狭义巨缘蝽族支序分析研究——以亚洲材料为研究对象(异翅亚目:缘蝽科)(英语)

此文以狭义巨缘蝽族的亚洲各属为基础,对该族进行了支序分析,结果表明,尽管它们外形诸多变异,但其外生殖器结构甚为一致,此类群为一单系群无疑.文中支序图表明肖采瑜定的奇缘蝽族为一并系群,应为巨缘蝽族之次异名.支序图还说明主要分布于非洲的安缘蝽属与亚洲各属形态上有较大差异.     

Chloroplast DNA restriction site variation and phylogenetic interrelationships of some genera of the Heliantheae sensu lato (Asteraceae)

Phylogenetic interrelationships of 12 genera of the Heliantheae s. lat., as well as two genera of the Anthemideae and Eupatorieae, were assessed by chloroplast DNA restriction site analysis. The 14 investigated species represented Guizotia, Helianthus, Melampodium, Rudbeckia, Sigesbeckia, Tridax , and Verbesina (Heliantheae s. str.), Helenium, Hymenoxys , and Palafoxia (Helenieae), Porophyllum (Tageteae), Coreopsis (Coreopsideae), Pleurocoronis (Eupatorieae), and Anthemis , (Anthemideae). Using 9 enzymes, 39 phylogenetically informative sites were found. Wagner parsimony analysis of the data yielded 10 equally parsimonious cladograms. Well supported relationships displayed by all cladograms included (1) a clade comprising all the genera (Heliantheae s. lat. and Eupatorieae) except Anthemis (Anthemideae), (2) a clade consisting of the genera of the Heliantheae s. str. with Pleurocoronis (Eupatorieae) nested among them, (3) a subclade of the former comprising Pleurocoronis, Guizotia , and Sigesbeckia , and (4) the generic pair of Helenium and Hymenoxys.     

Phylogenetic relationships of butterflies of the tribe Acraeini (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Heliconiinae) and the evolution of host plant use

The tribe Acraeini (Nymphalidae, Heliconiinae) is believed to comprise between one and seven genera, with the greatest diversity in Africa. The genera Abananote, Altinote, and Actinote (s. str.) are distributed in the Neotropics, while the genera Acraea, Bematistes, Miyana, and Pardopsis have a Palaeotropical distribution. The monotypic Pardopsis use herbaceous plants of the family Violaceae, Acraea and Bematistes feed selectively on plants with cyanoglycosides belonging to many plant families, but preferentially to Passifloraceae, and all Neotropical species with a known life cycle feed on Asteraceae only. Here, a molecular phylogeny is proposed for the butterflies of the tribe Acraeini based on sequences of COI, EF-1alpha and wgl. Both Maximum Parsimony and Bayesian analyses showed that the tribe is monophyletic, once the genus Pardopsis is excluded, since it appears to be related to Argynnini. The existing genus Acraea is a paraphyletic group with regard to the South American genera, and the species of Acraea belonging to the group of "Old World Actinote" is the sister group of the Neotropical genera. The monophyly of South American clade is strongly supported, suggesting a single colonization event of South America. The New World Actinote (s. str.) is monophyletic, and sister to Abananote+Altinote (polyphyletic). Based on the present results it was possible to propose a scenario for the evolution in host plant use within Acraeini, mainly concerning the use of Asteraceae by the South American genera.     

中国壁蜂族十新种记述(蜜蜂总科,切叶蜂科,壁蜂族)

记述壁蜂族Osmiini 4属10新种:方角壁蜂Osmia(s.str.)quadricornuta sp.nov.,拟红壁蜂Osmia(s. str.)rufinoides sp.nov.,延边壁蜂Osmia(s.str.)yanbianense sp.nov.,陕西壁蜂Osmia(Helicosmia)shaanxiense sp.nov.,吉林壁蜂Osmia(Melanosmia)jilinense sp.nov.,新疆栉壁蜂Stenosmta xinjiangense sp. nov,脊臀裂爪蜂Chelostoma(s.str.)carinocaudata sp.nov.,长舌裂爪蜂Chelostoma(Ceriaheriades)longilabraris sp.nov.,红角拟孔蜂Hoplitis(Alcidemea)rufoatennails sp. nov.,波氏拟孔蜂Hoplitis(Megalosmia)popovi sp. nov..模式标本均保存于中国科学院动物研究所.     

A reexamination of North American Satureja s.l. (Lamiaceae) in light of molecular evidence

Satureja s.l. (Lamiaceae) is a large complex (ca. 225 spp.) that is variably treated as comprising from one to as many as 17 genera. The North American representatives are usually assigned toCalamintha, Clinopodium, Micromeria, Piloblephis, orSatureja. A recent chloroplast DNA restriction site analysis indicates that inclusion ofSatureja s.str.,Micromeria, andPiloblephis in the group renders it non-monophyletic. After exclusion of these three genera, a study of morphological variation in the remainder of the complex suggests that it is best treated as three genera, two of which do not occur in North America (Cyclotrichium and “Obtegomeria” [Doroszenko, ined., to be validated else-where]). The third comprises ca. 100 species, 11 of them native to North America north of Mexico. WithSatureja s.str. excluded, the name with priority for the latter genus isClinopodium. The indigenous North American species and their more frequently used synonyms are tabulated. A new combination,Clinopodium chandleri, is made.     

辽宁和尚帽自然保护区寄蝇科昆虫资源调查

对我国东北地区辽东和尚帽自然保护区寄蝇科昆虫资源进行调查.采用形态分类方法,进行标本整理、鉴定出寄蝇科4亚科21族90属177种,分别占中国已知族、属和种类的53.85％、32.03％和13.80％,其中金龟长喙寄蝇Prosena siberita,暗黑柔寄蝇Thelaira nigripes,伪利索寄蝇Lixopha...     

Cladistics of the New World Genera of Listroderina (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Rhytirrhinini)

The weevil subtribe Listroderina belongs in the tribe Rhytirrhinini (subfamily Cyclominae), and has 25 genera and 300 species in the Americas. A cladistic analysis of the American genera was undertaken, using 53 characters from the external morphology, mouthparts, body vestiture, and male and female genitalia, and considering Rhigopsidius Heller (subtribe Rhytirrhinina) as the outgroup. The analysis yielded 20 equally parsimonious cladograms (108 steps, CI=0.42, RI=0.64), which after successive weighting resulted in three minimum-length cladograms (256 steps, CI=0.67, RI=0.82). In the strict consensus cladogram, which has the same topology as one of the original cladograms, the genera follow the sequence ( Philippius , ( Trachodema , ( Lamiarhinus , ( Acrorius , ( Acroriellus , (( Rupanius , ( Adioristidius, Amathynetoides , ( Puranius , ( Macrostyphlus, Andesianellus )))), ( Hyperoides , ( Germainiellus , ( Antarctobius, Nacodius )), (( Haversiella , ( Listronotus, Neopachytychius )), ( Listroderes, Acrostomus ), ( Falklandiellus , ( Falklandiopsis , ( Telurus , ( Falklandius, Lanteriella )))))))))))). A phylogenetic classification for the genera of American Listroderina is proposed, where the five principal lineages are recognized as generic groups: Macrostyphlus group ( Rupanius, Adioristidius, Amathynetoides, Puranius, Macrostyphlus , and Alndesianellus ), Antarctobius group ( Germainiellus, Antarctobius , and Nacodius ), Listronotus group ( Haversiella, Listronotus , and Neopachytychius ), Listroderes group ( Listroderes and Acrostomus ), and Falklandius group ( Falklandiellus, Falklandiopsis, Telurus, Falklandius , and Lanteriella )     

Phylogenetic studies of the subgenus Nialoe (s. lat.) (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Genus Pterostichus), part 2: The Asymmetricus species group

Pterostichus (Nialoe) asymmetricus Bates and its allies are revised based on the membranous parts of their genitalia. Four new taxa, P. (N.) ovaliphallus sp. nov., P. (N.) fujimurai ibukiyamanus ssp. nov., P. (N.) shotaroi kiimontanus ssp. nov., and P. (N.) basilobatus sp. nov. are described. A cladistic analysis based on 31 morphological characters reveals that Daisenilaoe (s. str.) Nakane and Straneo is included as one clade within Nialoe (s. str.). The speciation and dispersal process of this species group are also discussed.     

Chorology of Liliaceae (S. Str.) and Its Bearing on the Chinese Flora

The geographical distribution of Liliaceae (s. str. ) is analysed on the basis of the floristic regions proposed by Takhtajan. Some conclusions may be proposed as follows: 1.Liliaceae (s. str. ) consists of nine genera and about 513 species, distributed primarily in the north temperate zone. Statistics shows clearly that the Irano-Turanian Region is most abundant in number of species, The Eastern Asian Region with total nine genera of the family is the diversity centre of Liliaceae (s. str. ). 2. The distribution patterns of the genera may be divided into: 1 ) North temperate distribution pattern: Lloydia, Erythronium, Fritillaria and Lilium; 2) Old world temperate distribution pattern: Gagea and Tulipa; 3) West Asia to Himalayas and Southwest China distribution pattern: Notholirion; 4) East Asia distribution pattern: Cardiocrinum and Nomocharis. 3. The Sino-Himalayas is one of the key regions in studying the evolution of Liliaceae (s. str. ) All nine genera occur in the Eastern Asian Region with most species distributed in Southwest and Northwest China. Chorologically, five genera (Fritillaria, Lilium, Cardiocrinum, Nomocharis and Notholirion) of the Lilieae are overlapped each other in the Sino-Himalayas, showing its diversity centre in this region. The Lilieae is a main stock in the Liliaceae (s. str. ), The genus Nomocharis in this tribe may have been newly differentiated from Lilium in the course of the uplift of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, a view also supported by Xie Xiao-yang et al.. The place of its origin was considered to be in the southern part of the Hengduan Mountains. 4. The distributions of some species in Liliaceae (s. str. ) seem to be significant for dividing some floristic regions: 1 ) Some species of Fritillaria (F. unibracteata Hsiao et K. C. Hsia, F. przewalski Maxim. ex Batal. , F. crassicaulis S. C. Chen, F. cirrhosa D. Don. , F. delavayi Franch. , F. dajinensis S. C. Chen, F. davidii Franch. , F. sinica S. C. Chen and F. sichuanica S. C.Chen) are only distributed in Sino-Himalayan forest subkingdom, while others (F. taiparensis P. Y. Li, F. yuzhongensis S. C. Chen, F. monantha Migo, F. anhuiensis S. C. Chen et S. F. Yin, F. thunbergii Miq. , F. maximowizii Freyn and F. ussuriensis Maxim. ) are restricted to Sino-Japan forest subkingdom. They show a clearly demarcation line between the two subkingdoms, which is identical with what proposed by Wu Cheng-yih. 2) The Eastern Asian Region can be divided into two subkingdoms on the basis of the distribution pattern of the genus Cardiocrinum; C. giganteum (Wall.) Makino and C. gigateum var. yunnanense Leichtlin ex Elwes are restricted to Sino-Himalayan forest subkingdom. C. cathayanum (Wilson) Stearn and C. cordatum (Thunb.) Makino are only found in Sino-Japan forest subkingdom. 3) The distributions of Gagea pauciflora Turcz. , G. triflora(Ledeb.) Roem. et Schult. G. hiensis Pasch, Lloydia tibetica Baker ex Oliver, L. oxycarpa Franch. and L. flavonutans Hara are indicative of a demarcation line between Irano-Turanica Region and Eastern Asian Region. 5. The genus Notholirion occurs in the Eastern Asian Region and Irano-Turanian Region, showing the relationships between the two regions and also between the Chinese flora and Ancient Mediterraneam flora.     

The genus Iphiona (Compositae-Inuleae)

The genus Iphiona Cass. emend. A. Anderb. (Compositae-Inuleae-Inulinae) is revised and considerably amended. The former genera Grantia Boiss. (= Perralde-riopsis Rauschert) and Hirschia Baker are included as well as the major part of Iphiona Cass. s.str. and the species Inula grantioides Boiss., and Pulicaria phillipsiae S. Moore. Five new combinations are made: I. anthemidifolia (Baker) A. Anderb., I. arachnoidea (Boiss.) A. Anderb., I. grantioides (Boiss.) A. Anderb., I. phillipsiae (S. Moore) A. Anderb., and I. senecionoides (Baker) A. Anderb. The new species I. teretifolia A. Anderb. is described. A discussion of the phylogeny of the group and a cladogram, involving reticulation, of the Iphiona species are presented. The 11 species are distributed in Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Sudan, Ethiopia, Somalia, Saudi Arabia, Peoples Democratic Republic Yemen, Oman, Iran and Pakistan.     

A revision of the family Zoogonidae Odhner, 1902 (Platyhelminthes: Digenea): Subfamily Lepidophyllinae and comments on some aspects of biology

Summary A detailed revision of the zoogonid subfamily Lepidophyllinae is presented, using morphological characters discussed in an earlier paper. Twelve genera and 50 species are treated in detail with keys and cladograms to genera and species. The genera and species covered are: Lepidophyllum steenstrupi, L. appyi, L. armatum, L. brachycladium, L. cameroni, L. pleuronectini, L. pyriforme, L. schantaricum, Urinatrema hispidum, U. hirudinacea, Panopula cavernossa, P. bridgeri, P. spinosa, Limnoderetrema minutum (Manter, 1954) [formerly Deretrema] n.g. (in freshwater fishes; genital pore at oral sucker or pharynx level), n. comb., Brachyenteron peristedioni, B. acropomatis, B. campbelli, B. doederleiniae, B. magnibursatum, B. parexocoeti, B. pycnorganum, Steganodermatoides kergeleni, S. agassizi, S. allocytti, S. maceri, Neosteganoderma glandulosum, N. infundibulum, Proctophantastes abyssorum, P. gillissi, Deretrema (Deretrema) fusillus, D. (D.) cholaeum, D. (D.) pacificum, D. (Spinoderetrema) plotosi, D. (S.) acutum, D. (S.) fellis, D. (S.) ovale, D.(S.) sebastodis, D. (Luxitrema) philippinensis, D. plagiorchis, Pseudochetosoma salmonicola, Overstreetia sodwanaensis, Steganoderma (Steganoderma) formosum, S. (S.) atherinae, S. (Lecithostaphylus) retroflexum, S. (L.) depauperati (Yamaguti, 1970) n. comb., S. (L.) hemirhamphi, S. (L.) nitens, S. (L.) parexocoeti, S. macrophallos, S. oviformis. Most zoogonids were found to exhibit some level of predilection for a particular piscine host group, but little general information on the zoogeography of the group was discovered. Ultrastructural evidence is presented suggesting that the membranous egg-capsule of the zoogonines shows vestiges of the three layers of a normal tanned egg-shell.     

中国黄斑蜂族九新种记述(蜜蜂总科,切叶蜂科,黄斑蜂族)

记述中国黄斑蜂族3属9新种.新种是:圆斑伟黄斑蜂Bathanthidum(s.str.)circinatum,峨眉伟黄斑蜂Bathanthidium(s.str.)emeiense,叉黄斑蜂Anthidium (s.str.)furcatum,双色黄斑蜂Anthidium(s.str.)bicolor,纹黄斑蜂Anthidum(s.str.)striatum,莫干山黄斑蜂An-thidium(s.str.)moganshanensis,向日葵黄斑蜂Anthidium(Proanthidium)helianthinum,皇冠准黄斑蜂Trachusa (Paraanthidium)coronum,角足准黄斑蜂Trachusa(Paraanthidium)cornopes.模式标本保存于中国科学院动物研究所.     

A PRELIMINARY PHYLOGENETIC AND BIOGEOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF THE DYAKIIDAE (GASTROPODA: STYLOMMATOPHORA) AND A BIOGEOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF OTHER SUNDALAND TAXA

Abstract — The phylogeny of the Dyakiidae, an early diverging lineage of the Limacoidea sensu lalo , is reconstructed. In the Dyakiidae a unique transformation series of different genital accessory organs, the so-called "stimulators", is preserved which is an important argument for the hypothesis that the different stimulator types of the Stylommatophora are homologous. The biogeographic distribution patterns of the genera of the Dyakiidae are summarized and the ancestral areas of the major clades are analysed. The analysis of the area cladograms of the Dyakiidae and of several butterfly and heteroptera genera occurring in Sundaland revealed neither a general pattern of relationship between the areas of endemism in Sundaland, nor a general pattern of relationship between Sundaland and other areas. The area cladogram of the rather immobile Dyakiidae endemic to Sundaland might reflect older events than the area cladograms of the more mobile and widespread butterfly and plant bug genera. The general incompatibility of the area cladograms involving Sundaland taxa suggests that dispersal across barriers has played a major role in the historical biogeography of the analysed groups and challenges the hypothesis of vicariance biogeography that the distribution patterns of organisms are largely due to the fragmentation of an ancestral biota.     

Phylogeny and classification of the Grimmiaceae/Ptychomitriaceae complex (Bryophyta) inferred from cpDNA

Phylogenetic relationships within the Grimmiaceae/Ptychomitriaceae were studied using a plastid tRNA cluster, including four tRNAs (trnS, trnT, trnL, trnF), a fast evolving gene (rps4), four spacers separating the coding regions, as well as one group I intron. Secondary structure analyses of the spacers as well as the trnL intron P8 domain identified several homoplastic inversions. Tracing the structural evolution of P8 we were able to identify lineage specific modifications that are mainly explained by inversions often in combination with large indel events. Phylogenetic analyses using maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian methods indicate that Jaffueliobryum and Indusiella are closely related to Ptychomitrium and form the Ptychomitriaceae s. str. As Campylostelium is neither resolved within Ptychomitriaceae s. str. nor Grimmiaceae s. str., we prefer to treat it in its own family, Campylosteliaceae De Not. The systematic position of Glyphomitrium, as also found by other authors, should be considered in a broader analysis of haplolepidous mosses as our analyses indicate that it is not part of Campylosteliaceae, Grimmiaceae, or Ptychomitriaceae. Within Grimmiaceae s. str., Racomitrium is recognized as a monophyletic group sister to a clade including Dryptodon, Grimmia, and Schistidium. Coscinodon species appear disperse in Grimmia s. str. next to species sharing the same gametophyte morphology, and thus the genus is synonymized with Grimmia. Finally, Schistidium is resolved monophyletic with high statistical support, and seems to represent a rapidly evolving group of species. Our results are not fully congruent with recently published treatments splitting Grimmiaceae in a fairly high number of genera, neither with a comprehensive Grimmia including Dryptodon and Grimmia s. str.     

The Phytogeography of Caprifoliaceae s. str. with Its Implications for Understanding Eastern Asiatic Flora

The Caprifoliaceae s. str. as here defined consists of 4 tribes and 12 genera: Caprifolieae (Lonicera, Leycesteria), Linnaeeae (Symphoricarpos, Abelia, Zabelia, Linnaea, Dipelta, Kolkwitzia, Heptacodium ), Diervilleae (Diervilla, Weigela ), Triosteae (Triosteum). Based on chorology, fossil records and dominant woody habit, the family may be considered as a fairly old one and probably originated in the Late Cretaceous or the Early Tertiary. In the light of facts, such as a number of phylogenetic series of Abelia, Triosteum and Weigela occurring in east Asia, Heptacodium, endemic to East Asia, as a link between the tribe Caprifolieae and the tribe Linnaeeae, and existence in East Asia of a high percentage of both palaeoendemic genera and some neoendemics, East Asia seems to be the centerof diversity of the family. Six Eastern Asiatic endemic genera might be grouped under three categories, Heptacodium, Dipelta and Kolkwitzia as palaeoendemics, Weigela as active epibiotics, and Zabelia and Leycesteria as neoendemics. The above inferences are made only on the basis of three main attributes, systematic position of genera isolated or not, their geographical distribution continuous or discontinuous with the closest relatives and the degree of diversification of forms or distinction between species within a genus, without consideration of insufficient fossil records and cytological data.     

Floral ontogeny and systematic position of the Didiereaceae

Floral ontogenetical data from all four genera of the Didiereaceae (s.str.) are presented for the first time. All Didiereaceae s.str. are dioecious, having unisexual flowers with organ rudiments of the opposite sex. Two median bracts followed by a tetramerous perianth (two alternating dimerous ``whorls'), a slightly complex androecium with 6–12 stamens in a single row (on a common ring primordium), four of which mostly alternating with the perianth members, and one basal ovule connecting three free septa at their very base are flower characters in Didiereaceae, supporting phylogenetic analyses based on nucleotide sequence data. Closest relatives are the (formerly) portulacaceous genera Portulacaria (5 stamens alternating with the perianth), Ceraria (5 stamens alternating with the perianth), and Calyptrotheca (many stamens), all with pentamerous perianths, from which the tetramerous perianth in Didiereaceae can be derived. Applequist and Wallace (2003) included these three genera in an expanded family Didiereaceae (with three subfamilies).     

国产大头茶属的分类处理

东亚-北美间断分布的大头茶属Gordonia不是一个单系类群,北美和东亚的种类应该处理成两个不同的属,东亚(包括中国)的种类应该使用Polyspora这一属名。根据最新的研究结果对产自中国的该类植物作了正式的分类学处理。     

PHYLOGENY OF THE NEMERTEAN SUBCLASS PALAEONEMERTEA (ANOPLA, NEMERTEA)

Abstract— A cladistic analysis based on 50 morphological characters was performed for 49 of the 98 species currently assigned to the subclass Palaeonemertea (phylum Nemertea), and six additional undescribed species. Thirty-five species were excluded from the parsimony analysis because of the high number of unknowns in the character matrix, and one species since it was considered a nomen nudum . An initial analysis suggested that the subclass Hoplonemertea is the sistergroup to the clade Palaeo- and Heteronemertea and the ingroup cladograms are rooted using a paraphyletic outgroup based on this information. Seventy-two equally most parsimonious cladograms were found; the consistency index was low but tree-length distribution for the character set is skewed to the left, and the cladograms are invariably shorter than trees based on random data. These cladograms suggested a character transformation series for the cerebral organ where this complex character reappeared several times after being absent. We considered this biologically implausible and the final discussion is based on three cladograms, one step longer than the most parsimonious, where the evolution of this character appears to be more realistic. The cladistic analysis indicates that many previously recognized genera (e.g. Cephalothrix, Procephalothrix and Cephalotrichella ), and higher taxa, are paraphyletic. It furthermore indicates that the previously suggested hypothesis of the Archinemertea as a monophyletic sistertaxon to Palaeonemertea is unsupported.