降落伞式缝合在肠道吻合术中的应用

目的:通过胆肠吻合缝合技术的改进,减少并发症的发生。方法:对52例肠道吻合手术采用降落伞式缝合。结果:降落伞式胆肠吻合时间平均20 min,明显缩短了手术时间,全部病例均未出现胆肠吻合漏,无死亡病例。结论:降落伞式胆肠吻合术具有操作简便、省时、并发症少等特点。     

贯穿式胰管空肠黏膜缝合在胰十二指肠切除术中的对比研究

目的:比较贯穿式胰管空肠黏膜缝合与传统缝合方式用于胰十二指肠切除术(PD)中的效果,并分析其用于PD术中的价值。方法:收集2010年9月-2015年12月我院行PD的60例病人临床资料,按照吻合方法的不同分为2组:贯穿组和传统组,各30例。贯穿组患者均采用贯穿式胰管空肠黏膜缝合,传统组患者均采取传统缝合的方式。对比两组患者临床一般指标(胰肠吻合时间、术中出血量和术后住院时间)以及围术期并发症(如胰瘘、淋巴漏、胃排空障碍、肺部感染、吻合口出血、腹腔脓肿)等情况,并比较两组再手术率和再入院率。结果:贯穿组胰肠吻合时间、术中出血量和术后住院时间较传统组减少,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。贯穿组围术期胰瘘发生率为10.00%,显著低于传统组的40.00%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),贯穿组B级胰瘘发生率显著低于传统组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。贯穿组再手术率、再入院率与传统组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:贯穿式胰管空肠黏膜缝有利于PD患者术后恢复,且围术期胰瘘发生率低,不失为一种有效的胰肠吻合方式。     

肿瘤局部切除加^125I残瘤间植入治疗肝门部胆管癌

目的：探讨晚期肝门部胆管癌的治疗方法。方法：肝门部胆管癌9例,肿瘤局部切除,胆肠吻合,吻合口后壁采用血管吻合线无创吻合,残余肿瘤^125I组织间植入持续、精确、适形的放射治疗。结果：所有患者术后恢复良好,黄疸于1-2月后基本消退,未出现胆漏及胆管炎等并发症,随访2-18月,全部存活。结论：肝门部胆管癌肿瘤局部切除,胆肠吻合时后壁采用血管吻合线吻合,可以简化手术;^125I组织间植入治疗残余肿瘤安全,有效,操作简单,对于胆管癌行肿瘤姑息性切除者,可降低术后复发,提高生存率。     

肿瘤局部切除加125Ⅰ残瘤间植入治疗肝门部胆管癌

目的：探讨晚期肝门部胆管癌的治疗方法。方法：肝门部胆管癌9例,肿瘤局部切除,胆肠吻合,吻合口后壁采用血管吻合线无创吻合,残余肿瘤^125I组织间植入持续、精确、适形的放射治疗。结果：所有患者术后恢复良好,黄疸于1-2月后基本消退,未出现胆漏及胆管炎等并发症,随访2-18月,全部存活。结论：肝门部胆管癌肿瘤局部切除,胆肠吻合时后壁采用血管吻合线吻合,可以简化手术;^125I组织间植入治疗残余肿瘤安全,有效,操作简单,对于胆管癌行肿瘤姑息性切除者,可降低术后复发,提高生存率。     

肿瘤局部切除加125Ⅰ残瘤间植入治疗肝门部胆管癌

目的:探讨晚期肝门部胆管癌的治疗方法.方法:肝门部胆管癌9例,肿瘤局部切除,胆肠吻合,吻合口后壁采用血管吻合线无创吻合,残余肿瘤125I组织间植入持续、精确、适形的放射治疗.结果:所有患者术后恢复良好,黄痘于1-2月后基本消退,未出现胆漏及胆管炎等并发症,随访2-18月,全部存活.结论:肝门部胆管癌肿瘤局部切除,胆肠吻合时后壁采用血管吻合线吻合,可以简化手术;125I组织间植入治疗残余肿瘤安全,有效,操作简单,对于胆管癌行肿瘤姑息性切除者,可降低术后复发,提高生存率.     

胰管空肠内置管在胰十二指肠切除术中的应用(附13例报告)

胰十二指肠切除术是壶腹部周围癌根治性手术。手术难度大而复杂,并发症也多,尤其在胰肠吻合、胆肠吻合和胃肠吻合口中。一旦发生胰瘘,其死亡率可达50％。为了防止胰瘘的发生,国内外专家对此手术方法均做了不少改进,但仍有胰瘘发生。我院自1985～1993年对胰头及壶腹部周围癌行胰十二指肠切除13例,均采用胰管空肠内置管的方法进行手术,无1例发生吻合口胰瘘,均全愈出院,现报告如下。     

肠造瘘术治疗单纯性肠穿孔较肠吻合术具有较好的疗效

为探讨单纯性肠穿孔患者实施肠造瘘术和肠吻合术治疗效果及预后差异,本研究选取单纯性肠穿孔患者75例作为研究对象,根据患者手术方式分为造瘘组(肠造瘘术治疗, 43例)和吻合组(肠吻合术治疗,32例),比较两组患者围手术期指标、近期疗效、术后并发症发生率及生活质量。研究发现两组患者发病到手术时间、手术时间、术中出血量比较无统计学意义(p>0.05);造瘘组患者胃肠功能恢复时间、术后禁食时间、卧床时间、住院时间均短于吻合组患者(p<0.05);造瘘组患者术后肠梗阻、二次手术、死亡发生率均低于吻合组患者(p<0.05);然而,造瘘组患者术后生活质量评分低于吻合组患者(p<0.05)。因此,本研究的初步结论为,肠造瘘术治疗单纯肠穿孔,相对肠吻合术治疗可缩短患者术后恢复时间、降低并发症发生率,但可对患者术后生活质量造成一定影响。     

改良单层胰肠吻合术在胰十二指肠切除术带蒂大网膜包埋中的应用

目的:探讨带蒂大网膜包埋的改良单层胰肠吻合法重建消化道的胰十二指肠术的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析2012年9月-2014年12月在我院行胰十二指肠切除术带蒂大网膜包埋改良单层胰肠吻合术的34例患者的临床资料。统计患者的手术时间、胰肠吻合时间、术后出血量、住院时间以及并发症的发生情况。结果:(1)手术平均时间(2.9±1.4)h,胰肠吻合平均时间(14±2.1)min,术后平均出血量(380±60)m L。所有患者经治疗后均治愈出院,住院时间平均(13.0±2.4)天。(2)术后并发症发生率为8例(23.5%),其中胰瘘2例(5.8%),为A级胰瘘;腹部感染3例(8.8%);腹腔出血2例(5.8%);胃排空延迟1例(2.9%)。无手术死亡者,无因严重并发症需要再次手术者。术后病理学诊断胰头癌18例,胆总管下癌8例,壶腹部癌5例,十二指肠乳头癌3例。结论:带蒂大网膜包埋的改良单层胰肠吻合能够减少术后胰瘘、出血、感染等并发症,提高手术成功率,值得临床进一步推广。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC 术）致胆管损伤的诊治体会

摘要目的：总结腹腔镜胆囊切除术（laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC 术）中胆管损伤的诊治体会。方法：回顾19 例LC 术致胆管 损伤病例的临床资料,分析其发生的类型及原因,并总结其诊断和治疗要点。结果：19 例患者中,1 例发生在左右肝管汇合以上处 损伤,2 例发生胆总管缺损伤,3 例发生胆总管横断伤,5 例发生胆总管侧面伤,3 例发生胆总管钳夹但未切断,1 例发生右肝管损 伤,4例发生胆囊管残端漏。治疗方法应视胆管损伤类型的不同而不同。采用断端处胆管端端吻合,同时放置T 管引流、单纯胆总 管T 管引流、开腹去除误夹夹子、ERCP检查放置鼻胆管引流及胆肠Rouxeny 吻合术。胆肠Rouxeny吻合术是临床上最常用的修 补胆道损伤的手术方法。随访6 个月～18 年,恢复好,无1 例死亡。结论：胆管损伤是LC 术最常见的并发症之一,规范的操作及 手术适应症的掌握能减少其发生。一旦出现胆管损伤,及时诊断及正确处理能减少其不良后果。     

两种腹腔镜肾部分切除术治疗T1a期肾癌的对比研究

目的：评价经腹腔入路与后腹腔入路两种途径腹腔镜肾部分切除术治疗T1a期肾癌的技术特点及临床效果。方法：回顾性比较分析35例经腹腔入路（A组）与33例后腹腔入路03组）腹腔镜肾部分切除术治疗T1a期肾癌患者的临床资料,对两组肿瘤大小、标本重量、性别、年龄、手术时间、术中出血量、热缺血时间、术后肠功能恢复时间、术后住院天数、围手术期并发症等指标进行对比研究。两组共68例患者均获得随访,比较两种术式的肿瘤学效果。结果：两组在肿瘤大小、标本重量、性别、年龄、手术时间、术中出血量、热缺血时间、围手术期并发症发生率、术后无瘤生存率等方面均无明显差异（p〉0．05）;B组在术后肠功能恢复时间及术后住院天数小于A组（P〈0．05）。结论：对于治疗T1a期肾癌,两种途径的腹腔镜手术效果相似。后腹腔入路腹腔镜肾部分切除术对肠道干扰少,可缩短术后肠功能恢复时间及术后住院天数。本中心采用”三步走”方法-剪刀剪除肿瘤、双极电凝止血、Hem-0-lok结扎夹辅助8字缝合,安全、高效、可靠。肌苷、廿露醇及利尿荆使用可减少缺血再灌注损伤,操护肾功能。     

Computational Study of Anastomosis Angle of Arteriovenous Fistula for Hemodialysis

Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the endorsed method of vascular access for hemodialysis in end-stage renal disease (ESRD). However, more than 60% of AVF fail to mature for hemodialysis. Intimal hyperplasia leads to stenosis is the primary cause of fistula failure. Wall shear stress (WSS) is one of the important parameters that enact a crucial role in building of intimal hyperplasia. The prime purpose of this research work is to investigate the effect of anastomosis angle on WSS, pressure drop, venous outflow rate and identify the optimal angle of anastomosis of AVF, so that it helps to standardize the surgical technique. In this research work, three-dimensional idealized geometries of end-to-side type AVF for the four different angles of anastomosis are created. Numerical simulation performed using incompressible, Newtonian blood to calculate the WSS, blood flow rate at the distal end of the vein and pressure drop across the anastomosis for the three arterial inflow 350, 500 and 900 ml/min. For all three arterial inflow, the WSS is high at 75° compared to other angles and it is less at 60°. The WSS at 45° and 90° are moderate. The venous outflow is increasing with the increase in arterial inflow condition for all anastomosis angles except for 45°. The outflow rate at distal venous end is highest, 344.85 ml/min at 45° for 500 ml/min arterial inflow. Pressure drop high at 45° and lowest at 90°. The intensity of disturbed flow and recirculation zone was observed at the area of anastomosis and it is high at 75°. From the results and observations, it can be concluded that 45° angle is the best choice for the anastomosis of AVF. This finding will standardize the surgical technique and subsequently, it will help to mature the AVF early and for a long time.     

Regional Cerebral Glucose Utilization in Rats with Portacaval Anastomosis

Regional cerebral glucose utilization was measured using [2-¹⁴C]glucose in rats with an end-to-side portacaval anastomosis. The experiments were conducted in two groups of rats 4 to 8 weeks after portacaval shunting was established. One group was paralyzed and given N₂O:O₂ (70:30), whereas the other was conscious, unstressed, and unaware of the experiment. In both groups the rate of glucose utilization was decreased in almost all brain structures by an average of 20% after portacaval shunting. The results showed definitively that cerebral energy metabolism was reduced at a time when there were no obvious neurological abnormalities.     

Murine Ileocolic Bowel Resection with Primary Anastomosis

Intestinal resections are frequently required for treatment of diseases involving the gastrointestinal tract, with Crohn’s disease and colon cancer being two common examples. Despite the frequency of these procedures, a significant knowledge gap remains in describing the inherent effects of intestinal resection on host physiology and disease pathophysiology. This article provides detailed instructions for an ileocolic resection with primary end-to-end anastomosis in mice, as well as essential aspects of peri-operative care to maximize post-operative success. When followed closely, this procedure yields a 95% long-term survival rate, no failure to thrive, and minimizes post-operative complications of bowel obstruction and anastomotic leak. The technical challenges of performing the procedure in mice are a barrier to its wide spread use in research. The skills described in this article can be acquired without previous surgical experience. Once mastered, the murine ileocolic resection procedure will provide a reproducible tool for studying the effects of intestinal resection in models of human disease.     

改良血管套接法与血管断端吻合法对断指再植患者断指血运、断指成活以及运动功能的影响

目的:探讨改良血管套接法与血管断端吻合法对断指再植患者断指血运、断指成活以及运动功能的影响。方法:回顾性分析我院于2017年1月到2018年12月期间治疗的107例断指再植患者的临床资料。根据手术方法的不同将患者分为A组(n=55,共断指93指)和B组(n=52,共断指86指),A组给予血管断端吻合法,B组给予改良血管套接法,比较两组患者断指血运、断指成活、运动功能、生活质量及并发症。结果:B组毛细血管充盈时间、患指微循环检测值低于A组,氧饱和度、经皮氧分压则高于A组(P<0.05)。B组断指成活率、断指张力正常率及断指颜色正常率均高于A组(P<0.05)。B组术后1年社会关系领域、生理领域、心理领域以及环境领域的维度评分均高于A组(P<0.05)。B组的肌力、活动度、灵巧度、Carroll量表评分均高于A组(P<0.05)。两组并发症发生率对比未见统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:与血管断端吻合法相比,断指再植患者采用改良血管套接法,在断指血运、断指成活、运动功能、生活质量方面的改善效果更佳,且不会增加并发症发生率。     

Rapid novel aortic arch replacement for thoracic aortic aneurysm using three continuous sutures and a felt cylindrical collar

This report describes the novel parachute technique of open distal anastomosis at the aortic arch replacement. Two Teflon felt cylindrical collars were initially placed on the anastomotic site of the descending aorta. All four to five outer loops of the stitches used in the parachute technique were tracked by the gathering suture. The anastomotic sutures and three gathering sutures were finally pulled simultaneously. The prosthetic graft and the aortic stump with Teflon felt were safely and completely anastomosed. Surgical or hospital death and serious complications were not found. The mean anastomotic duration (circulatory arrest duration) in 16 patients was 23 minutes. Our novel technique using a Teflon felt cylindrical collar and modified continuous suturing was not only safe but also reduced the duration of anastomosis and minimized blood loss. This technique is simple and can be applied to aortic valve replacement.     

大隐静脉顺行序贯式吻合技术在冠心病患者中的应用

目的:探讨大隐静脉(SVG)顺行序贯式吻合技术在冠心病患者中的应用价值。方法:收集我院2011年1月至2014年6月收治的78例冠心病患者,回顾性分析患者非体外循环下行SVG顺行序贯式冠状动脉旁路移植术患者的临床资料,术后随访1~3.5年,平均(2.1±1.5)年,密切观察患者治疗效果以及相应的并发症的发生情况。结果:SVG双支桥48例,三支桥20例,四支桥10例,吻合口共196个。术后测定近段血流流速(37.14±11.78)m L/min,搏动指数(PI)值(3.00±1.25)。术后出现2例低心排血量综合征,2例迟发性心脏压塞,除1例因序贯出现多脏器功能衰竭而死亡外,其余均痊愈。术后复查,SVG桥的通畅率为100%。结论:SVG顺行序贯吻合能尽快恢复心脏供血,术后通畅率高,在医生严格掌握手术技巧的前提下,可安全用于冠心病的治疗。     

Use of DAPI for Anastomosis Group Typing of Strains of the Fungus Rhizoctonia solani

Strains of Rhizoctonia solani, a common soil-borne, pathogenic fungus of plants, are assigned to one of 11 anastomosis groups (AGs) based on the occurrence of imperfect fusions (anastomoses) between hyphae of a non-typed strain and a tester strain of one of the 11 AG's. Imperfect fusion is characterized by the death of one or more cells in each of the hyphae involved in the fusion. Although hyphae from branches of the same strain of JR. solani may fuse with each other (self-fusion), cell death does not occur. Cell death is accompanied by nuclear degradation and granulation, or plasmolysis of the cytoplasm, which often is not visible using bright-field microscopy. When the DNA-binding fluorochrome DAPI (4', 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) is used and the hyphal fusions viewed under fluorescence microscopy, no nuclei are observed in fused hyphal cells from two strains of the same AG of R. solani Because DAPI reacts only with living nuclei, lack of staining is presumptive evidence that the fused cells are dead as a result of imperfect fusion. The use of DAPI reduces the time required for making AG determinations compared to standard methods because it eliminates the need to assess cell wall dissolution and cytoplasmic fusion. Also, it is not necessary to trace the hyphae involved in the fusion to their respective origins to ensure that self-fusion has not occurred.