异源D-海因酶和N-氨甲酰水解酶共表达重组枯草芽孢杆菌的构建

【目的】构建异源D-海因酶和N-氨甲酰水解酶共表达的重组枯草芽孢杆菌,探讨其作为全细胞催化剂合成D-对羟基苯甘氨酸的可行性。【方法】采用P_(aco)表达盒表达D-海因酶基因hyd或sd1,采用P_(AE)表达盒表达N-氨甲酰水解酶基因adc。分别以质粒pHP13和pUB110为载体,构建D-海因酶和N-氨甲酰水解酶共表达质粒pHCS、pHCY和pUCS。在受体菌中整合表达了acoR和sigL基因,敲除了skf和sdp基因。将共表达质粒分别转化不同的受体菌,通过测定全细胞催化活性,表征D-海因酶和N-氨甲酰水解酶共表达的效果。【结果】带有质粒pHCY和pHCS的重组菌,全细胞催化活性分别为0.21 U/mL和0.31 U/mL。整合表达acoR和sigL基因以及高拷贝质粒pUCS,使全细胞催化活性达到1.0 U/mL。【结论】异源D-海因酶和N-氨甲酰水解酶在枯草芽孢杆菌中能够正确表达。基因拷贝数、acoR和sigL基因表达水平,及skf和sdp基因缺失对重组菌的催化活性具有显著影响。     

嗜热菌Bacillus fordii 3-2海因酶的纯化及性质

对自行筛选的海因酶法L-苯丙氨酸生产菌株Bacillus fordii 3-2中的海因酶进行了分离纯化及相关性质研究.该海因酶协同L-氨甲酰水解酶是海因酶法生产L-氨基酸的关键酶.B.fordii 3-2菌悬液经压力破碎离心后取上清液为粗酶液,粗酶液通过硫酸铵分级沉淀、Phenyl FF(high sub) 疏水层析以及Source 15Q离子交换层析,经SDS-PAGE分析达到电泳纯,亚基相对分子质量为55×103,海因酶的纯化回收率为20.5%,纯化倍数为149.23.该海因酶在pH 8.0～10.0的范围内具有较高的活性,在45～70℃具有很高的酶活力, 最适反应pH和温度分别为10.0 ℃和65 ℃.纯酶易氧化失活,DTT对该酶有一定的保护作用.二价金属离子,Mn2 、Co2 及Fe2 对酶活性有显著的促进作用,而Ca2 、Cu2 等对酶活性有抑制作用.相关研究可为该菌株及海因酶的进一步开发与应用提供理论指导.     

海因酶法制备D-对羟基苯甘氨酸的研究进展

D-对羟基苯甘氨酸(D-HPG)主要用于合成β-内酰胺类半合成抗生素,是国内最紧缺的医药中间体之一。微生物酶法是目前获得光学纯D-HPG的重要途径,微生物中起催化作用的主要是D-海因酶和N-氨甲酰水解酶。文章综述了产酶微生物的来源,酶的理化性质,以及培养条件的优化、基因工程、酶的固定化技术生产D-HPG的研究进展。     

微生物乙内酰脲酶及其研究进展

乙内酰脲酶是广泛分布在微生物中的一类可降解乙内酰脲酶类化合物的酶系 ,包括乙内酰脲水解酶、N-氨甲酰氨基酸水解酶及乙内酰脲消旋酶。微生物的乙内酰脲酶在结构与组成、立体选择性、底物专一性、反应条件和作用机制等方面有所不同 ,在各种 L-及 D-型氨基酸的酶法生产中具有良好的应用前景。本文对乙内酰脲酶研究及应用的一般情况作了概述 ,并讨论了有关乙内酰脲酶研究的主要研究进展     

构建重组枯草芽孢杆菌催化制备D-对羟基苯甘氨酸

目的: 在Bacillus subtilis中表达异源D-海因酶基因(hyd)和D-氨甲酰水解酶基因(adc),构建重组细胞作为催化剂,用于生产D-对羟基苯甘氨酸(D-HPG)。方法: 构建hyd表达质粒,考察培养基中二价金属离子对D-海因酶活性的影响。过表达acoR基因,考察AcoR蛋白胞内水平与P_acoA-hyd基因拷贝数的关系。筛选表达adc基因的启动子,构建hyd和adc基因共表达质粒,考察双酶活性菌株的催化特性。结果: 成功构建了海因酶表达质粒pHPS和pUBS,培养基中添加0.8mmol/L的MnCl₂·4H₂O,使168N/pUBS菌株的D-海因酶活性达到956U/gDCW。整合表达P_cdd-acoR基因,使LSL02/pUBS菌株的D-海因酶活性达到1 470U/gDCW。单拷贝P_AE-adc基因的表达水平相对最高。双酶共表达质粒pUBSC被成功构建,菌株LSL02/pUBSC的最适催化温度为40℃45℃,催化活性能够持续12h,当底物起始浓度为20g/L时,反应12h生成的D-HPG达到14.32g/L,转化率达到95%,收率超过80%。结论: 构建具有D-海因酶和D-氨甲酰水解酶双酶活性的重组Bacillus subtilis作为全细胞催化剂,用于海因酶法生产D-HPG,具有技术上的可行性和优势。     

节杆菌K1108乙内酰脲酶产酶条件研究

研究了乙内酰脲酶产生菌节杆菌K1108的产酶条件。该菌乙内酰脲酶为诱导酶,存在于细胞内,乙内酰脲水解酶和N氨甲酰氨基酸水解酶是同时被诱导产生。最适诱导物为5苄基乙内酰脲,而5吲哚甲基乙内酰脲和5苯基乙内酰脲等不能诱导其酶的产生。筛选到一种安慰诱导物,诱导活性提高了2倍多。对产酶培养基进行了筛选和优化,在最适条件下,K1108产酶能力可达108U/mL。     

N-氨甲酰基氨基酸水解酶在毕赤酵母中的表达

N-氨甲酰氨基酸水解酶是乙内酰脲酶系的组成部分,催化N-氨甲酰氨基酸水解为相应氨基酸。节杆菌BT801的N-氨甲酰氨基酸水解酶是该菌乙内酰脲酶系中惟一具立体专一性的酶,也是整个反应体系的限速酶。通过PCR从携带乙内酰脲酶系完整操纵子的亚克隆质粒pUC18-169上扩增得到N-氨甲酰氨基酸水解酶基因(hyuC)片段,连接到载体pPIC3.5K上,经BglⅡ酶切线性化,通过PEG法转化导入毕赤酵母GS115感受态细胞,利用G418抗性筛选得到插入多拷贝目的基因的转化子。酶活性分析表明所得转化子具     

枯草杆菌JSIM-1018糖代谢突变株积累D-核糖研究

从收集的Bacillus,Brevibacterum,Corynebacterium,Pseudomonas,Arthrobacter等属菌种中进行D-核糖产生菌的筛选,对其中BacillusSM-18菌株用紫外线和甲基磺酸乙酯诱变,选育到莽草酸营养缺陷型突变株JSIM-1018．发酵产物经物理、化学鉴定为D-核糖．某些有机氮源如酵母粉、玉米浆、牛肉膏、蛋白陈以及某些芳香族氨基酸对突变株积累D-核糖有促进作用。在以葡萄糖为碳源的培养液中,摇瓶发酵D-核糖最高可达929／L,3000L发酵罐中     

微波诱变结合底物类似物选育恶臭假单胞杆菌

利用微波辐照恶臭假单胞菌进行诱变处理,结合底物类似物的筛选方法,结果选育到一株产海因酶和N-甲酰基水解酶的高酶活菌株MW303;高效液相色谱(HPLC)分析结果显示:该菌的总酶活由0.218升高至0.612,提高了280.73%。     

辣椒根际促生菌的分离筛选及抗病促生特性研究

获得辣椒根际促生菌(Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria,PGPR)并探究其抗病促生特性。采用固氮、无机磷和有机磷培养基从江苏省徐州市采集的辣椒根际土壤中分离筛选根际促生菌株(PGPR),通过形态特征及16S rDNA序列分析进行菌株鉴定,对菌株的固氮、解磷、分泌3-吲哚乙酸(IAA)能力及对4种辣椒病害病原菌抗病能力进行探究。得到13株辣椒PGPR菌株,经鉴定分别属于Bacillus、Pseudomonas、Lelliottia、Siccibacter、Achromobacter、Microbacterium和Paenibacillus;13株PGPR菌株均有固氮功能;其中7株可解有机磷,分别属于Lelliottia、Bacillus、Siccibacter、Microbacterium、Paenibacillus;5株可解无机磷,分别属于Lelliottia、Bacillus、Siccibacter、Pseudomonas;3株具有分泌IAA能力,分别属于Lelliottia、Siccibacter、Bacillus;5株具有抗病能力,分别属于Bacillus、Lelliottia、Siccibacter。辣椒根际土壤含有在农业生产上具有潜在的应用价值的多功能根际促生菌。     

Embryo and Endosperm Function and Failure inSolanumSpecies and Hybrids

Although the importance of the endosperm as a food store inmany angiosperm seeds is well known, its significance duringearly embryogenesis has been neglected. In many interspecifichybrids, and in some other situations, embryos do not developfully and abort. It has often been stated that this is causedby the endosperm failing to conduct sufficient nutrients tothe embryo, but seldom has it been suggested that the endospermactively controls most of the early stages of morphogenesisof the embryo. Information gleaned from a broad survey of theliterature, combined with additional evidence presented here,obtained fromSolanum incanumand interspecific hybrids, indicatethat the endosperm is dynamic and very active in regulatingearly embryo development. This requires highly integrated geneticcontrol of rapidly changing metabolism in the endosperm. Ininterspecific hybrids, lack of coordination may cause unbalancedproduction of growth regulating substances by the endospermand hence abortion of the embryo, or even unregulated productionof nucleases and proteases resulting firstly in autolysis ofthe endosperm and then digestion of the embryo. The endospermmay thus serve to detect inappropriate hybridization of speciesor ploidy levels and so prevent waste of resources by producingseeds that would result in sterile hybrids or unthrifty subsequentgenerations. This discriminatory function of the endosperm hasdiminished during evolution and domestication of the crop plantSolanummelongenaL.Copyright 1998 Annals of Botany Company Solanum, embryo morphogenesis, endosperm, hybrid, seed development.     

HIFs and tumors--causes and consequences

For most organisms oxygen is essential fo life. When oxygen levels drop below those required to maintain the minimum physiological oxygen requirement of an organism or tissue it is termed hypoxia. To counter act possible deleterious effects of such a state, an immediate molecular response is initiated causing adaptation responses aimed at cell survival. This response is mediated by the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), which is a heterodimer consisting of an alpha- and a beta-subunit. HIF-1 alpha protein is stabilized under hypoxic conditions and therefore confers selectivity to this response. Hypoxia is characteristic of tumors, mainly because of impaired blood supply resulting from abnormal growth. Over the past few years enormous progress has been made in the attempt to understand how the activation of the physiological response to hypoxia influences neoplastic growth. In this review some aspects of HIF-1 pathway activation in tumors and the consequences for pathophysiology and treatment of neoplasia are discussed.     

Pragmatic Women and Body Politics and Maternities and Modernities: Colonial and Postcolonial Experiences in Asia and the Pacific

Pragmatic Women and Body Politics. Margaret Lock and Patricia A. Kaufert. eds. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1998. xii +364 pp.
Maternities and Modernities: Colonial and Postcolonial Experiences in Asia and the Pacific. Kalpana Ram and Margaret Jolly. eds. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1998. xiv. 305 pp.     

Morphological and constitutional features and self-esteem in children and adolescents

Studies of human constitution and mental features are traditionally among the main concepts of anthropological research. In this research, we attempted to discover connections between morphological and constitutional features and self-esteem in children and adolescents. Such a connection was discovered in some studied age groups. The obtained results could serve as a basis for further studies in this field.     

白蚁与动物及微生物的共生类型及其机制

综述了白蚁螱客的主要种类、共生关系及相关机制的研究进展。白蚁螱客中,已报道的动物种类达170种。在与动物的共生关系中存在偏利共生（宾主共栖和异种共栖）、互利共生和无关共生三种;在与微生物的共生关系中,存在与内生菌（原生动物、细菌、真菌和放线菌）和外生菌（蚁巢伞菌等）间的互利关系。指出了白蚁与螱客研究中存在的问题,给出了解决方案,并提出了今后可能的研究热点或方向,为白蚁的综合利用（如纤维素酶）及今后研究物种间的协同进化提供了基础资料。