棕背伯劳羽色多态现象探讨

羽色多态现象的研究对了解物种的遗传、变异和进化有着重要意义。棕背伯劳(Lanius schach)具有典型的羽色多态现象。结合华南濒危动物研究所馆藏标本和2005年4月—2007年1月间的野外调查,分析棕背伯劳棕色型和黑色型在形态和地理分布上的差异性后,得到的结果如下:1)广东可能存在与棕色型、黑色型相区别的一种新色型——黑色白边型,该色型全身以黑色为主,但具多枚白色飞羽;2)棕色型与黑色型各身体量度均无显著性差异(P>0.05);3)野外种群中棕色型为优势色型,黑色型多集中于沿海地区而山区未有发现,黑色白边型仅在沿海的海丰县被发现。据此认为新色型的出现说明沿海可能是黑色型分化的重要地区,且色型的分化仍在进行中。     

黑龙江省发现棕尾伯劳

高峰鸟类保护环志站2002年5月28日环志时,捕到一只伯劳,其大小、羽色、形态酷似红尾伯劳,但它具白色翅斑,尾羽橙棕色(锈红色)至棕褐色(图版,封4)。2006年1月,经郑光美院士鉴定,该鸟为棕尾伯劳Lanius isabellious。量度见表1。表1棕尾伯劳的环志号码和量度环志号码性别鸟体量度(mm)头喙喙长翅长体长尾长跗C06-2953♂40·0 15·0 87·0 188·0 85·0 28·0棕尾伯劳,又名荒漠伯劳。隶属雀形目伯劳科。本次捕到的是一只雄鸟,上体灰褐,尾羽棕红色,翼上有白斑,飞行时很明显。过眼纹黑色(但无眼先带);眉纹白;虹膜褐色;嘴灰色;脚深灰。鸣声丰富多变…     

四川南充地区棕背伯劳的繁殖习性

2005年3~6月在四川省南充市区及近郊对棕背伯劳(Lanius schach)的繁殖习性进行了研究。结果表明,棕背伯劳2月中下旬开始繁殖,雌雄参与筑巢,多筑巢于庄稼地或菜地边缘区域的高大乔木上。对20巢共13个巢址因子主成分分析表明,影响巢址选择的主要因素有4个,累积贡献率达82.38%,其中巢位与光照因子贡献率最高,达33.47%。棕背伯劳的产卵期、孵化期及育雏期分别为5~7 d、12~14d1、4~16 d,育雏期亲鸟的喂食模式有3种。雌鸟在育雏期的暖雏高峰主要出现在8:00~9:00和16:00~17:00时。     

大杜鹃在荒漠伯劳巢中寄生繁殖

2010年5～7月在安西极旱荒漠国家级自然保护区发现3巢荒漠伯劳被大杜鹃寄生,寄生率10.34%.荒漠伯劳产白色和粉红色两种颜色的卵,大杜鹃产白色寄生卵于卵色为白色的宿主巢中.寄生卵均产于6月,当月寄生率达42.86%.大杜鹃雏鸟19日龄离巢,离巢时体重66.24 g.     

四川攀枝花发现栗背伯劳

<正>2014年4月17日上午7:20时许,在攀枝花市西区格里坪镇竹林坡村(26°38′42.26″N,101°31′34.61″E,海拔1 991 m)的山坡农田边缘低矮灌丛中,观察并拍摄到一只伯劳(图1)。该鸟头顶黑灰色,到枕部转为灰色,前额、眼先、眼周和耳覆羽深黑色,形成粗而明显的贯眼纹。喉、胸及下体白色。肩、背为深栗色。尾羽黑色,但外侧尾羽为白色。飞羽为黑色,但具有褐色羽缘,且在大覆羽下方有一白色翅斑。确认为雄性栗背伯劳(Lanius     

四川南充地区棕背伯劳繁殖期鸣声的初步研究

2008年3～8月,对四川南充地区棕背伯劳繁殖期鸣声进行了初步的研究.研究期间共记录到430次棕背伯劳的鸣声.根据对其行为和鸣声波谱图、语谱图特点的分析,繁殖期棕背伯劳的鸣声可分为:占区、驱逐、求偶、幼鸟乞食、召唤和应答6种叫声,对棕背伯劳繁殖期鸣声的特点进行了分析讨论.     

Function of courtship feeding in the Bull-headed Shrike,Lanius bucephalus

We investigated the frequency of courtship feeding (CF) in the Bull-headed Shrike (Lanius bucephalus) during the 1981–1982 breeding seasons. Because no CF was observed just prior to, during or just after copulation, CF is not associated directly with copulation and does not function as a releaser for copulation. The absence of CF during the pair-formation period of the early breeder and the high frequency of CF behavior in the cold season and in the critical breeding stages (egg-laying and incubation stages) for females strongly suggests that the significance of CF in this species is not symbolic but substantial at least in early breeders. We assign one of the causes of this CF to the early onset of breeding.     

云南纳帕海自然保护区灰背伯劳的巢址选择

2013年5—6月,在云南省纳帕海自然保护区对灰背伯劳Lanius tephronotus的巢址选择进行了研究。结果显示,灰背伯劳对树种具有极强的偏好性,有78.48%(n=62)的巢位于火棘Pyracantha sp.灌丛中,枝条具刺是影响灰背伯劳选择筑巢树的首要因素。主成分分析表明,影响灰背伯劳巢址选择的因素有5类:距离因子(巢距道路距离、距居民点距离)、安全性因子(刺数量、刺长度)、觅食生境因子(耕地占比)、隐蔽度因子(树冠幅、树高)以及巢生境因子(灌木占比)。总之,灰背伯劳喜好营巢于距离居民点较近、巢周围耕地面积较大的多刺灌丛。房屋和道路修建对灌丛的侵占是威胁灰背伯劳生存的主要因素。     

山西历山自然保护区虎纹伯劳的生活习性观察

本文对山西历山自然保护区的虎纹伯劳的生活习性作了记述。内容包括季节迁徙、数量分布、繁殖习性、食物组成等。     

荒漠伯劳的繁殖及雏鸟生长发育

2006～2007年对新疆石河子市荒漠伯劳(Lanius isabellinus phoenicuroides)的巢、卵及雏鸟的生长发育状况进行了研究.结果表明,荒漠伯劳窝卵数平均5.67枚,孵卵期17 d,育雏期15 d.育雏主要由雌鸟担任.采用Logistic方程对雏鸟发育过程中主要生长指标的生长方程进行了曲线拟合,相关指标生长方程的拟合度均在0.99以上.     

云南省发现白化棕背伯劳

2005年9月笔者在昆明巫家坝国际机场驱赶机场害鸟时,采集到一白化伯劳标本,经鉴定为棕背伯劳Lanius schach(雀形目Passeriformes,伯劳科Laniidae).标本保存于云南大学生命科学学院动物标本室.描述如下:     

Philopatry, Dispersal Patterns and Nest-site Reuse in Lesser Grey Shrikes (Lanius minor)

To nest in the same breeding area, territory or even nest-site in successive years may provide a possibility to look at mechanisms involved in breeding habitat selection and could also be an important tool for conservation, management and restoration attempts. In this study we examine site fidelity towards the breeding area as well as the nesting site in a dense and stable population of the Lesser Grey Shrike Lanius minor, a long-distance migrant and highly endangered passerine species, at its present northern border of its breeding range. Overall we recovered 48 out of 146 (32.8%) adults between 1996 and 2000. Recovery rate is significantly higher for males (31 of 77, 40.25%) than for females (17 of 69, 24.6%). Recovery rate of nestlings is much lower since only 51 of 790 (6.5%) were recovered and there is no significant sex difference. Furthermore, our results from 1989 to 2000 revealed that more than 30% (97/319) of the nests were built in the same nest tree in successive years and more than half (183/319 = 57.4%) of the nests in the same or neighboring trees (up to 20 m), but very seldom by the same individuals. The fact that nest reuse in successive years is almost exclusively done by different individuals suggests habitat copying and public information of individual birds. Due to optimal ecological breeding conditions other parameters like inbreeding avoidance or increased genetic variability could be important factors in nest-site selection strategies and consequently result in a “disperse over stay strategy”.