冬虫夏草内生菌Penicillium crustosum的化学成分研究

对来源于冬虫夏草中分离得到的内生菌Penicillium crustosum的次级代谢产物和抑菌活性进行研究.采用硅胶柱色谱、MCI柱色谱和半制备HPLC等色谱技术对其进行分离纯化,通过NMR结合质谱进行化学成分鉴定.分离并鉴定16个化合物,分别为:Ac-L-Leu-L-Pro-OCH3(1)、(E)-3-benzyl...     

射干中乳酸脱氢酶抑制剂的筛选分离与质谱分析

本研究采用高效液相色谱-电喷雾质谱联用技术(HPLC-ESI-MS)对射干提取物中异黄酮类化学成分进行分析鉴定,以乳酸脱氢酶作为生物靶分子,运用超滤质谱技术筛选出6种酶抑制剂,分别为鸢尾苷(tectoridin)、鸢尾新苷A(Iristectorin A)、野鸢尾苷(iridin)、鸢尾苷元(tectorigenin)、野鸢尾黄素(irigenin)和次野鸢尾黄素(irisflorentin),并采用半制备型高效液相色谱技术(Semi-prep·HPLC)分离纯化射干提取物中的活性成分。所得单体分离收集液经分析型高效液相色谱法检测,纯度均大于90%。结果证明利用液相色谱-超滤-质谱-半制备型高效液相色谱联用技术可以快速筛选、鉴定、分离射干中的活性物质。此方法对于筛选酶抑制剂有快速和灵敏等优势,具有广泛的应用前景。     

氨基酸制备色谱——丙氨酸、缬氨酸和亮氨酸制备柱柱效率研究

现代液相色谱已从分析色谱发展到制备色谱,为了研究氨基酸制备色谱柱柱效率,我们从液相色谱理论的十几个基本关系式中归纳出五个基本方程式,用以评价丙氨酸、缬氨酸和亮氨酸制备柱柱效率。初步试验结果表明,对强酸性阳离子交换树脂柱而言: 1.凝胶型离子交换树脂柱柱效率高于普通大孔型离子交换树脂柱柱效率,而与本室合成的Dpsc大孔型离子交换树脂柱柱效率相当。 2.凝胶型离子交换树脂中,低交联度离子交换树脂有利于提高缬氨酸和亮氨酸制备柱柱效率,可较好地分离缬氨酸和亮氨酸;较高交联度离子交换树脂有利于提高丙氨酸和缬氨酸制备柱柱效率,可较好地分离丙氨酸和缬氨酸。将不同的离子交换树柱组合起来,可以提高丙氨酸,缬氨酸和亮氨酸的分离度,提高氨基酸的回收率。这项研究成果已应用到从猪血粉、猪毛等天然蛋白质酸水解物中系统分离多种氨基酸,以及分别从缬氨酸、亮氨酸(异亮氨酸)发醇液中分离纯化缬氨酸、亮氨酸(异亮氨酸)。     

杜仲醇的制备及其表征

采用大孔吸附树脂-制备液相色谱联用技术分离制备杜仲醇。以杜仲叶为原料,采用超声波辅助提取,提取液经过正丁醇萃取、D101大孔吸附树脂柱分离纯化后,再通过反相半制备液相色谱分离,以V(甲醇):V(水)=15∶85为流动相进行洗脱,制备得到杜仲醇单体。采用紫外光谱(UV)、红外光谱(IR)、核磁共振波谱(NMR)及液相色谱-质谱联用(LC-MS)等方法对所得单体进行了结构验证。液相色谱法分析检测表明制备所得杜仲醇纯度达95.12%。     

二维制备高效液相色谱分离塞隆骨强极性多肽

本实验建立了一种新型的利用高正交性的二维制备型高效液相色谱系统分离强极性动物药多肽的方法。本文以塞隆骨水提取物为研究对象,以亲水性C18AQ制备型高效色谱柱为第一维分离柱,首先在一维分离中将目标混合物分成若干组份;然后以C18MP制备型高效液相色谱柱为第二维色谱分离柱,将第一维分离后得到的组份纯化为单体化合物。本研究最终得到5个塞隆骨单体化合物,化合物纯度均超过98%。经Nano-LCESI-MS/MS鉴定和搜库分析,这些多肽的序列分别为:KTAILVKE、RGAPQDQE、LVGPGAPGR、GFAGD和KPQWHP。此研究方法速度快、效率高且重复性好,可以对类似的研究提供借鉴。     

二维制备高效液相色谱分离塞隆骨强极性多肽北大核心CSCD

本实验建立了一种新型的利用高正交性的二维制备型高效液相色谱系统分离强极性动物药多肽的方法。本文以塞隆骨水提取物为研究对象,以亲水性C18AQ制备型高效色谱柱为第一维分离柱,首先在一维分离中将目标混合物分成若干组份;然后以C18MP制备型高效液相色谱柱为第二维色谱分离柱,将第一维分离后得到的组份纯化为单体化合物。本研究最终得到5个塞隆骨单体化合物,化合物纯度均超过98%。经Nano-LCESI-MS/MS鉴定和搜库分析,这些多肽的序列分别为:KTAILVKE、RGAPQDQE、LVGPGAPGR、GFAGD和KPQWHP。此研究方法速度快、效率高且重复性好,可以对类似的研究提供借鉴。     

糙叶五加正丁醇萃取部位抗炎活性成分研究

本文对糙叶五加果实正丁醇萃取物的抗炎活性成分进行研究.采用硅胶柱色谱、C18柱色谱、LH-20型羟丙基葡聚糖凝胶(Sephadex LH-20)柱色谱、半制备液相及重结晶等方法进行分离纯化,利用波谱分析结合理化性质鉴定化合物的结构.从糙叶五加果实正丁醇萃取部位中分离鉴定出17个化合物,分别为槲皮素-3-O-β-D-吡喃...     

微生态学方法学的研究进展

随着现代科学技术的不断发展,特别是免疫技术、生物化学技术、示踪原子、基因工程、生物工程和分子生物学技术的快速发展,促进了微生物学检测技术的发展和微生态方法学的进步,不断地开拓了微生态学的研究领域,并把它引向深入。近几年来,新的微生物检验技术在微生物定性和定量方面已具有了长足的发展,现将在微生态学研究的应用综述如下。1色谱技术1.1高效色谱技术高效液相色谱(h igh perform ance liqu idchrom atography,HPLC)又叫高压(高速)液相色谱。它在生物大分子的分离和纯化方面占据了极其重要的地位。高效液相色谱仪是20世纪60年代…     

一株南海红树林底泥抗真菌放线菌(No.H74-18)的化学成分研究

对我国南海红树林底泥中分离的一株放线菌(No.H74-18)的发酵菌丝体采用95%乙醇提取,并对具有抗真菌活性的乙酸乙酯部位进行研究,通过硅胶开放柱色谱分离得到了一个结晶样品。通过制备型反相高效液相色谱分离,从此结晶样品中分离纯化出3个化合物,经NMR、MS等光谱学方法分别鉴定为抗霉素A1(1)、抗霉素A2a(2)、抗霉素A3(3),这些化合物都是抗霉素类化合物。采用LC-MS联用技术分析了此结晶样品中存在的抗霉素类的可能组份。     

刺楸中酚性成分研究

采用常压柱色谱、半制备型高效液相色谱以及制备型薄层色谱等色谱技术结合重结晶等分离纯化手段,从刺楸根中分离得到6个酚性化学成分,通过理化性质和波谱分析鉴定所得化合物分别为苔色酸乙酯(1),2-羟基-4-甲氧基-3,6-二甲基苯甲酸(2),香草醛(3),原儿茶醛(4),原儿茶酸(5)和3-甲氧基苯甲醛(6).所有化合物均为首次从该属植物中获得.     

Chemochromatography: its use for the separation of nikkomycins X and Z

A novel mode of reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography in which the mobile phase reacts chemically with the compounds to be separated was developed. Nikkomycin X and nikkomycin Z, two natural isomeric nucleoside peptide antibiotics, move as a single peak on a C18 reversed-phase column using an aqueous trifluoroacetic acid mobile phase. Addition of sodium bisulfite (1.0%) to the mobile phase results in the formation of a polar bisulfite addition product with nikkomycin X, but not with nikkomycin Z, inside the HPLC column. This type of reactive chromatography, or chemochromatography, led to the analytical and preparative separation of nikkomycins X and Z which are normally very intractable to separation by conventional chromatographic techniques.     

Optical resolution of some biologically active compounds by chiral liquid chromatography on BSA-silica (resolvosil) columns

Optical resolution on the analytical scale of a number of racemic pharmaceuticals and some other biologically active compounds has been studied using immobilized bovine serum albumin (BSA) as the stationary phase. For some of the compounds the elution order was determined by the use of optically enriched fractions obtained from a preceding passage of a sample through a preparative column containing microcrystalline triacetylcellulose (MCTA). The reversal in the sign of optical rotation shown in the polarimetric elution profile from the latter, combined with the integrated peak area ratio obtained on resolution on the analytical column, gave directly the order of elution. For one of the benzothiadiazines studied (bendroflumethiazide), increasing the pH of the mobile phase produced opposite effects on the retention of the two enantiomers, leading to a large effect on the separation factor. For many of the compounds studied, high separation factors (α > 2) could be achieved.     

Preparative high-performance liquid chromatography of minor products ofStreptomyces cinnamonensis

Analytical and preparative high-performance liquid chromatography of 3 phenazines and furonaphthoquinone derivative on resersed-phase column are described. The mobile phase was methanol and water. The injected amount of the mixture was about 30 mg for a preparative chromatographic run requiring 80 min. Substances were detected directly in the column effluent by UV detection.     

General method allowing the use of 100% aqueous loading conditions in reversed-phase liquid chromatography

Reversed-phase HPLC purification of peptides, using n-alkyl modified spherical silica, has become a widely used technique within the pharmaceutical industry. One drawback of these materials is the necessity of having at least 5% organic modifier in the mobile phase, in order to avoid de-wetting of the porous stationary phase. For some preparative reversed-phase separations, it is an advantage if the feed solution can be loaded onto the column under 100% aqueous conditions. This study describes the use of post-column pressure control to avoid de-wetting of regular reversed-phase stationary phases when operated under 100% aqueous conditions. The applicability of post-column pressure control as a means of maintaining the column fully wetted is demonstrated with various buffers and with packing materials having different alkyl-chain lengths. Two peptides, insulin and oxytocin, in overloaded quantities, were loaded under 100% aqueous conditions onto a regular C8 column, and then eluted by a acetonitrile gradient following standard procedures. The retention volume and the peak shape showed that the separation was satisfactory, and proved that post-column pressure control can be used to overcome wettability problems, which are otherwise often observed for reversed-phase packing materials with high ligand density.     

Preparative chiral chromatography and chiroptical characterization of enantiomers of omeprazole and related benzimidazoles

To chiroptically characterize the enantiomers of omeprazole and some structurally related benzimidazoles with circular dichroism (CD), preparative chiral liquid chromatography was utilized for the isolation of the pure enantiomers. A limited analytical column screen was performed identifying Kromasil-CHI-TBB and the amylose-based phases Chiralpak AD and AS as possible chiral stationary phases (CSPs) for the preparative scale separation of the enantiomers of the different benzimidazoles. Optimization of the chromatographic conditions with respect to retention, enantioseparation, and resolution was achieved by variation of the mobile phase constituents as well as of temperature. Because of the lability of the compound in slightly acidic media, supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) could not be applied for a preparative scale separation of the enantiomers. The separation of omeprazole was optimized to give high throughput (2.6 kg racemate/kg CSP/day) and high enantiomeric excess of the obtained isomers. The absolute configurations of the pure enantiomers of rabeprazole, lansoprazole, and pantoprazole were determined from the strong correlation to the CD spectrum of (+)-(R)-omeprazole. For all the compounds, the (+)-enantiomers displayed similar chiroptical features as (+)-(R)-omeprazole and were thus assigned the (R)- configuration. Elution order of the optical isomers was monitored by injecting racemic solutions spiked with one of the isomers and also by an on-line laser polarimeter. Both the type of CSP and also the mobile phase constituents had a strong effect on elution order of the enantiomers.     

Chiral separation of tryptophan enantiomers by liquid chromatography with BSA-silica stationary phase

The separation of tryptophan enantiomers was carried out with medium-pressure liquid chromatography using BSA (bovine serum albumin)-bonded silica as a chiral stationary phase. The influence of various experimental factors such as pH and ionic strength of mobile phase, separation temperature, and the presence of organic additives on the resolution was studied. In order to expand this system to preparative scale, the loadability of sample and the stability of stationary phase for repeated use were also examined. The separation of tryptophan enantiomers was successful with this system. The data indicated that a higher separation factor (α) was obtained at a higher pH and lower temperature and ionic strength in mobile phase. Addition of organic additives (acetonitrile and 2-propanol) in mobile phase contributed to reduce the retention time of L-tryptophan. About 30% of the separation factor was reduced after 80 days of repeated use.     

Preparative separation of the saponin lancemaside a from Codonopsis lanceolata by centrifugal partition chromatography

Introduction. Lancemaside A is a saponin that inhibits decreases in blood testosterone level and thus prevents or ameliorates symptoms associated with male climacteric disorder. Our initial attempt to preparative isolation of lancemaside A from the saponin fraction of Codonopsis lanceolata roots by a preparative HPLC did not give a clear result. Objective. To develop a simple and efficient method for the preparative isolation of lancemaside A from the hot water extract of C. lanceolata roots using centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC). Methodology. The saponin fraction obtained from the hot water extract of C. lanceolata roots was used as the sample for preparative‐scale separation of lancemasides by CPC using n‐hexane:n‐butanol:methanol:0.1% aqueous formic acid (3:4:1:6, v/v) as the two‐phase solvent system. The upper phase (organic phase) of the two‐phase solvent system was used as the mobile phase, and 0.5 g of saponin fraction was applied for separation by CPC. Each fraction that was separated by CPC was analysed by HPLC, and the fractions containing each of the separated compounds were pooled together, and then were purified by simple preparative HPLC. Results. The demonstrated separation sequence, hot water extraction, DIAION HP‐20 column chromatography, CPC and preparative HPLC, yielded lancemaside A, foetidissimoside A and astersaponin Hb in their pure forms. Conclusion. The simple and efficient method for the preparative isolation of lancemaside A along with two other saponins, foetidissimoside A and astersaponin Hb, from the saponin fraction of C. lanceolata was established using CPC.     

High-performance liquid chromatography of uroporphyrinogen and coproporphyrinogen isomers with amperometric detection.

A reversed-phase h.p.l.c. system, with an ODS-Hypersil column with acetonitrile or methanol in ammonium acetate buffer as mobile phase, is described for the separation of uro-and copro-porphyrinogen isomers. The porphyrinogens are detected amperometrically with sensitivity comparable with that of the fluorescent detection of porphyrins. The effects of pH, buffer concentration and organic modifiers on retention and resolution were studied. The method is suitable for both analytical and preparative separation of porphyrinogens.     

Separation of (R)- and (S)-tert-butyl 2-tert-butyl-4-methoxy-2,5-dihydro-1,3-imidazole-1-carboxylate (building block for amino acid synthesis) by preparative high performance liquid chromatography on a polysaccharide stationary phase

The preparative separation of the enantiomers of the title compound, a versatile chiral building block for the synthesis of unnatural amino acid esters, by high performance liquid chromatography on a chiral stationary phase (CSP), is reported for the first time. The CSP consists of amylose-(3,5-dimethylphenyl-carbamate), which has been coated onto the surface of macroporous aminopropyl-functionalized silica gel. The effect of mobile phase composition and the amount of amylose derivative on the silica gel has been thoroughly investigated. Using 2-propanol as organic modifier in hexane as mobile phase, on a semi-preparative column (200 mm × 40 mm ID, containing 192 g of stationary phase) about 200 mg of the racemate was separated per injection. Running the equipment under automatic conditions with repetitive injection mode allowed for the separation of 30 g per day. Both enantiomers were obtained with enantiopurities >99.75:0.25. Chirality 10:217–222, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Relationship between resolution and analysis time in chiral subcritical fluid chromatography

A model is presented that predicts a defined relationship between chiral SubFC resolution and analysis time. This model is based upon ideal chromatographic behavior and requires column efficiency and selectivity to be independent of mobile phase modifier level and flow rate. The validity of these assumptions was found to be imperfect but acceptable for two model compounds on two commonly used chiral columns. A major implication of the model is that the maximum resolution obtainable with a particular column and mobile phase modifier may be predicted from one injection. The retention time required to obtain a desired resolution is also calculable. This information enables the practitioner to discern quickly the futility of method development efforts. Insufficient maximum resolution predicted from the first injection would require an increase in selectivity to achieve a useful separation. Selectivity may then be altered by temperature, modifier, or stationary phase. The increased column efficiency of SubFC at typical flow rates rescues separations that fail by HPLC, thus shrinking the practitioner's required library of chiral columns. This work demonstrates that SubFC also allows the practitioner to skim through that library very quickly. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.