蜂房哈夫尼菌植酸酶基因appA的克隆、表达及酶学性质研究

从蜂房哈夫尼菌（Hafnia alvei）中克隆获得一个植酸酶编码基因appA, 该基因全长1335bp,编码444个氨基酸,其中前33个氨基酸为信号肽,成熟蛋白的理论分子量为45.2kD。将基因appA 克隆到大肠杆菌E. coli表达载体pET-22b(+),并在大肠杆菌中表达, 表达产物具有植酸酶活性。对表达的酶蛋白进行纯化,并初步研究了该酶的酶学性质,结果表明：酶的作用最适pH值为4.5;在pH 2.0～10.0范围内, 酶活性保留80％以上;酶的作用最适温度为60℃;酶的比活性为356.7U/mg,酶动力学分析表明其K,/i>_m为0.49mmol/L,V_max为238U/mg;该酶对胰蛋白酶和胃蛋白酶有一定的抗性。该研究为哈夫尼菌属来源植酸酶的首次报道。     

蜂房哈夫尼菌植酸酶基因appA的克隆、表达及酶学性质研究

从蜂房哈夫尼菌（Hafnia alvei）中克隆获得一个植酸酶编码基因appA, 该基因全长1335bp,编码444个氨基酸,其中前33个氨基酸为信号肽,成熟蛋白的理论分子量为45.2kD。将基因appA 克隆到大肠杆菌E. coli表达载体pET-22b(+),并在大肠杆菌中表达, 表达产物具有植酸酶活性。对表达的酶蛋白进行纯化,并初步研究了该酶的酶学性质,结果表明：酶的作用最适pH值为4.5;在pH 2.0～10.0范围内, 酶活性保留80％以上;酶的作用最适温度为60℃;酶的比活性为356.7U/mg,酶动力学分析表明其K,/i>_m为0.49mmol/L,V_max为238U/mg;该酶对胰蛋白酶和胃蛋白酶有一定的抗性。该研究为哈夫尼菌属来源植酸酶的首次报道。     

调宁蛋白T184的定点突变、表达、纯化和鉴定

为增强调宁蛋白对平滑肌收缩的抑制作用,用PCR重叠延长法使调宁蛋白基因中编码第184位苏氨酸的ACT突变为编码丙氨酸的GCC,将此PCR的突变产物装入到质粒载体pAED₄后,转化至E.coli BL₂₁(DE₃)中, 构建的重组转化子用酶切和测序鉴定.诱导含有重组转化子的E.coli获得高效表达,经SDS-PAGE和蛋白质印迹鉴定后,采用反复冻融法及葡聚糖凝胶层析柱分离,初步纯化出调宁蛋白突变体T184A.     

一种高R-选择性水解R,S-甲霜灵的酯酶基因的克隆表达及表征

[目的] 将一种可以高选择性水解R-甲霜灵的新脂酶基因,在大肠杆菌中进行克隆和表达,并研究重组脂酶的性质。[方法] 根据已知的目标酯酶N端10个氨基酸序列,在已测序的Albibacters sp. zjut528基因组中找到相匹配的一个酯酶基因,它全长969 bp,编码322个氨基酸,将该基因命名为RMest。通过引物扩增得到该基因的DNA片段,将它与表达载体pET-28a（+）连接后,转化大肠杆菌BL21Gold（DE3）,构建重组菌,IPTG诱导表达该酯酶,并用Ni²⁺亲和层析介质进行纯化。[结果] 在重组菌RMest-pET-28a（+）-E.coli BL21 Gold（DE3）中成功表达了重组酯酶RMesterase,大小约为46 kDa。用胞内重组酶液催化水解R,S-甲霜灵,底物浓度10 g/L,反应6 h,底物转化率为49.8%,产物（甲霜灵酸）的ee_p为99.3%,对底物的对映体R-构型具有专一（选择）性。该酶最适温度和pH分别为40℃和pH 9.0。该酶的活性受到产物甲醇的抑制。通过Blast+在Uniprot KB数据库中搜寻与酯酶RMest同源的蛋白,采用邻近法构建该酶的蛋白系统发育树,结果显示它与某些Lysophospholipase、AB hydrolase-1 domain-containing protein和Esterase的同源性最高,但是与它们均存在较大的进化距离,表明该酶是一种相对独立进化的新酯酶。[结论] 在大肠杆菌中成功克隆和表达了一种新的脂酶基因RMest,重组酯酶RMesterase可以高手性选择性水解R,S-甲霜灵生成R-甲霜灵酸。     

苏云金芽孢杆菌chiA,chiB全基因的克隆、表达及其序列分析

以苏云金芽孢杆菌科默尔亚种15A3菌株基因组DNA为模版,用touchdown PCR方法扩增几丁质酶ChiA和ChiB的全基因序列(GenBank登录号:EF103273和DQ512474)。将PCR产物连接pUCm-T克隆载体,获得重组质粒pUCm-chiA和pUCm-chiB,分别转化E.coliXL-Blue。克隆的几丁质酶基因可以利用本身的启动子异源表达各自的蛋白,不需要几丁质作为诱导物。表达的几丁质酶能够分泌到胞外。证明15A3菌株可组成型表达2种几丁质酶。经核苷酸及氨基酸序列分析证明,chiA基因全长1426bp,含有343bp的上游非编码区和1083bp的ORF,编码360个氨基酸。推测成熟蛋白分子量为36kD,只有一个几丁质酶催化域。chiB基因全长2279bp,含有248bp的上游非编码区和2031bp的ORF,编码676个氨基酸。推测成熟蛋白分子量约为70.6kD,具有三个功能域。核苷酸序列分析显示chiA和chiB的启动子所处的位置及转录起始碱基都不相同,-35区相同,而-10区有两个碱基不同,SD序列也不完全一致。     

随机十肽库的构建及血管形成素结合肽的筛选

将合成的含有随机序列（NNK）₁₀的寡核苷酸片段,克隆入噬菌体呈现载体噬菌粒pCANTAB5E的SfiⅠ,NotⅠ位点,即cpⅢ蛋白信号肽与成熟肽之间,电转化E.coli TG1,构建了噬菌体表面呈现的十肽库,实际库容为3.53×10⁷,插入率为66.7%.经辅助噬菌体M13KO7超感染后,获得滴度为4.8 ×10¹¹ pfu/ml的噬菌体上清.经过两轮panning筛选和富集,从构建的随机十肽库中筛选到26个具有血管形成素结合活性的重组噬菌体克隆,对其中12个阳性噬菌体克隆的短肽序列进行了分析,ELISA检测结果显示12个阳性噬菌体克隆都能够与血管形成素特异性结合.     

杀鱼假交替单胞菌C923几丁质酶基因PpchiC的克隆表达与酶学性质

【背景】某些假交替单胞菌可分泌几丁质酶,在降解利用几丁质为水产动物提供营养、免疫、抗病等方面有着重要潜力。【目的】克隆杀鱼假交替单胞菌(Pseudoalteromonas piscicida)C923的一个几丁质酶基因,实现其在大肠杆菌中的异源表达,并对重组几丁质酶的酶学性质进行研究。【方法】从菌株C923测序的基因组中注释到一个几丁质酶家族基因PpchiC,设计引物克隆该基因后进行生物信息学分析;构建载体进行异源表达并从温度、时间与诱导剂浓度进行表达优化;对表达蛋白进行最适温度与pH等酶学性质研究,同时比较了重组菌破碎后上清与沉淀及纯化的酶蛋白对几丁质的降解效应。【结果】基因PpchiC长1350bp,编码450个氨基酸,PpchiC蛋白理论分子量为48.76kDa,等电点为4.78,不稳定系数为29.08。结构域分析发现该蛋白含有一个类型Ⅲ几丁质结合域和一个糖苷水解酶18家族(glycosyl hydrolase 18,GH18)的催化域;PpchiC蛋白含有GH18家族几丁质酶的保守催化基序DxxDxDxE、YxR和[E/D]xx[V/I]。16℃、0.25mmol/L IPTG、诱导12h为其最优化表达条件,PpchiC在50℃、pH8.0时表现出最大酶活性;以胶体几丁质为底物时,PpchiC的K_m值为2.58mg/mL、V_max值为5.04mg/(mL·min)。降解结果表明,菌体的沉淀与上清及从上清中纯化的酶蛋白均有着较好的几丁质降解效应。【结论】杀鱼假交替单胞菌C923基因PpchiC编码GH18家族的几丁质酶,能被大肠杆菌高效表达且降解几丁质效应明显,这为PpchiC及菌株C923的应用提供了参考依据。     

一株海洋来源铜绿假单胞菌Gxun-7角蛋白酶基因的克隆、表达及重组酶酶学性质

【背景】角蛋白酶是一类特异性降解角蛋白的水解酶,在动物饲料、生物肥料、医学、洗涤、制革及环境治理等方面具有重要的应用潜力。【目的】对前期从海洋环境筛选出的一株铜绿假单胞菌Gxun-7的角蛋白酶基因进行克隆、表达,并探究重组酶酶学性质,为角蛋白酶在工业生产中的应用奠定基础。【方法】以铜绿假单胞菌Gxun-7基因组推定的角蛋白酶基因为基础,设计引物克隆获得角蛋白酶基因kp2,构建重组表达质粒pET22b-kp2,并转化到E. coliRosettagamiB (DE3)中进行诱导表达,同时对重组表达菌株的表达条件进行优化。利用镍柱分离纯化重组角蛋白酶并研究其酶学性质。【结果】重组角蛋白酶的分子量约为33 kDa,最适温度和pH值分别为40 ℃和8.0,在温度30-60 ℃和pH 6.5-8.0具有较好的稳定性。金属离子Co²⁺、Cu²⁺和化学试剂十二烷基磺酸钠(sodium dodecyl sulfonate,SDS)、乙二胺四乙酸(ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid,EDTA)、苯甲基磺酰氟(phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride,PMSF)对酶活力有抑制作用,而Mg²⁺、K⁺、巯基乙醇和二硫苏糖醇(dithiothreitol,DTT)对酶活力有促进作用。重组角蛋白酶具有良好的耐盐性,在12.5%的NaCl作用下相对酶活为87.55%。以酪蛋白为底物时,酶的K_m值为60.92 mg/mL、V_max值为9.70 U/mL。【结论】海洋来源铜绿假单胞菌Gxun-7的重组角蛋白酶具有良好的温度、碱、盐稳定性,可应用于工业生产中。     

大鼠脑cDNA文库的构建

采用简单高效的cDNA合成技术制备Wistar大鼠脑cDNA基因文库,以纯化的poly( A)⁺－RNA为模板,含Not I切点的oligo－（dT）15为引物,在反转录酶的作用下,合成第一股单链cDNA;用E.coli RNase H除去模板RNA,并以E.coli DNA聚合酶Ｉ,E.coli DNA连接酶和T4 DNA聚合酶催化合成cDNA第二条链,即成为双链cDNA;此双股cDNA除0．5μg用于插入pSPORT I载体,转入E.coli DH5a,建成cDNA文库外,其余保存在－20℃,以此cDNA为模板,应用PCR方法,先后克隆了谷氨酸脱羧酶（GAD,1800bp）、神经元特异性烯醇化酶（NSE,1340bp）,甲状腺激素受体（T3－receptor,1230bp）、胆囊收缩素（CCK,345bp）的全编码基因．     

E.coli tRNALeu的提纯

本文报道一种E.coli tRNA^Leu简便而稳定的纯化方法。粗tRNA经过BD-Cellulose柱层析和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳两个步骤即可得到亮氨酸接受能力为1400pmol/A₂₆₀单位的tRNA^Leu。     

Complete nucleotide sequence of the metapyrocatechase gene on the TOI plasmid of Pseudomonas putida mt-2

Metapyrocatechase which catalyzes the oxygenative ring cleavage of catechol to form alpha-hydroxymuconic epsilon-semialdehyde is encoded by the xylE gene on the TOL plasmid of Pseudomonas putida mt-2. We have cloned the xylE region in Escherichia coli and determined the nucleotide sequence of the DNA fragment of 985 base pairs around the gene. The fragment included only one open translational frame of sufficient length to accommodate the enzyme. The predicted amino acid sequence consisted of 307 residues, and its NH2- and COOH-terminal sequences were in perfect agreement with those of the enzyme recently determined (Nakai, C., Hori, K., Kagamiyama, H., Nakazawa, T., and Nozaki, M. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 2916-2922). A mutant plasmid was isolated which did not direct the synthesis of the active enzyme. This plasmid had a DNA region corresponding to the NH2-terminal two-thirds of the polypeptide. From the deduced amino acid sequence, the secondary structure was predicted. Around 10 base pairs upstream from the initiator codon for metapyrocatechase, there was a base sequence which was complementary to the 3'-end of 16 S rRNAs from both E.coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A preferential usage of C- and G-terminated codons was found in the coding region xylE, which contributed to the relatively high G + C content (57%) of this gene.     

Purification of 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl 1,2-dioxygenase from Pseudomonas putida OU83 and characterization of the gene (bphC).

The 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl 1,2-dioxygenase (2,3-DBPD) of Pseudomonas putida OU83 was constitutively expressed and purified to apparent homogeneity. The apparent molecular mass of the native enzyme was 256 kDa, and the subunit molecular mass was 32 kDa. The data suggested that 2,3-DBPD was an octamer of identical subunits. The nucleotide sequence of a DNA fragment containing the bphC region was determined. The deduced protein sequence for 2,3-DBPD consisted of 292 amino acid residues, with a calculated molecular mass of 31.9 kDa, which was in agreement with data for the purified 2,3-DBPD. Nucleotide and amino acid sequence analyses of the bphC gene and its product, respectively, revealed that there was a high degree of homology between the OU83 bphC gene and the bphC genes of Pseudomonas cepacia LB400 and Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes KF707.     

N-methyl-L-amino acid dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas putida. A novel member of an unusual NAD(P)-dependent oxidoreductase superfamily

We found N-methyl-L-amino acid dehydrogenase activity in various bacterial strains, such as Pseudomonas putida and Bacillus alvei, and cloned the gene from P. putida ATCC12633 into Escherichia coli. The enzyme purified to homogeneity from recombinant E. coli catalyzed the NADPH-dependent formation of N-alkyl-L-amino acids from the corresponding alpha-oxo acids (e.g. pyruvate, phenylpyruvate, and hydroxypyruvate) and alkylamines (e.g. methylamine, ethylamine, and propylamine). Ammonia was inert as a substrate, and the enzyme was clearly distinct from conventional NAD(P)-dependent amino acid dehydrogenases, such as alanine dehydrogenase (EC 1.4.1.1). NADPH was more than 300 times more efficient than NADH as a hydrogen donor in the enzymatic reductive amination. Primary structure analysis revealed that the enzyme belongs to a new NAD(P)-dependent oxidoreductase superfamily, the members of which show no sequence homology to conventional NAD(P)-dependent amino acid dehydrogenases and opine dehydrogenases.     

Cloning of the Bacillus subtilis glutamine phosphoribosylpyrophosphate amidotransferase gene in Escherichia coli. Nucleotide sequence determination and properties of the plasmid-encoded enzyme

The Bacillus subtilis gene encoding glutamine phosphoribosylpyrophosphate amidotransferase (amidophosphoribosyltransferase) was cloned in pBR322. This gene is designated purF by analogy with the corresponding gene in Escherichia coli. B. subtilis purF was expressed in E. coli from a plasmid promoter. The plasmid-encoded enzyme was functional in vivo and complemented an E. coli purF mutant strain. The nucleotide sequence of a 1651-base pair B. subtilis DNA fragment was determined, thus localizing the 1428-base pair structural gene. A primary translation product of 476 amino acid residues was deduced from the DNA sequence. Comparison with the previously determined NH2-terminal amino acid sequence indicates that 11 residues are proteolytically removed from the NH2 terminus, leaving a protein chain of 465 residues having an NH2-terminal active site cysteine residue. Plasmid-encoded B. subtilis amidophosphoribosyltransferase was purified from E. coli cells and compared to the enzymes from B. subtilis and E. coli. The plasmid-encoded enzyme was similar in properties to amidophosphoribosyltransferase obtained from B. subtilis. Enzyme specific activity, immunological reactivity, in vitro lability to O2, Fe-S content, and NH2-terminal processing were virtually identical with amidophosphoribosyltransferase purified from B. subtilis. Thus E. coli correctly processed the NH2 terminus and assembled [4Fe-4S] centers in B. subtilis amidophosphoribosyltransferase although it does not perform these maturation steps on its own enzyme. Amino acid sequence comparison indicates that the B. subtilis and E. coli enzymes are homologous. Catalytic and regulatory domains were tentatively identified based on comparison with E. coli amidophosphoribosyltransferase and other phosphoribosyltransferase (Argos, P., Hanei, M., Wilson, J., and Kelley, W. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 6450-6457).     

cDNA and deduced amino acid sequence of a mouse DNA repair enzyme (APEX nuclease) with significant homology to Escherichia coli exonuclease III

We purified a mouse DNA repair enzyme having apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease, DNA 3'-phosphatase, 3'-5'-exonuclease and DNA 3' repair diesterase activities, and designated the enzyme as APEX nuclease. A cDNA clone for the enzyme was isolated from a mouse spleen cDNA library using probes of degenerate oligonucleotides deduced from the N-terminal amino acid sequence of the enzyme. The complete nucleotide sequence of the cDNA (1.3 kilobases) was determined. Northern hybridization using this cDNA showed that the size of its mRNA is about 1.5 kilobases. The complete amino acid sequence for the enzyme predicted from the nucleotide sequence of the cDNA (APEX nuclease cDNA) indicates that the enzyme consists of 316 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 35,400. The predicted sequence contains the partial amino acid sequences determined by a protein sequencer from the purified enzyme. The coding sequence of APEX nuclease was cloned into pUC18 SmaI and HindIII sites in the control frame of the lacZ promoter. The construct was introduced into BW2001 (xth-11, nfo-2) strain cells of Escherichia coli. The transformed cells expressed a 36.4-kDa polypeptide (the 316 amino acid sequence of APEX nuclease headed by the N-terminal decapeptide of beta-galactosidase) and were less sensitive to methyl methanesulfonate than the parent cells. The fusion product showed priming activity for DNA polymerase on bleomycin-damaged DNA and acid-depurinated DNA. The deduced amino acid sequence of mouse APEX nuclease exhibits a significant homology to those of exonuclease III of E. coli and ExoA protein of Streptococcus pneumoniae and an intensive homology with that of bovine AP endonuclease 1.     

Cloning and sequencing of rpoH and identification of ftsE-ftsX in Pseudomonas putida PpG1.

The rpoH gene encoding the heat-shock sigma factor of Pseudomonas putida was cloned by using its ability to complement the temperature-sensitive growth of the Escherichia coli rpoH mutant. The cloned DNA contained an open reading frame for a 284 amino acid sequence exhibiting high homology to the sigmaH proteins of P. aeruginosa and E. coli. Moreover, homologs to the cell division genes ftsX and ftsE were found immediately upstream of the rpoH gene.     

Molecular cloning of the nahG gene encoding salicylate hydroxylase from Pseudomonas fluorescens

A gene encoding the salicylate hydroxylase was cloned from the genomic DNA of Pseudomonas fluorescens SME11. The DNA fragment containing the nahG gene for the salicylate hydroxylase was mapped with restriction endonucleases and sequenced. The DNA fragment contained an ORF of 1,305 bp encoding a polypeptide of 434 amino acid residues. The nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the salicylate hydroxylase revealed several conserved regions with those of the enzyme encoded in P. putida PpG7: The homology of the nucleotide sequence is 83% and that of amino acid sequence is 72%. We found large conserved regions of the amino acid sequence at FAD and NADH binding regions. The FAD binding site is located at the amino terminal region and a lysine residue functions as a NADH-binding site.