Aspiration biopsy cytology of benign clear cell ("sugar") tumor of the lung

Benign clear cell tumor (BCCT) of the lung is an uncommon neoplasm, with about 24 cases reported in the literature. A fine needle aspirate from a histologically and ultrastructurally confirmed BCCT of the lung contained large irregular clusters of polygonal and spindle-shaped benign-appearing cells with vacuolated, granular, periodic-acid-Schiff-positive cytoplasm. Cytologic study of the aspirate suggested a pseudoinflammatory tumor; however, a metastatic renal cell tumor or a primary clear cell or mesenchymal tumor could not be excluded. The histologic, ultrastructural and cytochemical findings are also presented, and the cytologic differential diagnosis of this neoplasm is briefly discussed.     

Juxtacortical osteosarcoma of tibia from a medieval cemetery of Budapest

Juxtacortical osteosarcoma occurred on the right tibia and fibula of a 20-22 years old man found in a medieval period cemetery of Budapest. MACROSCOPIC DESCRIPTION: The tumor is located circumferentially on the midshaft of the tibia and fibula and appears cone-shaped. The lesion measured 160 mm in length and 3-5 mm in height. The surface of the tumor is irregular, rough, in some areas shows spicules. These spicules averaged 2-4 mm in length and 1-2 mm in diameter. The anterior and medial surface of the tibia is completely covered by osseous tumor. RADIOGRAPHY: The X-ray study demonstrates the medullary involvement, with mixed osteolytic and osteoblastic areas. Tumor infiltration of the cortex is also apparent as irregular rarefication and lytic lesions. In some areas a "sunburst" picture could be seen. The X-ray picture is characteristic for juxtacortical osteosarcoma. MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION: stereomicroscopy of specimens shows a sponge-like structure of the surface. The cortical bone is completely destroyed and deep cavities are seen between spiculous and gyrificated neoplastic bone. The spiculae are varied in length and thickness. Irregular bulky bone trabeculae demonstrating uncontrolled neoplastic reaction could be detected. By light microscopic examination severe destruction, osteolytic lesions are seen both in the cortical bone and in the cancellous bone in the peripheral parts of the tumors. Within the neoplastic bone only few remnants of the primary (normal) bone structure could be demonstrated. No reparative reactions were seen next to the osteolysis, the collagen fibers and lamellas are destroyed. Beside the destruction of original bone larger structures composed of irregular newly built nepotistic bone trabeculae can be detected. The newly formed trabeculae (spiculae) contain a tumorous ground substance (probably osteoid tissue) with few collagen fibers, and these areas are covered with a thin bony lamella. In some areas the neoplastic structures are in intimate contact with the original cancellous bone remnants. IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY: Both the osteosarcoma and chondrosarcoma show osteoid and bone neoformation while in the chondrosarcoma type II collagen could also detected. By immunohistochemical reactions no type II and III collagen, only type I collagen reaction was positive. This means that no cartilaginous tissues were present in the tumor. Scanning electron microscopy of these specimens shows sponge-like structures. The tumor reveals irregular trabecular and spicular texture,the spicules are various in diameter and in some spiculae rounded deposits attached to the surface. In our case we found typical radiological and histological picture of the juxtacortical osteosarcoma.     

肿瘤靶向纳米载药系统的设计与构建

近年来将纳米载药系统应用于肿瘤靶向递药的研究层出不穷。与正常组织相比,肿瘤组织具有较低的pH环境、大量新生血管生成、 不规则的血流灌注、局部缺氧等特异性的微环境,利用这些特点进行合理的纳米载药系统设计能够实现肿瘤部位的高效递药及深层穿透, 显著提高肿瘤治疗效果。针对现有的肿瘤靶向纳米载药系统的构建与设计方法进行综述,以阐述纳米载药系统在肿瘤靶向传递中的研究进展     

Osteoblastic osteosarcoma in a rabbit

An osteosarcoma developed in the tarsal joint region involving the distal tibia of a domestic rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Micrometastases were present in the lungs. Histologically the tumor was composed of ovoid to short-spindle cells with abundant giant cells, producing irregular islands of osteoids. The tumor cells were immunopositive with antiosteocalcin monoclonal antibody, consistent with their derivation from osteoblasts. According to review of 10 published cases, productive osteoblasic osteosarcoma is the most common bone tumor in rabbits, with half of all cases developing in the skull or facial bones.     

Irregular sleep–wake cycle associated with malignant brain tumor in an adolescent

Sleep and Biological Rhythms - We report an adolescent case of malignant brain tumor who presented with an irregular sleep–wake cycle as the first significant clinical symptom. The patient...     

Squash smear findings of spherical amyloid in pituitary prolactinoma. A case report

BACKGROUND: Pituitary prolactinoma containing spherical amyloid is rare. Squash smear findings of spherical amyloid in pituitary prolactinoma are characteristic. CASE: A 25-year-old woman presented with a pituitary tumor. The intraoperative squash smear showed abundant, homogeneous, eosinophilic material with multiple prominent striations. The scattered atypical cells in the periphery contained an irregular, bizarre nucleus; coarse chromatin; occasional prominent nucleoli; rare cytoplasm; and prolactin immunoreactivity. CONCLUSION: The characteristic squash smear findings should be helpful in the diagnosis of this rare tumor.     

Ultracytochemistry of the cell surface and microfilaments in dimethylhydrazine-induced colonic tumor cells

Studies were made of the ultracytochemical changes in the cell membrane and microfilaments of colonic epithelial cells during tumorigenesis induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) in mice fed a high fat diet. The tumor cells showed reduced membrane ATPase activity and loss of contact with neighboring cells. Microfilaments in tumor cells showed an irregular intensity of fluorescent staining. Their actin filaments bound with heavy meromyosin (HMM) had an arrowhead pattern as in normal cells, but these complexes were shortened and detached from the cell membrane. The arrowheads were directed toward the interior in the terminal web of tumor cells. Microfilaments with long rootlets extended to the apical surface of some tumor cells. These results indicate that during development of colonic tumors, the structures of the cell membrane and microfilaments of the cells changes.     

Noncontrast computed tomography in the diagnosis of tumors of the major salivary glands

Non-contrast computed tomography (CT) of the major salivary glands was made in 127 patients, which revealed 95 space-occupying lesions (88 intraglandular and 7 extraglandular ones). Pleomorphic tumors of the parotid glands are solitary, round, high-density (29.6 +/- 4.2 HU) masses with well-defined, smooth margins. Salivary cysts were characterized by the presence of a dense capsule; the density of cyst contents was 8.0 +/- 2.0 HU. Salivary lipomas had a characteristic tomographic pattern due to the presence of adipose tissue; the lipoma density was -108.3 +/- 7.8 HU. Malignant parotid tumors were characterized by the presence of higher-density masses with irregular shapes and ill-defined, indistinct margins. Benign submandibular gland tumors had no well-defined margins that separated the tumor from the gland; the density of a tumor matched that of the parenchyma; the mean tumor size was 3.6 +/- 1.3 cm; there was an increase in the sizes of the gland as compared to those of the contralateral gland, as well as a displacement of the adjacent soft tissues. Malignant submandibular gland neoplasms tumors were characterized by the presence of inhomogenous lower-density masses with irregular shapes. Enlarged paraglandular lymph nodes were observed. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of native CT in diagnosing space-occupying lesions of the salivary glands were 97.6, 96.4, and 97.6%, respectively.     

A tumor cord model for Doxorubicin delivery and dose optimization in solid tumors

Background  

Doxorubicin is a common anticancer agent used in the treatment of a number of neoplasms, with the lifetime dose limited due to the potential for cardiotoxocity. This has motivated efforts to develop optimal dosage regimes that maximize anti-tumor activity while minimizing cardiac toxicity, which is correlated with peak plasma concentration. Doxorubicin is characterized by poor penetration from tumoral vessels into the tumor mass, due to the highly irregular tumor vasculature. I model the delivery of a soluble drug from the vasculature to a solid tumor using a tumor cord model and examine the penetration of doxorubicin under different dosage regimes and tumor microenvironments.     

植物激素对不同烟草遗传瘤诱导的研究

通过观察烟草品种N.glauca、N.langsdorffii和杂种N.glauca×N.langsdorffii的形态差异,利用IAA、6-BA、ABA等不同激素处理杂种N.glauca×N.langsdorffii探究激素对于遗传瘤产生的影响。实验结果显示生长素能显著抑制实生幼苗的遗传瘤产生,而分裂素则明显促进遗传瘤的产生。本实验还首次从烟草N.glauca中诱导产生遗传瘤,这说明种间杂交并不是诱导产生遗传瘤的唯一因素。电镜扫描结果显示遗传瘤中的细胞分化很不规则,可能是由于细胞分化及细胞间协作失控引起的。     

Granulosa theca cell tumor with luteoma in the ovary of a bonnet monkey (Macaca radiata)

A mass was identified on the left caudal region of the abdomen in a 13-year-old bonnet monkey (Macaca radiata). The mass was excised and diagnosed as granulosa theca cell tumor accompanied with luteoma based on the microscopic findings. Morphologically it appeared pink, round, firm multilobulated measured approximately 5 x 3 x 2.5 cm in dimension. Histologically the luteoma composed of polyhedral cells with pale strained vacuolated cytoplasm, centrally located nuclei with distinct cytoplasmic borders. Granulosa theca cell tumor appeared as densely packed spindle shaped fusiform cells arranged in interlacing bundles and whorled pattern with neoplastic cells appearing irregular shaped solid sheets. The concomitant development of granulosa theca cell tumor with luteoma in a single ovary is very rare and is the first reported case in a bonnet macaque to our knowledge.     

超声检查在乳腺癌诊断中价值的探讨

目的:探讨二维及彩色多普勒超声在乳腺癌诊断方面的临床应用价值。方法:对60例经手术病理证实的乳腺肿块病例的二维及彩色多普勒超声检查与病理结果进行回顾性分析。结果:乳腺癌诊断中,大多数恶性肿块表现为形态不规则、边缘粗糙、边界不清、内部回声不均匀、后方回声衰减。恶性肿块的血流显示率明显高,血流分布以Ⅱ、Ⅲ级为主。结论:二维声像图及彩色多普勒在乳腺癌诊断方面有较高的临床应用价值。由于良恶性肿物的影像互有交叉,其诊断符合率并非是100%。须两者联合应用,综合分析,方可提高超声对乳腺良恶性肿块的诊断符合率。     

乳腺癌患者的超声征象表现与组织学特征的关系研究

目的:研究乳腺癌患者的超声征象表现与组织学特征的关系。方法:收集自2012年5月-2016年5月在我院接受诊治的240例乳腺癌患者作为研究对象,所有患者手术前接受超声检查,分析超声征象与病理组织学分型、分级以及雌激素受体(ER)、孕激素受体(PR)表达之间的关系。结果:240例乳腺癌患者中,有57例(23.75%)呈规则形态,183例(76.25%)呈不规则形态;171例(71.25%)肿块边界有毛刺,69例(28.75%)肿块无毛刺;210例(87.50%)肿块呈现后方回声无衰减或增强,30例(12.50%)肿块呈现后方回声衰减;118例(49.17%)出现微小钙化,122例(50.83%)没有出现微小钙化。在不同病理学分型中,不规则形态、肿块边界毛刺发生率具有明显差异(P0.05),不规则形态发生率由高到低的顺序为:浸润性小叶癌、浸润性导管癌、导管内癌、特殊类型癌,浸润性导管癌和浸润性小叶癌边界毛刺发生率显著高于导管内癌和特殊类型癌(P0.05),而在不同病理组织学分型、病理学分级、ER表达、PR表达中,后方回声衰减、微小钙化发生率比较无明显差异(P0.05)。结论:乳腺癌超声征象表现与病理组织学特征密切相关,超声诊断对于病理组织学类型具有一定的预测作用。     

Myxoid leiomyosarcoma of the uterus. Report of a case with cytologic findings

BACKGROUND: Myxoid leiomyosarcoma is a rare variant of uterine sarcoma, exhibiting malignant biologic behavior despite the absence of cytologic atypia and of significant mitotic activity. CASE: A 20-year-old female was referred with a cystic pelvic mass. At laparotomy, the tumor, weighed 2,200 g and originating in the left lateral uterine wall, was removed. Microscopic examination revealed well-differentiated smooth muscle cells without atypia and with a few mitotic figures in the copious myxoid matrix, suggesting myxoid leiomyosarcoma. Three years following laparotomy, an irregular mass around the uterus was noted on sonographic examination, suggesting local recurrence. Two years and six months later, the second operation was performed, and a locally recurrent, multicystic tumor weighing 3,500 g was excised. The histopathology was similar to that of the primary tumor. Cytologic findings on imprint material from the tumor revealed a few isolated or sheet like small cells consisting of spindle and polygonal cells with round and oval nuclei. Cytologic atypia was also minimal. CONCLUSION: Myxoid leiomyosarcoma should be included in the differential diagnosis of smooth muscle neoplasia.     

Metanephric adenoma vs. Wilms' tumor: a report of 2 cases with diagnosis by fine needle aspiration and cytologic comparisons

BACKGROUND: Metanephric adenoma (MA) is a rare benign renal neoplasm that can occur at any age, whereas, Wilms' tumor (WT) is the most common malignant renal neoplasm in children and is occasionally seen in adults. CASES: In case 1, a 26-year-old male had a left renal mass. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) showed 3-dimensional sheets of cells with nuclear overlapping, molding, irregular nuclear membrane and distinct nucleoli. Frequent mitotic figures could be seen. The cytologic differential diagnosis included Wilms' tumor, neuroectodermal tumor and metanephric adenoma. Nephrectomy revealed Wilms' tumor. In case 2, a 24-year-old female presented with erythrocytosis and a right renal mass. FNA showed small, uniform cells with smooth nuclear membrane, fine chromatin and inconspicuous nucleoli. A diagnosis of metanephric adenoma was made and confirmed on nephrectomy. CONCLUSION: Differentiating MA from WT based on cytologic features on FNA biopsy prior to surgical resection can he difficult.     

Fine needle aspiration cytodiagnosis of leiomyosarcoma of the breast. A case report

BACKGROUND: Leiomyosarcoma of the breast is a rare tumor. Here we present a case in an elderly female in which the diagnosis was suggested from an aspirate sample. CASE: An 80-year-old female presented with an irregular, firm mass in the left breast of a few months' duration. In view of the clinical suspicion of a tumor, fine needle aspiration was performed. It showed a large number of dissociated cells and compact sheets of spindly and round cells with pleomorphic, hyperchromatic and anaplastic nuclei; mitoses; nucleoli; and somewhat-vacuolated, eosinophilic cytoplasm. Examination of the cell block, tumor tissue and immunostaining further suggested the cytologic impression of a leiomyosarcoma. CONCLUSION: Although leiomyosarcoma of the breast is very rare, fine needle aspiration cytology may allow the diagnosis to be suggested. Correlation with cell block findings and the application of appropriate immunostains as an adjuvant to standard cytologic and histologic stains may allow a more confident diagnosis.     

Basic principles and applications of fractal geometry in pathology: a review

The basic principles and prospects of fractal geometry in pathology are promising. All articles found with a PubMed search with the keywords fractal dimension (FD) and related to pathology were reviewed. All fractal objects have FDs, commonly calculated with box counting. Fractal geometry has been applied to measure the irregularities of nuclear and glandular margins to distinguish malignant lesions from benign ones, to measure the infiltrative margin of a malignant tumor, to assess tumor angiogenesis and to measure the distribution of collagen in tissue. Fractal geometry has also been applied to assess the irregular distribution of chromatin in malignant cells. Biologic model formation is possible with fractal geometry. In the future, fractal geometry may help with the diagnosis, understanding of pathogenesis and management of lesions. It may also provide new insights into disease processes.     

Morphometry of nucleoli as an indicator for grade of malignancy of bladder tumors

To establish a new indicator for the classification of human urinary bladder cancers, the nucleoli of normal epithelial and neoplastic cells were analyzed, using morphometric techniques. By electron microscopy, the nucleolar profiles of cells from grade 2 and 3 transitional cell carcinomas were often small and irregular. Morphometry showed that the nucleolar volumes, nucleolar/nuclear volume ratios, volume densities of various nucleolar components, and the numbers of fibrillar centers (FCs) altered significantly with an increase in tumor grade. In particular, an increase in FC numbers in the nuclei of higher grade tumors was associated with a decrease in individual volume. The number of FCs in intact urothelial cells obtained from patients with bladder tumors is significantly larger than in the normal urothelial cells. This may be related to the multicentric origin of bladder cancers. These results suggest that morphometric analysis of nucleoli is useful in evaluating the degree of differentiation and invasive capacity of human bladder tumor cells. In particular, the number and individual volume of FCs may be an indicator of tumor malignancy.     

Morphometry of nucleoli as an indicator for grade of malignancy of bladder tumors

To establish a new indicator for the classification of human urinary bladder cancers, the nucleoli of normal epithelial and neoplastic cells were analyzed, using morphometric techniques. By electron microscopy, the nucleolar profiles of cells from grade 2 and 3 transitional cell carcinomas were often small and irregular. Morphometry showed that the nucleolar volumes, nucleolar/nuclear volume ratios, volume densities of various nucleolar components, and the numbers of fibrillar centers (FCs) altered significantly with an increase in tumor grade. In particular, an increase in FC numbers in the nuclei of higher grade tumors was associated with a decrease in individual volume. The number of FCs in intact urothelial cells obtained from patients with bladder tumors is significantly larger than in the normal urothelial cells. This may be related to the multicentric origin of bladder cancers. These results suggest that morphometric analysis of nucleoli is useful in evaluating the degree of differentiation and invasive capacity of human bladder tumor cells. In particular, the number and individual volume of FCs may be an indicator of tumor malignancy.     

Cytologic detection of malignant lymphoma cells in urine and hydrocele fluid

The cytologic finding of malignant lymphoma cells in the urine and hydrocele fluid of a 32-year-old man is reported. The tumor cells were scattered singly and were slightly larger than normal lymphocytes. Their nuclei were ovoid or irregular in shape. Hyperchromasia, coarsely distributed chromatin and prominent nucleoli were characteristic. Histologic examination showed a non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphoma, corresponding to the large-cell type of diffuse lymphoma.