature are usually colonized with rhizobia and different arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) species. Light
microscopy that visualizes the presence of AMF in roots is not able to differentiate the ratio of each AMF species in the
root and nodule tissues in mixed fungal inoculation. The purpose of this study was to characterize the dominant species of
mycorrhiza in roots and nodules of plants co-inoculated with mycorrhizal fungi and rhizobial strains. Glomus intraradices (GI), Glomus mosseae (GM), their mix (GI + GM), and six Mesorhizobium ciceri strains were used to inoculate chickpea. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to assess occupancy
of these fungal species in roots and nodules. Results showed that GI molecular ratio and relative density were higher than
GM in both roots and nodules. These differences in molecular ratio and density between GI and GM in nodules were three folds
higher than roots. The results suggested that M. ciceri strains have different effects on nodulation and mycorrhizal colonization pattern. Plants with bacterial S3 and S1 strains
produced the highest root nodulation and higher fungal density in both the roots and nodules. 相似文献
7.
Changes in plastid proteome and structure in arbuscular mycorrhizal roots display a nutrient starvation signature
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Zeina Daher Ghislaine Recorbet Katalin Solymosi Stefanie Wienkoop Arnaud Mounier Dominique Morandi Jeannine Lherminier Daniel Wipf Eliane Dumas‐Gaudot Benoît Schoefs 《Physiologia plantarum》2017,159(1):13-29
During arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis, arbuscule‐containing root cortex cells display a proliferation of plastids, a feature usually ascribed to an increased plant anabolism despite the lack of studies focusing on purified root plastids. In this study, we investigated mycorrhiza‐induced changes in plastidic pathways by performing a label‐free comparative subcellular quantitative proteomic analysis targeted on plastid‐enriched fractions isolated from Medicago truncatula roots, coupled to a cytological analysis of plastid structure. We identified 490 root plastid protein candidates, among which 79 changed in abundance upon mycorrhization, as inferred from spectral counting. According to cross‐species sequence homology searches, the mycorrhiza‐responsive proteome was enriched in proteins experimentally localized in thylakoids, whereas it was depleted of proteins ascribed predominantly to amyloplasts. Consistently, the analysis of plastid morphology using transmission electron microscopy indicated that starch depletion associated with the proliferation of membrane‐free and tubular membrane‐containing plastids was a feature specific to arbusculated cells. The loss of enzymes involved in carbon/nitrogen assimilation and provision of reducing power, coupled to macromolecule degradation events in the plastid‐enriched fraction of mycorrhizal roots that paralleled lack of starch accumulation in arbusculated cells, lead us to propose that arbuscule functioning elicits a nutrient starvation and an oxidative stress signature that may prime arbuscule breakdown. 相似文献
8.
Renato Peretto Paola Bonfante Vittorio Bettini Francesco Favaron Paolo Alghisi 《Mycorrhiza》1995,5(3):157-163
Polygalacturonase activity and location were analysed in leek roots (Allium porrum L.) colonized by Glomus versiforme (Karst.) Berch, an arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus. Polygalacturonase activity in mycorrhizal roots did not differ quantitatively from that found in nonmycorrhizal roots on all of the four harvesting dates. Fractionation of mycorrhizal root extracts by ion-exchange chromatography showed that expression of polygalacturonase was specific to the mutualistic association. Immunofluorescence and immunogold experiments were carried out to locate the polygalacturonase in mycorrhizal roots using a polyclonal antibody raised against a Fusarium moniliforme endopolygalacturonase. Immunolabelling was observed all over the arbuscules (intracellular fungal structures) but particularly at the interface between the arbuscule and the plant membrane. Since pectins are located in this area, we suggest that polygalacturonase produced during the symbiosis could play a role in plant pectin degradation. 相似文献
9.
【目的】揭示脱落酸(ABA)对丛枝菌根(AM)真菌侵染和产孢的影响,建立利用外源ABA促进孢子产量的高效菌剂扩繁方法。【方法】利用番茄毛状根和AM真菌Rhizophagus irregularis DAOM 197198建立双重培养体系,通过外源施用ABA、赤霉素(GA)或者使用ABA、GA的缺陷突变体,染色观察菌根侵染,荧光定量PCR测定丛枝发育和脂质合成运输相关基因的表达,统计丛枝和孢子的数量,从而揭示ABA对AM真菌侵染和产孢的影响。【结果】ABA缺陷突变体not中的F%(侵染频率)、a%(丛枝丰度)、丛枝数量,以及丛枝发育特异性相关基因EXO70A1-like (LOC101253481)、脂质合成运输相关基因RAM2和STR2的表达均显著低于其野生型MT;外源施用ABA显著促进了F%、M%(侵染强度)、丛枝数量、孢子产量,以及脂质合成运输相关基因RAM2和STR2的表达,外源添加ABA处理的孢子产量约为不添加处理的4.5倍;外源GA处理极显著抑制了菌根侵染的所有指标和孢子产量;GA缺陷突变体gib3与其野生型MM的AM真菌侵染之间没有显著差异,但gib3的孢子产量显著高于MM... 相似文献
10.
Effects of anthracene on development of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus and contribution of the symbiotic association to pollutant dissipation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Verdin A Lounès-Hadj Sahraoui A Fontaine J Grandmougin-Ferjani A Durand R 《Mycorrhiza》2006,16(6):397-405
The influence of anthracene, a low molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), on chicory root colonization by Glomus intraradices and the effect of the root colonization on PAH degradation were investigated in vitro. The fungus presented a reduced development of extraradical mycelium and a decrease in sporulation, root colonization, and spore germination when exposed to anthracene. Mycorrhization improved the growth of the roots in the medium supplemented containing 140 mg l−1 anthracene, suggesting a positive contribution of G. intraradices to the PAH tolerance of roots. Anthracene disappearance from the culture medium was quantified; results suggested that nonmycorrhizal chicory roots growing in vitro were able to contribute to anthracene dissipation, and in addition, that mycorrhization significantly enhanced anthracene dissipation. These monoxenic experiments demonstrated a positive contribution of the symbiotic association to anthracene dissipation in the absence of other microorganisms. In addition to anthracene dissipation, intracellular accumulation of anthracene was detected in lipid bodies of plant cells and fungal hyphae, indicating intracellular storage capacity of the pollutant by the roots and the mycorrhizal fungus. 相似文献
11.
A. Martins Margarida Santos Helena Santos Maria Salomé Pais 《Trees - Structure and Function》1999,13(3):168-172
31P-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) was used to assess phosphate distribution in ectomycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal roots of
Castanea sativa Mill. as well as in the mycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus tinctorius in order to gain insight into phosphate trafficking in these systems. The fungus P. tinctorius accumulated high levels of polyphosphates during the rapid phase of growth. Mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal roots accumulate
orthophosphate. Only mycorrhizal roots presented polyphosphates. The content in polyphosphates increased along the 3 months
of mycorrhiza formation. In mycorrhizal roots of plants cultured under axenic conditions, the orthophosphate pool decreased
along the culture time. In nonmycorrhizal roots the decrease in the orthophosphate content was less pronounced. The level
of orthophosphate in mycorrhizal roots was significantly lower than in nonmycorrhizal ones, which indicates that this system
relies upon the fungal polyphosphates as a major source of phosphate.
Received: 28 July 1998 / Accepted: 21 October 1998 相似文献
12.
In arbuscular mycorrhizas, H+-ATPase is active in the plant membrane around arbuscules but absent from plant mutants defective in arbuscule development
(Gianinazzi-Pearson et al. 1995, Can J Bot 73: S526–S532). The proton-pumping H+-ATPase is encoded by a family of genes in plants. Immunocytochemical studies and promoter-gusA fusion assays were performed in transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) to determine whether the periarbuscular enzyme activity results from de-novo activation of plant genes by an arbuscular
mycorrhizal fungus. The H+-ATPase protein was localized in the plant membrane around arbuscule hyphae. The enzyme was absent from non-colonized cortical
cells. Regulation of seven H+-ATPase genes (pma) was compared in non-mycorrhizal and mycorrhizal roots by histochemical detection of β-glucuronidase (GUS) activity. Two
genes (pma2, pma4) were induced in arbuscule-containing cells of mycorrhizal roots but not in non-mycorrhizal cortical tissues or senescent
mycorrhiza. It is concluded that de-novo H+-ATPase activity in the periarbuscular membrane results from selective induction of two H+-ATPase genes, which can have diverse roles in plant-fungal interactions at the symbiotic interface.
Received: 23 October 1999 / Accepted: 7 February 2000 相似文献
13.
Gao LL Knogge W Delp G Smith FA Smith SE 《Molecular plant-microbe interactions : MPMI》2004,17(10):1103-1113
The expression of defense-related genes was analyzed in the interactions of six arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi with the roots of wild-type tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cv. 76R and of the near-isogenic mycorrhiza-defective mutant rmc. Depending on the fungal species, wild-type tomato forms both major morphological AM types, Arum and Paris. The mutant rmc blocks the penetration of the root surface or invasion of the root cortex by most species of AM fungi, but one fungus has been shown to develop normal mycorrhizas. In the wild-type tomato, accumulation of mRNA representing a number of defense-related genes was low in Arum-type interactions, consistent with findings for this AM morphotype in other plant species. In contrast, Paris-type colonization, particularly by members of the family Gigasporaceae, was accompanied by a substantial transient increase in expression of some defense-related genes. However, the extent of root colonization did not differ significantly in the two wild-type AM morphotypes, suggesting that accumulation of defense gene products per se does not limit mycorrhiza development. In the mutant, interactions in which the fungus failed to penetrate the root lacked significant accumulation of defense gene mRNAs. However, phenotypes in which the fungus penetrated epidermal or hypodermal cells were associated with an enhanced and more prolonged gene expression. These results are discussed in relation to the mechanisms that may underlie the specificity of the interactions between AM fungi and the rmc mutant. 相似文献
14.
Mycorrhizal short roots of Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud colonized by Suillus variegatus (Sow. ex Fr.) O. Kuntze or Paxillus involutus (Batsch) Fr. were collected 1–>60 days after fungal contact. The proteins of the inoculated roots were extracted, electrophoretically
separated, blotted and immunostained for α-tubulin and actin. The development of the mycorrhiza was also followed microscopically.
The signal of plant α-tubulin was stronger than the signal of fungal α-tubulin during the first 5 days in S. variegatus mycorrhiza and was then exceeded by fungal α-tubulin. This correlated well with the increase of fungal mycelium in the mycorrhiza.
A transient drop in both plant and fungal α-tubulin signals was observed 20 days after fungal contact, suggesting a change
in the metabolism of the mycorrhiza. The signals for plant and fungal actins in the mycorrhiza increased steadily during early
infection and then remained at a high level as the mycorrhiza matured. Similar trends were observed in P. contorta–P. involutus mycorrhiza. The data from P. contorta–S.variegatus mycorrhizas suggests that α-tubulin is a growth-related protein, subject to changes, while the amount of actin reflects the
general metabolic activity of the mycorrhiza. In both mycorrhizal systems clear α-tubulin and actin signals were detected
60 days after colonization, which indicates that the mycorrhizas were metabolically active in spite of their withered appearance.
Accepted: 6 May 1996 相似文献
15.
Rivera-Becerril F Calantzis C Turnau K Caussanel JP Belimov AA Gianinazzi S Strasser RJ Gianinazzi-Pearson V 《Journal of experimental botany》2002,53(371):1177-1185
The role of arbuscular mycorrhiza in reducing Cd stress was investigated in three genotypes of Pisum sativum L. (cv. Frisson, VIR4788, VIR7128), grown in soil/sand pot cultures in the presence and absence of 2-3 mg kg(-1) bioavailable Cd, and inoculated or not with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices. Shoot, root and pod biomass were decreased by Cd in non-mycorrhizal plants. The presence of mycorrhiza attenuated the negative effect of Cd so that shoot biomass and activity of photosystem II, based on chlorophyll a fluorescence, were not significantly different between mycorrhizal plants growing in the presence or absence of the heavy metal (HM). Total P concentrations were not significantly different between mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants treated with Cd. From 20-50-fold more Cd accumulated in roots than in shoots of Cd-treated plants, and overall levels were comparable to other metal-accumulating plants. Genetic variability in Cd accumulation existed between the pea genotypes. Concentration of the HM was lowest in roots of VIR4788 and in pods of VIR4788 and VIR7128. G. intraradices inoculation decreased Cd accumulation in roots and pods of cv. Frisson, whilst high concentrations were maintained in roots and pods of mycorrhizal VIR7128. Shoot concentrations of Cd increased in mycorrhizal cv. Frisson and VIR4788. Sequestration of Cd in root cell walls and/or cytoplasm, measured by EDS/SEM, was comparable between non-mycorrhizal pea genotypes but considerably decreased in mycorrhizal cv. Frisson and VIR7128. Possible mechanisms for mycorrhiza buffering of Cd-induced stress in the pea genotypes are discussed. 相似文献
16.
M. Victoria Novas Leopoldo J. Iannone Alicia M. Godeas Daniel Cabral 《Mycological Progress》2009,8(1):75-81
The interaction between mycorrhiza and leaf endophytes (Neotyphodium sp.) was studied in three Poa bonariensis populations, a native grass, differing significantly in endophyte infection. The association between endophytes and mycorrhizal
fungi colonisation was assessed by analysing plant roots collected from the field. We found that roots from endophyte-infected
populations showed a significantly higher frequency of colonisation by mycorrhizal fungi and that soil parameters were not
related to endophyte infection or mycorrhiza colonization. In addition, we did not observe significant differences in the
number of AM propagules in soils of the three populations sites. We also report the simultaneous development of Paris-type and Arum-type mycorrhiza morphology within the same root systems of P. bonariensis. The co-occurrence of both colonisation types in one and the same root system found in the three populations, which differed
in Neotyphodium infection, suggests that foliar endophytes do not determine AM morphology. The percentage of root length colonised by different
types of fungal structures (coils, arbuscules, longitudinal hyphae and vesicles) showed significant and positive differences
in arbuscular frequency associated with endophyte infection, whereas the much smaller amounts of vesicles and hyphal coils
did not differ significantly. 相似文献
17.
The effect of root exudates from P-deficient onion on root colonisation by an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus was examined.
Onions (Allium cepa L.) were grown in solution culture at phosphorus concentrations of 0 (P0) and 2 (P2) mg P l–1. Root exudates were collected and fractionated with Amberlite XAD-4 resin to give EtOH and water soluble fractions. Onions
inoculated with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Gigaspora margarita Becker & Hall were grown with or without (control) root exudates and exudate fractions in a growth chamber. After 24 days,
arbuscular mycorrhiza levels and appressoria formation had increased in plants treated with P0-root exudate or the P0-EtOH
fraction when compared to corresponding P2 treatments or control plants. P0 and P2 water-soluble fractions did not significantly
affect either aspect of fungal development. These results suggest that hydrophobic compounds found in root exudates from P-deficient
onion increase appressorium formation and, therefore, enhance mycorrhiza development.
Accepted: 2 June 1998 相似文献
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Pisum sativum (pea) mutants of the wild type cv. Frisson and six supernodulating Medicago truncatula mutants of the wild-type cv. Jemalong line J5 for their ability to form endomycorrhizas. The six mutants of M. truncatula were shown to be allelic mutants of the same gene Mtsym12, whereas distinct genes (sym28 and sym29) are known to determine
the supernodulation character of the P64 and P88 pea mutants, respectively. Mutant P88 of pea and the majority of the M. truncatula mutants were significantly more colonized by the mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae than their corresponding wild types, 4 weeks and 30 days after inoculation, respectively. These differences were expressed
essentially in transversal intensity rather than in length intensity of root colonization and appeared to correspond to an
increase in arbuscule formation. Results are discussed in relation to the mutated genes and, in particular, whether the observed
effects are due indirectly to plant physiological modifications or are a direct result of possible common factors of regulation
of nodulation and mycorrhizal development.
Accepted: 9 February 2000 相似文献