栓菌420漆酶同工酶B基因克隆及异源表达

根据铜结合区的保守氨基酸序列设计简并引物,扩增栓菌420(Trametessp.420)基因组,结合长距离反向PCR(LD-IPCR)技术,克隆得到新型漆酶同工酶B基因(lacB),包括结构基因(2255bp)及5′-和3′-非编码序列。lacB含12个内含子,其cDNA序列长1560bp,编码495aa成熟多肽和24aa信号肽。lacB与其它不同来源的真菌漆酶基因具有较高的同源性,而与植物、细菌、昆虫的漆酶基因同源性低于25%。将不含信号序列的lacBcDNA通过质粒pPIC9克隆到表达载体pPIC9K上,电击转化毕赤酵母GS115细胞,经BMM-ABTS平板筛选得到漆酶分泌阳性转化子。     

血红密孔菌(Pycnoporussanguineus)漆酶基因的克隆与序列分析

为克隆血红密孔菌 (Pycnoporussanguineus)漆酶基因 ,根据真菌漆酶氨基酸序列保守区设计了 1对简并引物 .以血红密孔菌基因组DNA为模板 ,PCR扩增出长 12 2 7bp的漆酶基因片段 .以此序列为基础 ,通过 5′及 3′RACE技术克隆出漆酶全长cDNA序列 ,序列长为 190 2bp ,其 5′端和 3′端非编码区长分别为 5 1bp和 2 97bp ,开放阅读框长 15 5 4bp ,编码 5 18个氨基酸的蛋白 .该蛋白具有 4个铜离子结合区域 ,预测其相对分子量为 5 6 313 2 ,等电点为 5 5 9,其氨基酸序列与Pycnoporuscinnabarinus漆酶 (lcc3 2 )的同源性最高 ,为 96 % .以该cDNA编码区的两端序列为引物 ,PCR扩增得到漆酶的长度为 2 15 4bp的全长DNA序列 ,序列中包括 10个内含子序列 ,长为 5 2～ 70bp     

草菇漆酶基因vv-lac1和vv-lac6的克隆及异源表达

【目的】克隆草菇漆酶基因vv-lac1和vv-lac6的全长cDNA,证实其编码的蛋白具有漆酶活性,最终建立草菇漆酶基因的异源表达及纯化体系。【方法】利用RACE技术克隆全长cDNA序列,并利用生物信息学技术进行序列分析,在此基础上,去除全长cDNA的编码信号肽的序列并在3'端添加His-tag碱基序列,把修饰后的cDNA片段克隆到表达载体pPIC9K上,并转化到毕赤酵母GS115中进行表达,对重组蛋白利用Ni柱进行分离纯化并以ABTS底物法检测重组蛋白的漆酶活性。【结果】vv-lac1和vv-lac6的全长cDNA的长度分别为1599 bp和1554 bp,且分别含有19和15个外显子;其编码的蛋白的理论分子量分别是57.3 kDa和56.3 kDa,理论等电点分别为4.73和5.62,且都属于分泌型的胞外蛋白;表达出的重组蛋白RBvvlac1和RBvvlac6,其分子量大小约为70 kDa,说明存在翻译后修饰;含有150 mmol/L咪唑的缓冲液对RBvvlac1和RBvvlac6发酵液进行洗脱所得到的蛋白溶液具有最高漆酶活性(333.17 U/L和227.63 U/L)。【结论】草菇漆酶基因vv-lac1和vv-lac6能够编码有活性的漆酶蛋白,本研究建立的异源表达及纯化体系适用于草菇或其它漆酶基因的异源表达与纯化。     

新月旋孢腔菌胞内漆酶的活性测定及漆酶基因ClLac1克隆

漆酶是一种含铜的多酚氧化酶,与植物病原菌致病性、黑色素合成及降解木质素等方面相关。为明确漆酶在新月旋孢腔菌的催化作用及其催化活性,以2,2′-连氮-双(3-乙基苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)（简称ABTS）为底物,利用分光光度计在420nm下测定胞内漆酶活力,结果表明酶活测定最佳反应条件为缓冲液pH2.8、Cu2+浓度500μmol/L和0.6mmol/L ABTS。根据漆酶Cu2+结合保守结构域设计了1条引物,对新月旋孢腔菌漆酶基因进行克隆,并通过RACE技术克隆了其全长cDNA序列。开放阅读框长1,803bp,     

毛木耳漆酶基因的克隆、序列分析及其鉴定

本文利用PCR和RACE技术首次从毛木耳AP4菌株中获得编码漆酶基因的cDNA及其基因组全长序列,基因组大小为2514 bp.通过比较该漆酶基因的cDNA和基因组DNA的全长序列,发现该基因包含14个外显子和13个内含子.cDNA序列的全长为1972 bp,其包含一个完整的ORE长度为1860 bp,编码619氨基酸,推测的分子量大小为68 kD,等电点pI为5.15.在氨基酸序列的氨基末端存在一个信号肽序列,同时该基因还包括含铜氧化酶的三个功能结构域KOG1263、SufI和pfam00394.氨基酸序列与GenBank中登录的真菌漆酶蛋白序列比对表明:该氨基酸序列与其它真菌漆酶蛋白序列有较高的同源性,氨基酸序列相同性最高达41%,相似性为58%,并且含有真菌漆酶的四个保守的Cu-bind结构域.将获得的漆酶基因lacl与毕赤酵母表达载体pPIC9K连接,构建重组质粒pYH3660,将其转化到毕赤酵母中,经甲醇诱导该基因在第10天产酶高达123 IU/L,并通过Native SDS-PAGE电泳获得预期大小的漆酶蛋白条带.结构分析和功能验证均表明:本研究获得的基因lacl为漆酶基因.     

莱氏野村菌Cq菌株几丁质酶基因的克隆与表达分析

【目的】为揭示昆虫病原真菌分泌的几丁质酶对宿主感染致病时的作用,对莱氏野村菌Cq菌株几丁质酶基因进行了克隆与表达,并检测了表达产物的活性。【方法】采用CTAB法提取菌体DNA,设计特异性引物,多次PCR扩增克隆莱氏野村菌Cq菌株几丁质酶基因全序列,并克隆基因的ORF片段chit1,与载体pPIC9K相连接,构建表达载体pPIC9K-Chit1,转入毕赤酵母感受态细胞中,然后通过1.5mg/L浓度的G418筛选及PCR验证,将阳性转化子进行诱导培养,对发酵液分别进行酶活性测定试验、几丁质酶透明圈验证试验和SDS-PAGE电泳检测。【结果】莱氏野村菌Cq菌株几丁质酶基因全长序列为2756bp(NCBI登录号:EU795711),PCR扩增得到开放阅读框ORF片段chit1为1827bp,其中包含3个内含子,5′端非编码区长76bp,3′端非编码区240bp,编码424个氨基酸的几丁质酶前体,理论信号肽剪切位点在Gly(20)与Leu(21)之间;毕赤酵母重组细胞发酵液中几丁质酶活性随着发酵时间的延长而增加,72h达到最大值482.5U/100μL,透明圈活性验证试验显示,在含1%的几丁质平板上可出现明显的透明圈,表达产物SDS-PAGE电泳检测其分子量为41.0kDa。【结论】本研究克隆到莱氏野村菌Cq菌株几丁质酶基因,其ORF成功重组到毕赤酵母中并表达出有活性的几丁质酶。基因表达产物的利用对进一步研究病原真菌染病昆虫的机制等具有重要意义。     

疏棉状嗜热丝孢菌脂肪酶基因的克隆及其在毕赤酵母中的高效表达

疏棉状嗜热丝孢菌Thermomyces lanuginosus可产生具有重要工业生产价值的脂肪酶。根据已报道的相应序列设计特异引物,综合运用PCR、RT-PCR技术克隆到脂肪酶基因的全长DNA和cDNA序列。其中DNA序列长1071bp,包含876bp的开放阅读框以及3段内含子;cDNA序列长885bp。结构基因编码蛋白包含292个氨基酸,前17个氨基酸构成信号肽。序列提交GenBank,登录号分别为EU022703和EU370914。将脂肪酶基因cDNA序列的开放阅读框克隆到酵母分泌型表达载体pPIC9K中,转化毕赤酵母GS115得到重组子且实现了分泌表达。将重组子诱导产酶,在培养温度30℃、甲醇添加量1%的情况下,小规模发酵量达0.93mg/mL,其分泌表达的最高酶活为7.2U/mL。重组酶最适反应温度和pH分别是60℃和8.0。表达蛋白在60℃保温1h后仍有完全酶活,具有较高的热稳定性。     

青霉菌聚半乳糖醛酸酶基因在毕赤酵母中的表达及酶学性质研究

筛选得到一株能分解果胶的青霉菌(Penicillium sp.),使用简并引物PCR和TAIL-PCR方法从该菌中克隆了一个聚半乳糖醛酸酶基因pgp1.pgp1基因全长1 225 bp,包含2个内含子,其cDNA全长1 104 bp,编码367个氨基酸和一个终止密码子,前18个氨基酸为信号肽序列.将pgp1基因连接pPIC9载体,在巴斯德毕赤酵母表达系统中进行了异源表达.在3L发酵罐水平,培养基中聚半乳糖醛酸酶活力达到700 U/mL.酶学性质测定表明,重组酶蛋白PGP1的最适pH为5.0,在pH4.0 -6.0下处理1h后,剩余酶活力超过90％;最适温度为38℃,以聚半乳糖醛酸为底物,PGP1的Km=(1.172±0.169)mg/mL,Vmax=(0.061±0.002) mg/min/mL.     

嗜热真菌Thermomyces lanuginosus热稳定几丁质酶基因的cDNA克隆及表达

根据Thermomyces lanuginosus热稳定几丁质酶Chit的N-端氨基酸序列和同源保守序列设计简并引物,通过RT-PCR及快速扩增cDNA末端(RACE)的方法,克隆了该几丁质酶的编码基因chit,全长cDNA为1500bp,包含一个由442个氨基酸组成的开放阅读框。该基因已在GenBank中注册,登录号为DQ092332。将成熟肽几丁质酶Chit阅读框与酵母表达载体pPIC9K连接,构建重组质粒pPIC9K/chit,转化毕赤酵母GS115,在甲醇的诱导下,成功地分泌出具生物活性的几丁质酶,诱导6d后酶活性达2.261U/mL,酶蛋白表达量为0.36mg/mL。该酶的最适反应温度和pH值分别为60℃和5.5,该酶在50℃以下稳定;65℃的半衰期为40min。     

漆酶高产工程菌构建及漆酶对RBBR的脱色作用

研究提取产漆酶白腐菌 (Fomelignosus)的总RNA ,利用RT PCR克隆到漆酶的cDNA ,并将其克隆到表达载体pGAPZA ,重组质粒经线性化、电激转化PichiapastorisGS115、通过底物显色反应筛选漆酶生产工程菌株 ,在最适培养条件下该菌株产酶活力高达 9 0 3U·mL-1。纯化得到漆酶对RBBR(RemazolbrilliantblueR)有很好的脱色作用 ,该酶的最适脱色pH为 5 0 ,最适脱色温度为 30℃。当溶液中漆酶活力为 1 0U·mL-1,在最适脱色条件下作用12h ,10 0mg·L-1RBBR溶液脱色率可达 90 %以上。     

灵芝(Ganoderma lucidum)漆酶基因的克隆及其序列分析

漆酶(laccase EC1·10·3·2)是一种含Cu的多酚氧化酶,自从1883年日本学者吉田首次从漆树汁液中发现以来,漆酶特别是真菌漆酶一直是生物学、化学和环境科学等领域十分活跃的研究热点,在纸浆的生物漂白[1,2],有毒污染物的降解[3~5]等方面有较大的应用价值.根据其来源主要分为漆树漆酶和真菌漆酶两大类,由一个结构相似的基因家族所编码,目前,至少有40个以上的真菌漆酶基因被克隆和测序[6~9],最近也有从细菌中克隆到漆酶基因的报道[10~12].我国幅员辽阔,具有十分丰富的真菌资源,但是我国对漆酶的研究与发达国家相比还十分落后,对于漆酶基因资…     

毛栓菌产漆酶条件优化及该酶对合成染料脱色的特性

【目的】提高菌株Trametes hirsuta SYBC-L19漆酶产量,并研究该酶对合成染料脱色的性质。【方法】通过单因素和响应面设计,对产漆酶培养基进行优化。【结果】最优培养基为:玉米粉20.0 g/L、马铃薯淀粉32.4 g/L、酒石酸铵2.9 g/L、吐温80 0.5 g/L、CuSO4.5H2O 2.0 mmol/L、香兰素0.54 mmol/L、NaH2PO4.2H2O 2.0 g/L、MgSO4.7H2O0.5 g/L、MnSO4.H2O 0.1 g/L;最佳培养条件为:培养温度30°C,初始pH 6.0,装液量40 mL/250 mL,接种量8%。【结论】培养8 d酶活达35 U/mL,是优化前的39倍。对漆酶催化合成染料脱色进行了考察,发现该酶在60°C下对偶氮类染料AR1和RB5能迅速脱色,5 min内即可完成。     

Molecular analysis of the laccase gene from the chestnut blight fungus and selective suppression of its expression in an isogenic hypovirulent strain.

The gene encoding laccase in the chestnut blight fungus, Cryphonectria parasitica, has been cloned and characterized. The predicted C. parasitica laccase amino acid sequence (591 aa) was 57% identical to the Neurospora crassa laccase sequence and contained four potential copper-binding regions that are conserved in a number of copper-binding proteins. Treatment of a virulent C. parasitica strain with 3 microM cycloheximide resulted in a marked increase in laccase mRNA accumulation, whereas identical treatment of an isogenic strain that contained a hypovirulence-associated virus failed to significantly increase laccase mRNA levels. In contrast, the accumulation of mRNAs encoding beta-tubulin, actin, or glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase was not appreciably altered by either the presence of a hypovirulence-associated virus or treatment with cycloheximide. These results provide evidence that the expression of a specific fungal gene encoding a known protein product is selectively modulated by a hypovirulence-associated virus.     

Laccase from Trametes hirsuta Grown on Paper Cuttings: Application to Synthetic Dye Decolorization at Different pH Values

The potential of paper cuttings to produce laccase from Trametes hirsuta grown under solid‐state conditions was investigated. In addition, cultures were also grown on barley bran, a support commonly used in solid‐state fermentation (SSF), for comparison. Paper cutting cultures showed a maximum individual laccase activity of 7695 U/L on day 9. In addition, the ability to decolorize two structurally different dyes (Indigo Carmine and Lissamine Green B) by the extracellular liquid from both paper and barley bran cultures at pH values between 2 and 11 was analyzed. Laccase‐containing enzyme preparations from both cultures decolorized the dyes tested at pH values between 4 and 7 and, in addition, the laccase‐containing enzyme preparation from paper cutting cultures was also able to decolorize the dyes tested at alkaline pH values. This is a very interesting and novel result, since no decolorization by fungal laccases has been reported until recently at pH values higher than pH 7.     

Production of Laccase by Trametes hirsuta Grown in an Immersion Bioreactor and its Application in the Docolorization of Dyes from a Leather Factory

An alternative system for producing laccase on a bioreactor scale by the white‐rot fungus Trametes hirsuta is proposed. The experiments were performed in an immersion bioreactor (employing cuttings of stainless steel sponges as a support) and the culture medium was supplemented with copper sulfate (1 mM). Operating under these conditions, it was possible to obtain a maximum laccase activity of nearly 5,000 U/L within 9 days. In addition, the ability of the crude laccase produced to decolorize two synthetic acid dyes utilized in the leather industry (Luganil Green and Sella Solid Red) was investigated. The effect of the pH and the enzyme activity on decolorization was analyzed. It was found that a pH of 4.0 and a laccase activity of 300 U/L were optimal for Luganil dye decolorization (16.2 % in 2 hours). Sella Solid Red showed its highest decolorization (around 40 % in 2 hours) when used at pH 5.0 and at a laccase activity of 1,000 U/L.     

Cloning and characterization of a laccase gene from the white-rot basidiomycete <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pleurotus ostreatus</Emphasis>

 The gene lccK encoding a laccase of the white-rot basidiomycete Pleurotus ostreatus wild-type strain collected in Japan has been cloned, sequenced, and characterized. The isolated gene consists of 2929 bp with the coding region interrupted by 19 introns and flanked by an upstream region in which putative CAAT and TATA elements were identified. Two putative N-glycosylation sites and four putative copper-binding sites found in other fungal laccase are conserved in lccK. The cDNA contains an open reading frame of 1599 bp and the gene encodes 533 amino acids preceded by a signal peptide of 23 amino acids. The nucleotide sequence of the lccK cDNA showed high homology with those of laccases of other basidiomycetes. Received: August 22, 2002 / Accepted: October 9, 2002 Present address: Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, Shimoshinjo-nakano, Akita 010-0195, Japan Correspondence to:K. Okamoto