委内瑞拉链霉菌秦岭变种属间接合转移系统的构建及透明颤菌血红蛋白的表达

【目的】构建委内瑞拉链霉菌秦岭变种属间接合转移系统及透明颤菌血红蛋白的表达。【方法】以链霉菌广泛使用的整合型质粒pSET152和复制型pHZ1358为出发质粒,通过供体大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)ET12567(pUZ8002)进行属间接合转移委内瑞拉链霉菌秦岭变种。【结果】确定了该变种的最佳接合转移条件;通过SOE-PCR(Splicing by overlap extension PCR)技术构建含PermE和vhb结构基因融合片段的整合型表达载体pJD100,转化ET12567(pUZ8002)后属间接合转移委内瑞拉链霉菌秦岭变种。通过PCR和CO结合差光谱验证了vhb基因在委内瑞拉链霉菌秦岭变种中的整合表达。【结论】本文首次探索了委内瑞拉链霉菌秦岭变种接合转移系统,确定了委内瑞拉链霉菌秦岭变种的最佳接合转移条件,并采用基因工程手段使vhb基因在委内瑞拉链霉菌秦岭变种中获得表达。     

黑暗链霉菌DNA转移系统的建立

研究了黑暗链霉菌的基因转移系统,探索了通过PEG介导的原生质体转化、接合转移向黑暗链霉菌中转入外源DNA的可能性。多次尝试用质粒pIJ702转化黑暗链霉菌9904原生质体均未成功。对原生质体进行“热处理”后转化、利用单链DNA转化等都不能将质粒导入黑暗链霉菌中,表明黑暗链霉菌对外源DNA有很强的限制修饰作用。利用接合转移将具有oriT的大肠杆菌链霉菌穿梭质粒pHZ132转入大肠杆菌ET12567(pUZ8002)中,获得供体菌ET12567(pUZ8002,pHZ132)。将供体菌与预萌发的黑暗链霉菌9904的孢子进行接合转移,成功地将pHZ132转入黑暗链霉菌9904中。质粒pHZ132经黑暗链霉菌自身修饰后也可转入黑暗链霉菌9904菌株的原生质体中,转化率约为103/μg DNA(pHZ132)。     

玫瑰黄链霉菌Men-myco-93-63 nsdAmgh基因阻断突变株的构建

为研究从玫瑰黄链霉菌Men-myco-93-63中克隆到的,与天蓝色链霉菌M 145中的一个重要负调控基因nsd A基因同源的nsdA_(mgh)基因的功能,本文构建了nsd A_(mgh)基因破坏型重组质粒pSRNA2500(pKC1139::1.5 kb nsdA_(mgh)::1.0 kb Km~r),转化ET12567(pUZ8002)获得接合转移供体菌ET12567(pUZ8002,pSRNA2500),通过接合转移将重组质粒导入玫瑰黄链霉菌Men-myco-93-63中。在高温和抗生素双重筛选压力下,筛选得到表型为Am~sKm~r的nsd A_(mgh)基因阻断突变株,通过PCR、Dot bloting和Southern blotting验证了突变株中的nsdA_(mgh)基因已被正确阻断。与出发菌株相比,突变株在摇瓶水平上对棉花黄萎病菌的抑制能力提高了一倍。     

大肠杆菌-链霉菌穿梭表达载体pMF的构建及其应用

【目的】构建能定点整合到链霉菌(Streptomyces)染色体上的高效表达载体。【方法】以链霉菌自杀型表达载体pLSB2为基础,通过插入链霉菌噬菌体ΦC31整合酶基因int和attP位点(Phage attachment site),构建了能在大肠杆菌和链霉菌之间进行接合转移并定点整合到链霉菌染色体上的表达载体pMF。将pMF转化大肠杆菌ET12567(pUZ8002),并分别接合转移天蓝色链霉菌(Streptomyces coelicolorM145)、变铅青链霉菌(Streptomyces lividansTK24)和红色糖多孢菌(Saccharopolyspora erythraea2338),挑取接合子进行PCR和Southern杂交检测。将来自刺糖多孢菌S08-4的S-腺苷甲硫氨酸合成酶基因(SAM-s)克隆到载体pMF的启动子下游,接合转移到天蓝色链霉菌中。【结果】表明pMF成功整入链霉菌染色体,并且检测到目的蛋白的表达。【结论】构建的pMF载体可作为外源基因定点整合表达的有效工具,为后续的基因功能研究以及链霉菌的遗传改造奠定了基础。     

大肠杆菌-链霉菌高效接合载体的构建及其应用

以链霉菌质粒SCP2^*的衍生质粒pHJL400为基础,构建了能够在大肠杆菌到链霉菌之间进行高效接合转移的质粒DGH112。pGH112含有在大肠杆菌和链霉菌中复制起始位点,以及分别在大肠杆菌和链霉菌中进行筛选的抗性标记。用pGH112转化Escherichia coli ET12567(pUZ8002)后,与天蓝链霉菌(Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2))、除虫链霉菌(Streptomyces avermitilis)、变铅青链霉菌(Streptomyces lividans TK54)、毒三素链霉菌(Streptomyces toxytricini NRRL15443)、委内瑞拉链霉菌(Streptomyces．vertezuelae ISP5230)和红色糖多孢菌(Saccharopolypora erythraea)进行接合,发现本构建的pGH112与pKC1139相比,接合转移效率较高,稳定性好,而且宿主范围较广。把组成型启动子ermE^*与绿色荧光蛋白基因(gfp)克隆到本构建的pGH112,通过接合转移到链霉菌中,gfp获得表达,证明其可以用作基因接合转移的有效工具载体,这为研究链霉菌的基因功能创造了有利条件。     

Fostriecin产生菌Streptomyces pulveraceus遗传转化体系的建立与优化

【目的】建立并优化链霉菌Fostriecin产生菌Streptomyces pulveraceus的遗传转化系统。【方法】以整合型质粒pSET152为出发质粒,通过供体菌E.coli ET12567/pUZ8002与受体菌Streptomyces pulveraceus进行接合转移。【结果】确定了链霉菌Streptomyces pulveraceus的最佳接合转移条件:培养基为终浓度含15%甘氨酸的MS培养基;孢子热激条件为50°C 10 min;阿伯拉霉素覆盖的时间为18 h,终浓度为20 mg/L。同时,把组成型启动子ermE+与绿色荧光蛋白基因(gfp)克隆到pSET152载体上,通过接合转移整合到该链霉菌中,gfp获得表达。【结论】建立Fostriecin产生菌的遗传转化系统,并发现甘氨酸能显著提高链霉菌的接合转移效率。     

大肠杆菌-链霉菌高效接合载体的构建及其应用

以链霉菌质粒SCP2 的衍生质粒pHJL400为基础 ,构建了能够在大肠杆菌到链霉菌之间进行高效接合转移的质粒pGH112。pGH112含有在大肠杆菌和链霉菌中复制起始位点 ,以及分别在大肠杆菌和链霉菌中进行筛选的抗性标记。用pGH112转化EscherichiacoliET12567(pUZ8002 )后 ,与天蓝链霉菌 (StreptomycescoelicolorA3(2 ) )、除虫链霉菌 (Streptomycesavermitilis)、变铅青链霉菌 (StreptomyceslividansTK54 )、毒三素链霉菌 (StreptomycestoxytriciniNRRL15443)、委内瑞拉链霉菌 (Streptomyces.venezuelaeISP5230 )和红色糖多孢菌 (Saccharopolyporaerythraea)进行接合 ,发现本文构建的pGH112与pKC1139相比 ,接合转移效率较高 ,稳定性好 ,而且宿主范围较广。把组成型启动子ermE 与绿色荧光蛋白基因 (gfp)克隆到本文构建的pGH112 ,通过接合转移到链霉菌中 ,gfp获得表达,证明其可以用作基因接合转移的有效工具载体,这为研究链霉菌的基因功能创造了有利条件上。     

黑暗链霉菌DNA同源重组系统的构建

以黑暗链霉菌Tt-49基因组为模板,利用PCR方法,扩增安普霉素生物合成关键基因aprF-G的上、下游序列,作为同源交换臂,并将红霉素抗性基因筛选标记及其启动子插入两交换臂之间,以温敏型质粒pKC1139为基础,构建用于阻断黑暗链霉菌Tt-49安普霉素生物合成的重组质粒pFD8.该质粒通过E.coil ET12567/pUZ8002去甲基化修饰后,经接舍转移进入黑暗链霉菌Tt-49,利用红霉素抗性筛选得到3株阳性转化子,分别命名为Tt-49 AG1、Tt-49 AG2和Tt-49 AG3.通过PCR鉴定,证明pFD8已插入黑暗链霉菌Tt-49基因组的目标位点.以亲株作对照,对3株工程菌进行红霉素抗性能力考察,发现3株工程菌的抗红霉素能力均高迭1 000 μg/mL以上.     

利迪链霉菌nsdA基因的克隆及其阻断载体的构建

[目的]构建nsdA基因的敲除载体和表达载体,获得阳性转化子。[方法]根据GenBank中报道的天蓝色链霉菌nsdA基因序列设计引物,在利迪链霉菌产纳他霉素菌株A01、A02和G117中扩增到预期目的片段,进一步克隆nsdA基因全长序列;经BLAST比对,其核苷酸序列及其编码蛋白的氨基酸序列与天蓝色链霉菌均有较高同源性,据此判断利迪链霉菌A01、A02、G117中含有nsdA基因;进一步构建nsdA基因的敲除载体pLM103和表达载体pIBN139,转入大肠杆菌ET12567(puz8002)。[结果]nsdA基因全长序列1 407 bp,编码468个氨基酸,构建了nsdA基因的敲除载体pLM103和表达载体pIBN139。[结论]成功构建nsdA基因的敲除载体pLM103和表达载体pIBN139,并获得阳性转化子,为后续构建利迪链霉菌nsdA基因阻断突变株,以进一步探究nsdA基因在利迪链霉菌纳他霉素生物合成中的调控作用奠定了基础。     

Streptomyces lincolnensis新遗传操作方法的建立以及lmbQ基因功能研究

以载体pSET152和pKC1139为出发质粒,通过供体菌大肠杆菌ET12567和S17-1转入林可链霉菌 (Streptomyces lincolnensis),建立和优化了接合转移体系.林可霉素生物合成基因簇中,lmbQ基因可能编码一个调控蛋白,构建了S.lincolnensis lmbQ基因中断载体,通过接合转移导入S.lincolnensis野生型菌株,筛选得到基因双交换突变株,通过PCR以及测序验证基因型正确,该突变株即为lmbQ同框敲除突变株.摇瓶发酵结果表明,lmbQ基因是一个正调控基因.     

Intergeneric conjugation in Streptomyces peucetius and Streptomyces sp. strain C5: chromosomal integration and expression of recombinant plasmids carrying the chiC gene

Intergeneric conjugal transfer of plasmid DNA from Escherichia coli to Streptomyces circumvents problems such as host-controlled restriction and instability of foreign DNA during the transformation of Streptomyces protoplasts. The anthracycline antibiotic-producing strains Streptomyces peucetius and Streptomyces sp. strain C5 were transformed using E. coli ET12567(pUZ8002) as a conjugal donor. When this donor species, carrying pSET152, was mated with Streptomyces strains, the resident plasmid was mobilized to the recipient and the transferred DNA was also integrated into the recipient chromosome. Analysis of the exconjugants showed stable integration of the plasmid at a single chromosomal site (attB) of the Streptomyces genome. The DNA sequence of the chromosomal integration site was determined and shown to be conserved. However, the core sequence, where the crossover presumably occurred in C5 and S. peucetius, is TTC. These results also showed that the phiC31 integrative recombination is active and the phage attP site is functional in S. peucetius as well as in C5. The efficiency and specificity of phiC31-mediated site-specific integration of the plasmid in the presence of a 3.7-kb homologous DNA sequence indicates that integrative recombination is preferred under these conditions. The integration of plasmid DNA did not affect antibiotic biosynthesis or biosynthesis of essential amino acids. Integration of a single copy of a mutant chiC into the wild-type S. peucetius chromosome led to the production of 30-fold more chitinase.     

Intergeneric conjugation in holomycin-producing marine Streptomyces sp. strain M095

Marine Streptomyces are potential candidates for novel natural products and industrial catalysts. In order to set up biosynthesis approach for a holomycin-producing strain M095 isolated from Jiaozhou Bay, China, a genetic transformation system was established using intergeneric conjugation. The plasmid pIJ8600 consists of an origin of replication for Escherichia coli, a phage integrase directing efficient site-specific integration in bacterial chromosome, thiostrepton-induced promoter and an attP sequence. Using E. coli ET12567 (pUZ8002) carrying pIJ8600 as a conjugal donor, while it was mated with strain M095, pIJ8600 was mobilized to the recipient and the transferred DNA was also integrated into the recipient chromosome. The frequency of exconjugants was 1.9+/-0.13x10(-4) per recipient cell. Analysis of eight exconjugants showed pIJ8600 was stable integrated at a single chromosomal site (attB) of the Streptomyces genome. The DNA sequence of the attB was cloned and shown to be conserved. The results of growth and antimicrobial activity analysis indicated that the integration of pIJ8600 did not seem to affect the biosynthesis of antibiotics or other essential amino acids. To demonstrate the feasibility of above gene transfer system, the allophycocyanin gene (apc) from cyanobacterium Anacystis nidulans UTEX625 was expressed in strain M095, and the results indicated heterologous allophycocyanin could be expressed and folded effectively.     

林可链霉菌NRRL 2936中帕马霉素生物合成基因簇的异源 表达及调控基因功能研究

【背景】帕马霉素属于大环内酯类抗生素,具有较好的抗感染活性。该类化合物独特的化学结构和显著的生理活性受到了许多研究者的关注。同时,本实验室在林可链霉菌NRRL2936的全基因组序列中发现了帕马霉素的生物合成基因簇。【目的】尽管其生物合成途径已经得到了解析,但其生物合成基因簇中的2个调控基因功能尚不清楚。本研究从林可链霉菌NRRL2936的基因组文库中克隆了含有帕马霉素生物合成完整基因簇的质粒pJQK450,开展了质粒pJQK450在链霉菌中的异源表达,实现了帕马霉素的异源合成,并初步确定该生物合成基因簇中两个调控基因的功能。【方法】利用聚合酶链式反应递缩基因组文库筛选的方法,从林可链霉菌(Streptomyces lincolnensis)NRRL 2936基因组文库中筛选到了含有帕马霉素生物合成完整基因簇的Fosmid质粒pJQK450。然后,将该质粒转化到E.coli ET12567/pUZ8002中,利用大肠杆菌-链霉菌双亲接合转移的方法将pJQK450转入异源宿主中。对获得的异源表达菌株进行发酵产物的制备,采用耻垢分枝杆菌mc2155作为指示菌株进行帕马霉素生物活性测试,并结合LC-MS的分析确定帕马霉素的产生情况。最后,通过基因失活与回补的方法,考察帕马霉素生物合成基因簇中调控蛋白PamR1和PamR2对帕马霉素生物合成的影响。【结果】帕马霉素生物合成基因簇在天蓝色链霉菌M1154中实现了表达,证明PamR1和PamR2负调控了帕马霉素生物合成的过程。【结论】帕马霉素完整基因簇的成功异源表达,一方面便于其生物合成途径的遗传改造,为帕马霉素的生物合成及优产改造研究奠定了基础;另外,调控基因功能的研究为帕马霉素的产量优化提供了改造的目标。     

Development of an intergeneric conjugal transfer system for rimocidin‐producing Streptomyces rimosus

Aims: To develop an intergeneric conjugation system for rimocidin‐producing Streptomyces rimosus. Methods and Results: High efficiencies of conjugation [10^?2–10^?3 transconjugants/recipient colony forming units (CFU)] were obtained when spores of S. rimosus were heat treated at 40°C for 10 min prior to mixing with E. coli ET12567(pUZ8002/pIJ8600) as donor. Mycelium from liquid grown cultures of S. rimosus could also be used as recipient instead of spores, with 24‐h cultures giving optimal results. TSA (Oxoid) medium containing 10 m mol l^?1 MgCl₂ was the preferred medium for conjugation. Southern hybridization was used to confirm that transconjugants of S. rimosus contained a single copy of pIJ8600 integrated at a unique chromosomal attachment site (attB). The transconjugants exhibited a high stability of plasmid integration and showed strong expression of green fluorescent protein when using pIJ8655 as the conjugative vector. Conclusion: Intergeneric conjugation between E. coli and S. rimosus was achieved at high efficiency using both spores and mycelium. Significance and Impact of the Study: The conjugation system developed provides a convenient gene expression system for S. rimosus R7 and will enable the genetic manipulation of the rimocidin gene cluster.     

Effect of the gene for bacterial hemoglobin vhb on the effectiveness of the process of Escherichia coli-Streptomyces interspecies conjugation and production of antibiotics in streptomycetes

The bacterial hemoglobin vhb gene was cloned from sliding bacterium Vitreoscilla sp. as an element of the system ensuring survival of this microorganism in an environment that contains insufficient amount of oxygen. The vhb gene was transferred from Escherichia coli to some Streptomyces strains, producers of antibiotics, by the method of intergeneric conjugation using conjugative-integrative plasmid vectors pIH1 and pCH2. The stability of plasmid DNA inheritance was analyzed in the genomes of exconjugants. A positive effect of the vhb gene on processes of conjugation and antibiotic production in a number of examined strains was shown.     

透明颤菌血红蛋白在肉桂地链霉菌中的表达对基因细胞生长及抗生素合成的影响

肉桂地链霉菌（S.cinnamonensis)是莫能菌素（Monensin)的产生菌,大肠杆菌－链霉菌穿梭表达载体pHZ1252中的透明颤菌血红蛋白基因（vhb)位于硫链丝菌素诱导启动子ＰtipA之下,它在肉桂地链霉菌中的结构不稳定,,发生了重组缺失,缺失的片段包括大肠杆菌质粒部分vhb基因。但来自阿维链霉菌(S.avermitilis)中缺失了大肠杆菌质粒部分却保留了完整的vhb基因及tipA启动子的pHZ1252,可在肉桂地链霉菌中稳定复制,不再发生缺失,经硫链丝菌素诱导表达出了有生物活性的ＶＨb蛋白,摇瓶发酵实验证明,ＶＨb蛋白在氧限条件下可明显促进肉桂地链霉菌的菌体生长和抗生素合成。     

透明颤菌血红蛋白基因在阿维链霉菌中的表达

将含有自身启动子的透明颤菌血红蛋白基因（ ｖｈｂ） 克隆至大肠杆菌—链霉菌穿梭质粒载体ｐＩＪ６５３ 中构建成表达载体ｐ ＷＹ１０１ 和ｐ ＷＹ１０２ ,用它们转化阿维菌素（ａｖｅｒｍｅｃｔｉｎｓ） 产生菌———阿维链霉菌（ Ｓｔｒｅｐｔｏｍｙｃｅｓ ａｖｅｒｍｉｔｉｌｉｓ） ,经Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ ｂｌｏｔｔｉｎｇ 分析并未检测到ｖｈｂ 基因表达,但用穿梭载体ｐＨＺ１２５２（ 其中的ｖｈｂ 基因位于受硫链丝菌素诱导的链霉菌强启动子ＰｔｉｐＡ之下） 转化阿维链霉菌并经硫链丝菌素诱导,则在该菌中表达出了有活性的ＶＨｂ 蛋白。ｐＨＺ１２５２ 在阿维链霉菌中发生了重组缺失,但缺失的ｐＨＺ１２５２ 上仍含有完整的ｖｈｂ 基因及诱导型强启动子,且可在阿维链霉菌中稳定遗传,却不能再转化大肠杆菌。