中国红豆杉和短叶红豆极的胚胎培养

红豆杉属 (ＴａｘｕｓＬ .)植物的种子休眠期较长 ,在自然条件下要 1～ 2年才能萌发。本实验对中国红豆杉〔Ｔａｘｕｓｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ (Ｐｉｌｇｅｒ)Ｒｅｈｄ .〕和短叶红豆杉 (Ｔ .ｂｒｅｖｉｆｏｌｉａＮｕｔｔ.)的离体胚培养特性进行了研究 ,发现适宜的条件下两种胚的萌发与成苗情况没有明显差异 ,利用胚的体外培养技术可以使其在几个月内发芽、成苗 ,为大规模种植提供一条快捷途径。1　材料与方法1 1　试验材料中国红豆杉和短叶红豆杉种子分别采自中国湖北利川和加拿大。所用培养基为ＭｃＣｏｗｎ ,每升添加 1ｇ水解酪蛋白、1ｇ酵…     

湖北红豆杉属一栽培新变种及其生物学特性

荆江红豆杉〔Ｔａｘｕｓｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ（Ｐｉｌｇｅｒ）Ｒｅｈｄｃｖ．‘ｊｉｎｇｊｉａｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ’Ｙ．Ｊ．Ｆｅｉｃｖ．ｎｏｖ．〕是笔者于１９９６年在湖北荆州古城庭园观赏树种南方红豆杉〔Ｔ．Ｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ（Ｐｉｌｇｅｒ）Ｒｅｈｄ．ｖａｒ．ｍａｉｒｅｉ（ＬｅｍéｅｅｔＬéｖｌ．）ＣｈｅｎｇｅｔＬ．Ｋ．Ｆｕ〕居群中发现的一栽培变种,并详细观察研究了它的生物学特性,以期为保护扩繁这一新种质资源提供科学依据。图１　荆江红豆杉的雄球花Ｆｉｇ．１　ＴｈｅｍａｌｅｃｏｎｅｆｒｏｍＴ．ｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ（…     

红豆杉资源与紫杉醇生产概况

红豆杉属（ＴａｘｕｓＬ．）植物全世界共１１种,分布于北半球的温带至亚热带地区。我国有４种１变种,即：东北红豆杉（Ｔ．ｃｕｓｐｉｄａｔａＳｉｅｂ．ｅｔＺｕｃ．）、云南红豆杉（Ｔ．ｙｕｎｎａｎｅｎｓｉｓＣｈｅｎｇｅｔＬ．Ｋ．Ｆｕ）、西藏红豆杉（Ｔ．ｗａｌｉｃｈｉａｎａＺｕｃｃ．）、中国红豆杉〔Ｔ．ｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ（Ｐｉｌｇｅｒ）Ｒｅｈｄ．〕和南方红豆杉〔Ｔ．ｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓｖａｒ．ｍａｉｒｅｉ（ＬｅｍｅｅｅｔＬéｖｌ．）ＣｈｅｎｇｅｔＬ．Ｋ．Ｆｕ〕,分布于我国大部分地区,较为集中的产区为东北、西南和华东地区。云南省是我国红豆杉资源的主要分布区域。红豆杉树皮中含有新型抗癌药物紫杉醇,近年来,由于过度砍剥致使我国红豆杉野生资源遭到严重破坏。因此必须制定保护措施,进行人工种植。由于紫杉醇在红豆杉中含量甚微,结构异常复杂,所以研究紫杉醇的新来源成为世界性的热点,主要研究内容包括：非树皮部分的提取,人工大量种植,衍生物的寻找,化学合成和生物技术等。我国在以上研究领域内已取得多项成果,但与世界先进国家相比还有一定的差距,有待深入研究     

红豆杉科植物RAPD分析及其系统学意义

利用随机扩增多态性ＤＮＡ（ＲＡＰＤ）技术分析了红豆杉科（Ｔａｘａｃｅａｅ）红豆杉属（Ｔａｘｕｓ）、白豆杉属（Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｔａｘｕｓ）、穗花杉属（Ａｍｅｎｔｏｔａｘｕｓ）和榧树属（Ｔｏｒｒｅｙａ）的６种植物：红豆杉（Ｔａｘｕｓ ｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ （Ｐｉｌｇｅｒ）Ｒｅｈｄ）、南方红豆杉（Ｔａｘｕｓ ｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ ｖａｒ．ｍａｉｒｅｉ（Ｌｅｍｅｅ ｅｔＬｅｖｌ．）Ｃｈｅｎｇ ｅｔＭａｉｒｅＹｅｗ     

白豆杉细胞培养

紫杉醇是从短叶红豆杉〔Ｔａｘｕｓｂｒｅｖｉｆｏｌｉａ(Ｃｈｅｎｇ)Ｃｈｅｎｇ〕树皮中分离出来的二萜类生物碱[1],现已成为知名抗癌药物。紫杉醇主要来源于红豆杉属植物。白豆杉〔Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｔａｘｕｓｃｈｉｅｎｉｉ(Ｃｈｅｎｇ)Ｃｈｅｎｇ〕属红豆杉科白豆杉属,为...     

培养基成分对南方红豆杉细胞生长的影响

紫杉醇是 70年代发现的一种非常有发展前途的抗癌新药。通过红豆杉细胞培养技术获得紫杉醇是一条很有工业化生产前景 ,可大量提供紫杉醇的途径。本文采用二相培养技术 ,初步探讨了不同的基本培养基、不同浓度蔗糖 ,以及氨基酸对细胞生长的影响。实验材料为本室继代培养的南方红豆杉 (Ｔａｘｕｓｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓｖａｒ ｍａｉｒｅｉ)Ｚ3细胞株。获得如下结果 :1 Ｂ5、ＳＨ、ＴＡ[张宗勤等 西北植物学报 ,1998,18(4 ) :488～ 492 ]、ＭＳ 4种培养基中 ,Ｂ5的盐类组合 (大量元素、微量元素、维生素 )对细胞的生长最为有利。在 40ｄ生长期…     

南方红豆杉群落主要树木种群间联结关系初步研究

南方红豆杉（Ｔａｘｕｓｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓｖａｒ．ｍａｉｒｅｉ）是红豆杉科红豆杉属植物、林业部确定的国家一级保护树种,木材材质优良,更因其含高效抗癌药物紫杉醇（ｔａｘｏｌ）而备受关注。南方红豆杉自然分布于华东、中南、西南以及陕西、甘肃的南部、台湾等地。...     

红豆杉细胞培养的研究

从红豆杉（Ｔａｘｕｓｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ（Ｐｉｌｇ）Ｒｅｈｄ）的嫩茎及针叶诱导的出愈伤组织,对愈伤组织培养及细胞悬浮培养进行了研究,利用ＨＰＬＣ方法测定它们合成紫杉醇的能力,发现了能够提高培养细胞生长速率及紫杉醇含量的一些因子,红豆杉愈伤组织及悬浮培养细胞的生长速率已分别达到０．２５ｇ／Ｌ．ｄ和０．２８ｇ／Ｌ．ｄ。而他们的紫杉醇含量分别是０．００２６％和０．０１２％。     

稀土元素对南方红豆杉细胞培养及紫杉醇含量的影响

红豆杉属植物中的紫杉醇 (ｔａｘｏｌ)属萜类化合物 ,对白血病、转移性乳腺癌、卵巢癌、恶性黑色素瘤均有疗效 ,曾被誉为“最好的抗癌制剂”[植物学通报 ,1995 ,12 (3) :8～ 14]。植物组织细胞培养生产紫杉醇 ,特别是用稀土为诱导子提高红豆杉细胞合成与紫杉醇的释放 [天津农业科学 ,1998,4(1) :2 3～ 2 6 ;稀土 ,2 0 0 0 ,2 1(2 ) :49～ 5 1;中国稀土学报 ,1998,16 (1) :5 6～ 6 0 ]已成为当前研究的热点。本文所用的南方红豆杉(Ｔａｘｕｓｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓｖａｒ ｍａｉｒｅｉ)无性系由南方红豆杉芽诱导、多次继代、液体培养而来。按杨…     

中国红豆杉属和白豆杉属的核形态学研究

报道了红豆杉属Ｔａｘｕｓ３种１变种及白豆杉属Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｔａｘｕｘ １种的核形态结构２,啼杉属３种１变种和白豆杉的间期核要形都为复杂染色中心型,前期染色体属于中间型,体细胞中期染色体分别为：（１）红豆杉Ｔａｘｕｘ ｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ Ｒｅｈｄ ．Ｋ＝２４＝２０ｍ＋２ｓｍ＋２Ｔ,着丝点端化值为５８．２２％;（２）南方啼杉Ｔ．ｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ Ｒｅｈｄ ｖａｒ．ｍａｉｒｅｉ Ｃｈｅｎｇ ｅｔ Ｌ．Ｋ     

Fatty Acid Composition of Three Species of Litsea

The seed oils of three species (Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers, L. auriculata Chien et Cheng, L. subcoriacea Yang et P. H. Huang) were examined and the fatty acid composition of these oils was determined by GLC. Their major fatty acid was identified as lauric acid, Its amount ranged from 34.6%–75.4%. The major acid of the fruit coat oil from L. subcoriacea Y. H. Huang was different from that of the seed oil. The former contained 50% linoleic acid. The unsaturated C10, C12, C14 acids of the seed oil from L. cubeba (Lour.) Pers were separated by distillation, column chromatography and were identified by Periodate-Perman-ganate oxidation, IR, NMR and MS. They are cis-4-decenoic, cis-4-dodecenoic and cis-4-tetradecenoic acids respectively.     

Measurement of KLa by a gassing-in method with oxygen-enriched air

The dynamic gassing-out method using nitrogen for gas-liquid K(L)a measurements has been modified so that gassing-out is performed with air and gassing-in with oxygen-enriched air. This new method was proven theoretically valid for use in inert model systems and in actual fermentation systems. The K(L)a values were measured in a 1-m-high bubble column and compared with those obtained from the traditional gassing-in method for three different mixing models in batchwise contacting: mixed gas and liquid (MMB); plug-flow gas and mixed liquid (PMB); and plug-flow gas and plug-flow liquid (PPB). The K(L)a values obtained from the new method were consistent with those of the method of Bartholomew et al. Discrimination between the models appeared to be not important for the 1-m-high column, but the theoretical analysis revealed that it would become necessary for columns about 10 m and higher.     

中国樟科木姜子属植物纪要*

描述一新种即沧源木姜子Litsea cangyuanensis J. Li et H. W. Li; 一中国新纪录种白叶木姜子L1albescens
( Hook. f. ) D. G. Long; 3 个新异名: 大叶木姜子L1 chunii Cheng var1longipedicellata Yang f1 latif olia Yang 归并到高
山木姜子L1 chunii Cheng, 狭叶桂北木姜子M1 subcoriacea Yang et P. H. Huang var. stenophylla Yang et P. H.
Huang 归并入桂北木姜子L1 subcoriacea Yang et P. H. Huang, 狭叶华南木姜子L1greenmaniana Allen var1 angustifolia
Yang et P. H. Huang 归入华南木姜子L1greenmaniana Allen; 思茅木姜子L1szemaois ( H. Liou) J. Li et H. W. Li
作为新等级提升为种; 并对秃净木姜子L1 kingii Hook. f. 与山鸡椒L1 cubeba ( Lour . ) Pers. 两者间的差异进
行澄清, 对台湾产的黄肉树应采用L1 hypophaea Hayata 和广西产的蜂窝木姜子应采用L1f oveola Kosterm. 进
行了讨论。一个新名称: L1 sinoglobosa J. Li et H. W. Li 替代同名的L1 globosa Yang et P. H. Huang 。     

The purification of cytochrome f and plastocyanin using affinity chromatography

Both plastocyanin and cytochrome f were purified using a combination of affinity chromatography together with established methods. Plastocyanin was partially purified using the method of Davis and San Pietro (Anal. Biochem. 95 (1979) 254-259), after which it was further purified using a column of cytochrome c covalently attached to Sepharose 4B. The affinity column was prepared using the method of Godinot and Gautheron (Methods Enzymol. 54 (1979) 112-114). The final purity index ratio (A278/A597) was less than 1.2, which is equal to that obtained using the more expensive FPLC procedure (Anderson, G.P., Sanderson, D.G., Lee, C.H., Durell, S., Anderson, L.B. and Gross, E.L. (1987) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 894, issue 3). Cytochrome f was partially purified using a modification of the method of Matazaki et al. (Plant Cell. Physiol. 16 (1975) 237-246) and bound to an affinity column of plastocyanin covalently attached to Sepharose 4B. Cytochrome f purified using this procedure had a purity index ratio (A554.5/A277) of 1.2. Both proteins are tyrosine proteins containing no tryptophan residues. After the affinity chromatography step, the fluorescence emission spectrum of either plastocyanin or cytochrome f was typical of a tyrosine protein free from tryptophan contamination.     

光径及氮浓度对缺刻缘绿藻生长、油脂和花生四烯酸积累的影响

以缺刻缘绿藻(Parietochloris incisa)为实验材料, 采用BG-11培养基, 分别在2种氮浓度和3种不同光径(LP)的柱状和平板光生物反应器中进行培养, 并探究其生长、油脂和花生四烯酸(AA)的积累规律。结果显示: 在两种光生物反应器中, 光径越小, 越有利于缺刻缘绿藻的生长。其中, 最大生物量均在17.6 mmol/L氮浓度时获得, 分别为5.09 g/L(2.5 cm-柱状)和2.98 g/L(3.0 cm-平板); 而最高油脂和AA绝对含量则均在1.0 mmol/L氮浓度和最大光径处获得, 分别为39.23%、13.21%(6.0 cm-柱状)和40.74%、11.33%(5.0 cm-平板); 另外, 两种光生物反应器中的最大油脂单位体积产率分别可以达到216.39 mg/(L·d)(17.6 mmol/L; 2.5 cm-柱状)和135.93 mg/(L·d)(1.0 mmol/L; 1.5 cm-平板); 而最高的AA单位体积产率均在1.0 mmol/L低氮条件, 最大光径处达到最大, 分别为21.65 mg/(L·d)(6.0 cm-柱状)和19.42 mg/(L·d)(5.0 cm-平板)。因此, 根据实际生产需要, 在1.0 mmol/L低氮条件下, 选择6.0 cm光径的柱状光生物反应器或5.0 cm光径的平板光生物反应器, 培养缺刻缘绿藻生产AA, 能有效降低生产成本。     

Purification of the H-2Kk molecule of the murine major histocompatibility complex.

The intact H-2Kk antigen has been detergent-solubilized and purified using an immunoabsorbent column prepared from the 11-4.1 monoclonal antibody described by Oi et al. (Oi, V. T., Jones, P. P., Goding, J. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology (Melchers, F., Potter, M., and Warner, N. L., eds) Vol. 81, pp. 115-129, Springer-Verlag, New York). The mild conditions used for elution from the column, 0.5% deoxycholate in 10 mM Tris buffer, pH 8, with 0.14 M NaCl, result in recovery of 70 to 100% of the allogeneic serological activity. A murine lymphoma, RDM-4, was found to express high levels of H2-Kk; approximately 2 X 10(6) molecules/cell. Milligram quantities of H-2Kk can be purified readily using these cells.     

Temporal variations of physicochemical and microbiological parameters in three freshwater ecosystems (southeastern France) invaded by Ludwigia spp

In France, two amphibious hydrophytes of alien Ludwigia (Onagraceae) have for about the past twenty years been causing serious ecological and economic problems: L. peploides (Kunth) Raven et L. grandiflora (Michaux) Greuter & Burdet. This bacteriological and physicochemical study, focused on three different Mediterranean aquatic ecosystems, reveals, for the first time, a direct negative impact of these American invaders. During summer, while plant growth is intensive, and the appearance in the water column of anoxic conditions and production of toxic compounds may be observed, notably in L. grandiflora stands. The toxicity is linked to a proliferation of sulphate-reducing bacteria producing sulphides that are very harmful for aquatic organisms.     

高效液相色谱法测定17AA氨基酸注射液中N-乙酰-L-半胱氨酸和N-乙酰-L-酪氨酸

建立了一种用高效液相色谱测定 17AA氨基酸注射液中N 乙酰 L 半胱氨酸和N 乙酰 L 酪氨酸含量的方法。样品经稀释后 ,直接上机测定 ,其色谱条件为 :WatersSymmetryC18色谱柱 ,流动相为 8.5mmol/LNaAc - 5 %CH3 OH (pH =4.0 ) ,柱温36℃ ,流速 1.0ml/min ,检测波长 195nm ,N 乙酰 L 半胱氨酸在 5 .4mg/L到 5 40mg/L、N 乙酰 L 酪氨酸在 4.9mg/L到 490mg/L之间 ,标准曲线呈良好的线性关系 (r2 >0 .9999)。该方法具有良好的重现性 ,日内相对标准偏差小于 3% ,日间相对平均误差小于 7% ,样品回收率在 90 %～ 110 %之间。该方法与测定氨基酸注射液的其它高效液相色谱法相结合 ,能够对 17AA氨基酸注射液中所有氨基酸成分进行全面检测。     

用膨化柱填料的方法从红藻中规模分离纯化R-藻红蛋白(英)

以Phenyl_sepharose作为柱填料 ,用streamline柱层析技术从红藻 (Palmariapalmata (Lannaeus)Kuntze)中规模分离捕光色素蛋白———R_藻红蛋白。由于不是传统的从层析柱上方进样 ,而是用泵将样品从streamline层析柱的下方加样 (从下至上 ) ,因而解决了用一般层析柱分离R_藻红蛋白时海藻抽提液中大量的粘性多糖堵塞层析柱的难题。用P .palmata粗提液上样后 ,分别用 0 .2mol/L、0 .1mol/L和 0 .0 5mol/L的 (NH4) 2 SO4溶液从相反的方向 (即从上到下 )洗脱层析柱 ,发现这些洗脱液中的藻红蛋白纯度已经较高。然后将洗脱液透析去盐 ,用阴离子交换柱层析 (Q_sepharose)进一步纯化。经过这两次柱层析后 ,R_藻红蛋白的纯度 (OD565/OD2 80 )超过 3.5 ,高于一般认可的R_藻红蛋白的纯度标准 3.2 ;产率为每克冷冻P .palmata可纯化 0 .12 2mg高纯度的R_藻红蛋白 ,比使用一般分离方法的产率要高 10倍。这些结果表明 ,使用本文报道的方法纯化藻红蛋白 ,将会使作为生化检测试剂的藻红蛋白市场价格大幅度下降。     

Production of artemisinin by hairy rot cultures of Artemisia annua L in bioreactor

Hairy root cultures of Artemisia annua L were cultivated in four different culture systems: a flask, a bubble column, a modified bubble column and a modified inner-loop airlift bioreactor. The artemisinin contents of hairy root cultures in the bubble column and the modified inner-loop airlift bioreactor were higher than that in the modified bubble column. The growth rate and hairy root distribution in the modified inner-loop airlift bioreactor were better than those in other bioreactors, and dry weight and artemisinin production reached to 26.8 g/L and 536 mg/L after 20 days.