XIVE 种植体即刻植入即刻负重的临床观察

目的:评价XIVE种植体在上颌外伤前牙区即刻种植即刻负重修复的临床效果。方法:对26例前牙区单颗或多颗无法保留的外伤残根拔除后,即刻植入XIVE种植体,并即刻负重修复。种植体扭矩控制在35Ncm左右,初期稳定性良好。平均四到五个月后行永久修复。在植入后1、2、4个月对其进行临床及影像学检查。结果:32枚种植体有2枚种植体2周后出现松动,一个月后脱落,其余30枚均在预期时间内形成良好骨性愈合,最终完成修复。结论:上颌前牙区单颗或多颗牙外伤,残根无法保留者,行即刻种植即刻负重修复是可行。早期种植修复有利于减缓牙槽骨的吸收,保留软硬组织的形态,缩短疗程。     

KOM—段式种植体即刻种植的动物实验研究

目的:观察KOM一段式种植体即刻种植骨愈合过程,探索即刻种植的可行性。材料与方法:将6只狗分3组分别作实验。每组2只动物行KOM一段式种植体即刻种植愈合过程观察;动物分别于术后1、2、3个月各处死2只行大体标本观察、X线片、光镜、扫描电镜观察;结果:KOM一段式种植体即刻种植可以达到骨性愈合。结论:1、KOM一段式种植体的即刻种植是一种临床可行的种植方式。2、即刻中植时种植体与骨组织之间的骨间隙是否充填生物替代材料,除了考虑种植体周围骨间隙的大小,还要考虑种植体的初期稳定性。     

KOM一段式种植体即刻种植的动物实验研究

目的：观察KOM一段式种植体即刻种植骨愈合过程,探索即刻种植的可行性。材料与方法：将6只狗分3组分别作实验。每组2只动物行KOM一段式种植体即刻种植愈合过程观察;动物分别于术后1、2、3个月处死2只大体标本观察、X线片、光镜、扫描电镜观察;结果：KOM一段式种植体即刻种植可以达到骨怀愈合。结论：1、KOM一段式种植体的即刻种植是一种临床可行的种植方式。2、即刻中植时种植体与骨组织之间的骨间隙是否充填生物替代材料,除了考虑种植体周围骨间隙的大小,还要考虑种植体的初期稳定性。     

前牙美学区实施即刻种植及延期种植对患者唇侧骨量变化的对比研究

目的：研究对比前牙美学区实施即刻种植及延期种植对患者唇侧骨量变化。方法：选择2012 年4 月至2013 年4 月在我院 接受上颌前牙区的单颗种植手术治疗的患者96 例作为研究对象。根据数字法随机分成即刻种植组48 例（48 颗ITI种植体）与延 期种植组48 例（48 颗ITI种植体）。对比两组术后唇侧骨量情况,唇侧骨的改建情况以及术后1 年的PES评分。结果：即刻种植组 术后1 年的唇侧骨高度较术后即刻显著更高,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。即刻种植组与延期种植组术后1 年水平向骨改建的 种植体冠方C 及中段M 较术后即刻显著更低,差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。即刻种植组在术后1 年的唇侧牙槽嵴的高度 降低水平明显大于延期种植组,且对于水平向骨改建方面,两组种植体中段M的差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。两组在术后1 年的PES 评分上对比,差异无统计学意义（P＞ 0.05）。结论：即刻种植并未能阻止患者牙槽嵴生理吸收,但种植的美学效果亦较 好。临床运用时应加以关注,掌握好适应证,从而获得最佳疗效。值得重视。     

即刻种植修复与延期种植修复对上颌单前牙患者牙周组织健康、美学效果以及炎症因子的影响

摘要 目的：探讨即刻种植修复与延期种植修复对上颌单前牙患者牙周组织健康、美学效果以及炎症因子的影响。方法：回顾性分析2017年3月~2018年12月期间收治的80例上颌单前牙患者的临床资料,根据种植修复方式的不同分为A组（n=40,延期种植修复）和B组（n=40,即刻种植修复）,比较两组患者植牙成功率、牙周组织健康、美学效果、炎症因子及并发症。结果：两组植牙成功率比较无差异（P>0.05）。两组修复后1个月、3个月、6个月、12个月牙周袋深度依次降低（P<0.05）;B组修复后1个月、3个月、6个月、12个月牙周袋深度均低于A组（P<0.05）。两组修复后1个月、3个月、6个月、12个月红色美学指数（PES）评分依次升高（P<0.05）;B组修复后1个月、3个月、6个月、12个月PES评分均高于A组（P<0.05）。两组修复前、修复后7 d、修复后30 d血清肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、C反应蛋白（CRP）水平均呈升高后降低趋势,B组修复后7 d、修复后30 d血清TNF-α、CRP水平均低于A组（P<0.05）。两组均未见严重并发症发生。结论：与延期种植修复相比,即刻种植修复治疗上颌单前牙患者对其牙周组织健康改善效果更佳,且炎症反应更轻微 ,美学效果更好,疗效显著且安全性好。     

负重越野训练对战士心功能的影响

目的：通过对某军事院校战士在负重越野训练前后的心音图、心电图、血压检测,评估战士心功能变化,为训练提供参考依据。方法：选取59名（男41,女18）,年龄17~23岁,分别检测两次越野（男5 km,负重11 kg,时限25 min;女1.5 km,无负重,时限10 min）前、运动后即刻及48 h后进行心音图和心电图。结果：两次运动后即刻较运动前心率、第1心音幅值/第2心音幅值比值显著升高（P<0.01）;舒张期/收缩期时限比值下降（P<0.01）;收缩压略有上升,舒张压有所下降,未出现运动高血压。运动48 h后,各指标均基本恢复至运动前水平。心电图无异常。本次研究观察到13人（男8,女5）在运动前未屏气状态下出现第1、2心音幅值倒置现象。结论：该强度越野训练对心功能无损伤,是一种安全的高强度训练方法。     

过盈植入对种植体-骨界面应力分布影响的三维有限元分析

目的:应用三维有限元分析法研究牙种植体过盈植入对种植体-骨界面接触压力的影响.方法:选择直径为3.3mm的ITI种植体和成人离体下颌骨,模拟种植体植入下颌骨内,过盈量为0.5mm,建立三维有限元模型,应用ANSYS软件分析种植体-骨界面的应力分布情况.结果:种植体周围骨最大应力为48.796 MPa,应力分布均匀.种植体所受应力主要集中于颈部,最大应力值为87.832 MPa.结论:过盈量为0.5mm时,种植体-骨界面所产生的应力值在骨组织所能承受的最大应力值范围内,种植体所受到的应力值远远小于钛的屈服强度,从生物力学角度,周围骨所受应力在骨组织能够承受范围,种植体也不会断裂,过盈联结在临床种植时有其可行性.     

Xive种植体周龈下可疑致病菌变化的1年观察

目的研究一年内Xive种植体周常见致病菌的变化情况,为种植体的定期维护提供理论基础。方法临床选取32名种植患者的44枚种植体,记录了修复后1个月,修复后3个月,修复后6个月,修复后12个月四个时段,入选种植牙的菌斑指数（PLI）,牙龈指数（G1）,牙龈出血指数（GBI）,探诊深度（PD）;采用产黑菌、放线菌、具核梭杆菌及厌氧菌的选择性培养基对龈下菌斑标本进行了分离培养。结果随时间延长,种植体周几种龈下菌的检出量除牯放菌外不断增加,1个月到3个月时增加的趋势最为明显,到6个月左右趋于稳定。厌氧菌总数、产黑菌、核梭菌、粘放菌的统计值在1个月和3个月、3个月和6个月比较差异有显著性,但在6个月和12个月比较差异无显著性。各临床指标和X-线指标随时问的变化差异无显著性。结论在临床工作中,应注意加强修复后3个月时种植患者的口腔维护,防止种植体周围炎的发生,提高种植成功率。     

过盈植入对种植体-骨界面应力分布影响的三维有限元分析（英文）

目的：应用三维有限元分析法研究牙种植体过盈植入对种植体-骨界面接触压力的影响。方法：选择直径为3.3 mm的ITI种植体和成人离体下颌骨,模拟种植体植入下颌骨内,过盈量为0.5 mm,建立三维有限元模型,应用ANSYS软件分析种植体-骨界面的应力分布情况。结果：种植体周围骨最大应力为48.796 MPa,应力分布均匀。种植体所受应力主要集中于颈部,最大应力值为87.832 MPa。结论：过盈量为0.5 mm时,种植体-骨界面所产生的应力值在骨组织所能承受的最大应力值范围内,种植体所受到的应力值远远小于钛的屈服强度,从生物力学角度,周围骨所受应力在骨组织能够承受范围,种植体也不会断裂,过盈联结在临床种植时有其可行性。     

军校学员不同负重全力行军1 km时心肺功能和血乳酸的变化

目的：评定军校学员不同负重全力行进1 km时心肺功能的变化。方法：研究采用随机交互设计,10名健康男性受试者完成3次不同负重（无负重,15 kg和50 kg）全力1 km跑,分别采用运动心肺功能测试仪检测运动时心肺功能的变化,并分别在运动后即刻检测血乳酸的浓度,进行主观疲劳感觉评定。结果：与静息比较,无负重、15 kg负重和50 kg负重全力跑时心率、呼吸频率、相对的摄氧量和代谢当量均显著增加（P<0.01）,但不同负重量之间不存在显著的差异;与静息值相比,每分通气量均显著增加（P<0.01）,但无负重显著大于15 kg负重和50 kg负重（P<0.01）。随着负重量的增加,速度显著下降,每分钟能量消耗呈下降趋势,50 kg负重总能量消耗显著大于无负重与15 kg负重（P<0.01）。与静息状态比较,无负重、15 kg负重和50 kg负重全力跑后血乳酸浓度均显著增加（P<0.01）,但50 kg负重显著低于无负重和15 kg负重（P<0.01）。不同负重量之间主观疲劳程度无显著变化。结论：在完成以有氧和无氧混合为主全力运动时,不同负重状态下,心肺反应基本上趋于一致。但随着负重增加,相对有氧功能比例增加,高负重对机体总能量消耗和移动能力产生较大的影响。     

Fatigue Loading Effect in Custom-Made All-on-4 Implants System: A 3D Finite Elements Analysis

ObjectivesThis study aims to evaluate the fatigue stress around custom-made all-on-4 implants system to find out which type of implants have a better performance under different graded multidirectional occlusal forces.Material and methods3D normal and implanted models simulating the “All-on-4” concept were created and analyzed under three different conditions of occlusal loadings. Two types of static and fatigue were applied. Stress distribution was analyzed based on von Mises and Goodman theories in ANSYS environment in addition to the safety factor. Statistical tests were performed to assess the significance of the results as well as the reproducibility of the results.ResultsThe results showed stress increasing reaching a value of 48%, 29% in tilted implants compared to vertical implants and normal cases respectively. In contrast, tilted implants appeared to be less stable (safety factor may reach 0.7) and they may fail during the application of occlusal forces. The safety factor of cortical bone decreased by about 91% in the implanted model compared to the normal model, indicating a higher possibility of bone remodeling around the bone.ConclusionThe orientation and position of occlusal forces had an important influence on stress distribution between the implant and the surrounding bone, and fatigue loading caused greater stresses in comparison with static loading. Lower amounts of stress were found in the vertical implants, ensuring a higher safety factor and a longer clinical service. In contrast, the critical safety factor values are observed in tilted implants, which may fail under the influence of applied occlusal forces.     

Finite element investigation of implant-supported fixed partial prosthesis in the premaxilla in immediately loaded and osseointegrated states

The aim of this study was to gain insight into the behaviour of the stresses and strains at the bone–implant interface of an implant-supported fixed partial prosthesis (FPP) in the premaxilla under immediate loading and osseointegrated conditions. Finite element models of a four-unit FPP were generated. An extreme condition was simulated, using only two immediately loaded implants in order to derive recommendations for possible clinical application. Straight and 20°-angled abutments and bonded or sliding contact between the bridge and abutment were simulated. In addition, two models were generated with two completely osseointegrated implants. A 150 N load to the prosthesis at a 45° angle to the long axis of each implant was applied. Minor differences were observed in implant displacements, stress and strain distributions of the two abutment designs. However, bone loading exceeded the physiological limits, including a risk of bone atrophy. A considerable decrease in implant displacements and bone loading was observed in the osseointegrated cases. An FPP supported by only two implants cannot be recommended for immediate loading.     

The influence of implant number and abutment design on the biomechanical behaviour of bone for an implant-supported fixed prosthesis: a finite element study in the upper anterior region

It is always recommended to use more implants for supporting a prosthesis in the immediate loading condition than in the classical two-stage treatment procedure. By means of the finite element (FE) method, the influence of the number of implants used in immediately loaded fixed partial prosthesis (FPP) on the load distribution was investigated, considering the abutment geometry. Two 3D FE models were studied employing four implants to support a FPP in the premaxilla. One model was designed with straight abutments and the other with 20°-angled abutments. The results concerning implant displacements, stresses and strains were compared with those of two implant-supported FPPs, obtained in a previous study. A noticeable reduction in the determined biomechanical bone loading was observed with the use of more implants in supporting an immediately loaded prosthesis. This study confirms that the use of additional numbers of implants in an immediately loaded prosthesis is highly recommended.     

Resonance frequency analysis of overdenture retainer implants with immediate loading

doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2011.00488.x
Resonance frequency analysis of overdenture retainer implants with immediate loading Objective: To evaluate 16 patients of both sexes with lower overdenture and upper complete dentures, by analysing the resonance frequency of the initial and late stability of implants used to retain the overdenture under immediate loading. Background: Oral rehabilitation treatment with complete dentures using implants has been increasingly more common among the specialists in the oral rehabilitation area. This is an alternative for obtaining retention and stability in treatments involving conventional complete dentures, where two implants are enough to retain the overdenture satisfactorily. Materials and methods: The Osstell? Mentor device was used for the analysis in the initial period (primary stability), 3 and 15 months after the installation of the lower overdenture (secondary stability). The statistical analysis was performed with the repeated measures model (p < 0.01). Results: The implant stability quotients were observed to increase after 15 months of the rehabilitating treatment. Conclusion: The use of overdentures over two lower implants should become the treatment of choice for individuals who have a fully edentulous mandible.     

Stress distribution in cylindrical and conical implants under rotational micromovement with different boundary conditions and bone properties: 3-D FEA

Factors related to micromovements at bone-implant interface have been studied because they are considered adverse to osseointegration. Simplifications are commonly observed in these FEA evaluations. The aim of this study was to clarify the influence of FEA parameters (boundary conditions and bone properties) on the stress distribution in peri-implant bone tissue when micromovements are simulated in implants with different geometries. Three-dimensional models of an anterior section of the jaw with cylindrical or conical titanium implants (4.1 mm in width and 11 mm in length) were created. Micromovement (50, 150, or 250 μm) was applied to the implant. The FEA parameters studied were linear vs. non-linear analyses, isotropic vs. orthogonal anisotropic bone, friction coefficient (0.3) vs. frictionless bone-implant contact. Data from von Mises, shear, maximum, and minimum principal stresses in the peri-implant bone tissue were compared. Linear analyses presented a relevant increase of the stress values, regardless of the bone properties. Frictionless contact reduced the stress values in non-linear analysis. Isotropic bone presented lower stress than orthogonal anisotropic. Conical implants behave better, in regard to compressive stresses (minimum principal), than cylindrical ones, except for nonlinear analyses when micromovement of 150 and 250 μm were simulated. The stress values raised as the micromovement amplitude increased. Non-linear analysis, presence of frictional contact and orthogonal anisotropic bone, evaluated through maximum and minimum principal stress should be used as FEA parameters for implant-micromovement studies.     

A histological and biomechanical study of bone stress and bone remodeling around immediately loaded implants

Immediate loading(IL)increases the risk of marginal bone loss.The present study investigated the biomechanical response of peri-implant bone in rabbits after IL,aiming at optimizing load management.Ninety-six implants were installed bilaterally into femurs of 48 rabbits.Test implants on the left side created the maximal initial stress of 6.9 and 13.4 MPa in peri-implant bone and unloaded implants on the contralateral side were controls.Bone morphology and bone-implant interface strength were measured with histological examination and push-out testing during a 12-week observation period.Additionally,the animal data were incorporated into finite element(FE)models to calculate the bone stress distribution at different levels of osseointegration.Results showed that the stress was concentrated in the bone margin and the bone stress gradually decreased as osseointegration proceeded.A stress of about 2.0 MPa in peri-implant bone had a positive effect on new bone formation,osseointegration and bone-implant interface strength.Bone loss was observed in some specimens with stress exceeding 4.0 MPa.Data indicate that IL significantly increases bone stress during the early postoperative period,but the load-bearing capacity of peri-implant bone increases rapidly with an increase of bone-implant contact.Favorable bone responses may be continually promoted when the stress in peri-implant bone is maintained at a definite level.Accordingly,the progressive loading mode is recommended for IL implants.     

Biomechanical comparison of implant inclinations and load times with the all-on-4 treatment concept: a three-dimensional finite element analysis

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of implant inclinations and load times on stress distributions in the peri-implant bone based on immediate- and delayed-loading models. Four 3D FEA models with different inclination angle of the posterior implants (0°, 15°, 30°, 45°) were constructed. A static load of 150?N in the multivectoral direction was applied unilaterally to the cantilever region. The stress distributions in the peri-implant bone were evaluated before and after osseointegration. The principal tensile stress (σ_max), mean principal tensile stress (σ_max), principal compressive stress (σ_min) and mean principal compressive stress (σ_min) of the bone and micromotion at the contact interface between the bone and implants were calculated. In all the models, peak principal stresses occurred in the bone surrounding the left tilted implant. The highest σ_max and σ_min were all observed in the 0° model for both immediate- and delayed-loading models. And the 0° and 15° models showed higher σ_max and σ_min values. The 0°models showed the largest micromotion. The observed stress distribution was better in the 30° and 45° models than in the 0° and 15° models.     

哺乳动物的延迟着床及其分子调控

延迟着床是指胚胎在发育到胚泡阶段时暂时进入休眠状态,并不立即着床。在这个时期,胚泡或者停止细胞分化与增长,以使其大小及内部细胞数量保持稳定,或者经历一个少量细胞发生分化的缓慢增长阶段。共有7个目中的近100种哺乳动物有延迟着床现象。延迟着床受光周期、哺乳刺激和营养等各方面因素的影响,同时还受激素和多种生长因子等调节。虽然各种动物中延迟着床的机制各不相同,但延迟着床均可有效地延长妊娠期,使该物种在一年中最适宜的时期进行交配和产仔。利用在小鼠或大鼠中建立的延迟着床模型,可模拟正常的胚胎着床过程,有利于研究胚胎着床过程中的分子调控机制。     

冠状动脉内重叠支架置入术的临床研究进展

重叠支架置入术是临床上用来治疗冠状动脉弥漫性长病变的常用方法,以往曾采取重叠裸金属支架置入术,但其临床预后不佳,目前较为常用的重叠药物洗脱支架置入术被认为相对安全、有效,但仍存在许多潜在问题。本文介绍了适合使用重叠支架置入术进行治疗的冠状动脉病变的特点,回顾了重叠裸金属支架的临床应用情况,阐述了近年来药物洗脱支架的发展以及重叠药物洗脱支架置入术的优势,比较了四种负载不同药物的药物洗脱支架同种重叠置入后的临床疗效,观察了异种药物洗脱支架混合重叠置入后的临床特点和支架重叠段对临床预后的影响,分析了重叠支架置入术与几种其它治疗冠状动脉弥漫性长病变方法的应用区别,并对新一代药物支架的重叠应用进行了展望。