Effets d'un Sejour à l'Obscurité sur le Pouvoir Germinatif et sur L'Evolution de l'Appareil Photosynthétique des Spores de Funaria hygrometrica

In Funaria spores fine structural changes occur, especially in the plastids, during prolonged incubation in darkness on an inorganic liquid medium, although under these conditions germination cannot take place. If then exposed to illumination, these spores germinate rapidly and synchronously. Chloroplasts formed in darkness have thicker grana, absorb more CO₂, have a higher reducing power, and give a more intense paramagnetic resonance signal than chloroplasts formed in light.     

Recherches Cytochimiques sur la Microsporidie Nosema bomycis au cours de son Développement chez le Ver à Soie (Bombyx mori)*

RESUME. La Microsporidie Nosema bombycis, Protozoaire parasite agent de la pébrine du ver à soie, a étéétudiée cytochimiquement à la fois en microscopie photonique et électronique. Les examens ont porté sur la détection et la localisation des acides nucléiques (ADN et ARN), des polysaccharides, de la phosphatase acide, au cours des différents stades du développement dans les cellules de I'hôte (du schizonte à la spore). Les principaux résultats concernent les observations relatives aux polysaccharides et à la phosphatase qui ne sont détectés qu'au stade de la spore et ne sont pas observés au stade du schizonte. Les polysaccharides sont présents au niveau du sac polaire, du filament polaire et sur la membrane cytoplasmique; la phosphatase acide est localisée au niveau du sac polaire, du filament polaire et dans la vacuole postérieure. SYNOPSIS. Nosema bombycis, agent of pebrine disease of silkworm, was studied cytochemically, using both light and electron microscopy. Presence of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA), polysaccharides, and acid phosphatases was demonstrated and localization of these substances was determined in various stages of the parasite (from the schizont to the spore). DNA and RNA were detected in all these stages. Polysaccharides and acid phosphatase were found in the spore but not in the schizogonic stages. Polysaccharides were detected in the polar cap, the polar filament, and the limiting membrane of the cytoplasm of the spore. Acid phosphatase was found in the polar cap, the polar filament, and the posterior vacuole.     

Donnees chronologiques et morphologiques sur le mode de formation des corps jaunes,dans les conditions de la ponte provoquee chez la ratte

Résumé Les modalités morphologiques et chronologiques de la formation des corps jaunes ont été étudiées dans les conditions de la ponte provoquée chez la ratte.Des rattes Wistar offrant des cycles de 4 jours et préparées au début du cycle par une dose non lutéinisante d'oestradiol ont été soumises le 2ème jour de ce cycle à un stimulus copulatoire de 8 coïts.Ce stimulus suscite la formation de deux types de corps jaunes: les uns sont des corps jaunes postovulatoires édifiés aux dépens de follicules rompus; les autres sont des corps jaunes à ovule inclus formés aux dépens de follicules non encore aptes à se rompre mais déjà aptes à se lutéiniser.Ces corps jaunes se forment progressivement de la 11ème à la 24ème heure après le rapprochement sexuel. Un petit nombre d'entre eux sont déjà repérables dans les ovaires de rattes sacrifiées 11 heures après le coït. Leur nombre s'accroît au cours des 13 heures suivantes aux dépens de follicules prélutéiniques que l'on observe dans les ovaires des rattes sacrifiées 11 heures après le coït.

---

Summary Morphological and chronological modalities of the formation of corpora lutea were studied in the conditions of evoked ovulation in the rat. 4-day cyclic female rats of the Wistar strain received at the beginning of the cycle a non luteinizing dose of oestradiol. They mated on the afternoon of the 2th day under visual control and mating was limited to 8 acts of coïtus. Two types of corpora lutea elicited by coïtus were observed i. e. postovulatory corpora lutea and corpora lutea with included ovocytes. Their formation proceed from about the 11th to the 24th hour after coïtus. A few number of these corpora lutea were already visible on the 11th hour post coïtum. Their number progressively increased during the following hours from preluteinic follicles which appeared in great number in the ovaries of animals sacrificed on the 11th hour after coïtus.

     

Synthèses ďacides nucléiques et de protéines au cours de ľinitiation de bourgeons adventifs sur des explantats de Cichorium intybus cultivés in vitro

Synthesis of nucleic acids and proteins during initiation of vegetative buds from explants of Cichorium intybus cultivated in vitro .
Explants of 6 mm diameter and 2 mm thickness from roots of Cichorium intybus L. (var. WitIoof cv. Zoom), grown in vitro in the presence of kinetin (l0_–6 M ), produced only buds. By comparing the histological events and the biochemical modifications which occurred during the neoformation of buds, it is possible to distinguish two distinct phases. The first phase starts immediately after the excision of the explants and continues for 30 h, when the mitotic index is at its highest. This corresponds to a phase of cellular activation, which is characterized by early synthesis of RNA, permitting the synthesis of proteins necessary for duplication of DNA and cell divisions. The second period starts after 30 h and ends after approximately 72 h of culture, at which time the first bud meristematic nodules were detected. This is a preparatory phase for organogenesis and above all related to synthesis of RNA and proteins.     

Traces d’impacts de projectiles sur le gibier : résultats comparés des tirs expérimentaux à l’arc et au propulseur effectués au Cedarc (Treignes, Belgique) en 2003 et 2004

In 2003 and 2004, two series of projectile experiments were organized by P. Cattelain and ourselves at the CEDARC/Musée du Malgré-Tout (Treignes, Belgium). The experiments involved the use of two male ox calves and two female fallow deers as targets for bow and spearthrower shooting. Our main focus was a functional analysis of the antler projectile tips from the Upper Magdalenian layer of the Isturitz cave site (Pyrénées-Atlantiques, France). The study of the impact traces on the bones of the target animals was also included in the project; its results are presented here. The observation of these 127 traces led us to reconsider the nomenclature suggested by P. Morel, and to distinguish between three major traces: notches, punctures and perforations. Correlations appear between the nature of the trace and the shape of the bone (e.g., scapulae strongly associated to perforations), and the bone's mineral content: compared to adult long bones, immature long bones are much more easily perforated by projectile points, which usually remain firmly caught in them. However, our results do not show a clear distinction between the impact traces left by the bow and by the spearthrower.