血浆Apelin-36 水平与高血压病的相关性研究

目的:探讨原发性高血压(EH)患者24小时平均血压水平与血浆Apelin-36水平的相关性。方法:选择2009年6月一2010年6月在我院心内二科住院的EH患者146例为观察组,选择144例血压正常者作为对照组。抽取空腹静脉血,采用放射免疫法(RIA)检测所有研究对象的血浆Apelin-36水平。结果:①血压正常组血浆Apelin-36水平24.65±4.10pmol/l;EH组20.81±4.98 pmol/l;两组间比较有显著统计学差异(P<0.01)。②EH患者者血浆Apelin-36水平与24小时平均收缩压、白天平均收缩压、夜间平均收缩压均呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论:EH组血浆Apelin-36水平显著低于正常对照组,24小时平均血压越高,血浆Apelin-36水平越低,且血浆Apelin-36水平与24小时平均血压水平呈负相关。     

老年肺炎患者血清Apelin-13水平与疾病严重程度和预后的相关性研究

摘要 目的：探讨与研究老年肺炎患者血清Apelin-13水平与疾病严重程度和预后的相关性。方法：采用回顾性研究方法,2018年3月到2021年2月选择在延安大学咸阳医院住院诊治的老年肺炎患者78例作为研究对象,检测血清Apelin-13水平,使用急性生理学及慢性健康状况评分系统（APACHEⅡ）、CT严重程度指数（CTSI）、序贯性器官功能衰竭评分（SOFA）评定患者的疾病严重程度,随访患者的预后并进行相关性分析。结果：所有患者随访到2021年7月1日,平均随访时间为18.47±2.82个月,死亡18例（死亡组）,占比23.1 %。死亡组的性别、年龄、生活行为、体重指数、病程、合并疾病等与非死亡组对比无差异（P>0.05）,但血清Apelin-13表达水平具有差异,且死亡组较非死亡组低（P<0.05）。死亡组的APACHEⅡ评分、SOFA评分、CTSI评分高于非死亡组（P<0.05）。在78例患者中,Pearson分析显示血清Apelin-13水平与APACHEⅡ评分、SOFA评分、CTSI评分存在负相关性（P<0.05）。多因素logistic回归分析显示：血清Apelin-13水平（OR=3.770）、APACHEⅡ评分（OR=3.624）、SOFA评分（OR=2.422）、CTSI评分（OR=1.842）都为影响患者预后死亡的重要因素（P<0.05）。结论：老年肺炎患者血清Apelin-13水平呈现低表达状况,与患者的APACHEⅡ评分、SOFA评分、CTSI评分等疾病严重程度指标存在相关性,也是影响患者预后死亡的重要因素。     

60例高龄高血压病血压动态观察

虽然大多数高龄高血压病患者长期接受药物治疗,但24h降压效果如何却很少受到重视,为此,作者自1999年以来共观察80岁以上的高血压病患者60例,旨在评价高龄高血压病在降压药治疗期间24h血压动态的变化。     

外源性Apelin-13 对心力衰竭大鼠血浆血管紧张素Ⅱ 和肾上腺髓质素的影响

目的:研究给予外源性Apelin-13治疗对血流动力学、血浆血管紧张素Ⅱ(Angiotensin-Ⅱ,AngⅡ)和肾上腺髓质素(Adrenomedulin,ADM)水平的影响。方法:将50只大鼠随机分为3组:心衰组(n=20)、治疗组(n=20)和正常对照组(n=10),阿霉素(ADR)腹腔注射建立大鼠心衰模型,治疗组给药外源性Apelin-13治疗,检测大鼠血浆AngⅡ和ADM水平(ELISA法)以及血流动力学的水平。结果:心衰组和治疗组血浆AngⅡ和ADM水平比正常对照组增高,但治疗组血浆AngⅡ和ADM水平比心衰组明显降低,治疗组左心室内压最大升降速度(LV±dp/dtmax)、左室最大收缩压(LVESP)比心衰组增高,左室舒张末期压(LVEDP)比心衰组低(P均<0.05)。结论:外源性apelin-13抑制体内的AngⅡ和ADM水平可能对ADR诱导的大鼠心衰有保护作用。     

外源性Apelin-13对心力衰竭大鼠血浆血管紧张素Ⅱ和肾上腺髓质素的影响

目的：研究给予外源性Apelin-13治疗对血流动力学、血浆血管紧张素Ⅱ（Angiotensin-Ⅱ,AngⅡ）和肾上腺髓质素（Adrenomedulin,ADM）水平的影响。方法：将50只大鼠随机分为3组：心衰组（n=20）、治疗组（n=20）和正常对照组（n=10）,阿霉素（ADR）腹腔注射建立大鼠心衰模型,治疗组给药外源性Apelin-13治疗,检测大鼠血浆AngⅡ和ADM水平（ELISA法）以及血流动力学的水平。结果：心衰组和治疗组血浆AngⅡ和ADM水平比正常对照组增高,但治疗组血浆AngⅡ和ADM水平比心衰组明显降低,治疗组左心室内压最大升降速度（LV±dp/dtmax）、左室最大收缩压（LVESP）比心衰组增高,左室舒张末期压（LVEDP）比心衰组低（P均〈0.05）。结论：外源性apelin-13抑制体内的AngⅡ和ADM水平可能对ADR诱导的大鼠心衰有保护作用。     

高血压病患者血浆胰岛素与血管活性肠肽水平的改变

高血压病患者血浆胰岛素与血管活性肠肽水平的改变徐珞苏海灵王瑞华１唐明（青岛医学院生理学教研室,青岛２６６０２１;电力工业部青岛培养院）高血压是心血管病的主要危险因素。近年来研究表明,胰岛素（Ｉｎｓ）可能是高血压发病的重要机制之一。为了探讨Ｉｎｓ与血管...     

高血压患者动态血压变异与中医体质分类的相关性研究及中医干预

目的：以中山市石岐区退休干部为样本,探讨高血压患者动态血压变异与中医体质分类的相关性,并观察中医干预对血压变异的影响。方法：选取部分中山市石岐区退休干部进行血压测量,筛查出原发性高血压患者465例进行24 h动态血压监测,根据24 h动态血压昼夜节律变化,分为杓型组和非杓型组,比较2组患者中医体质分类。观察非杓型患者经中医干预前后的血压昼夜节律变化情况。结果：比较杓型组与非杓型组的中医体质分类,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）,杓型组多见湿热质、痰湿质,非杓型组多见阴虚质、气虚质和阳虚质。通过适当的中医干预有助于改善血压昼夜节律变化,有助于使非杓型血压向杓型血压转归（P＜0．05）。结论：中医体质分类与高血压患者动态血压变异有相关性,可为临床观察高血压患者动态血压变异做客观依据,为高血压患者实施个体化中医干预提供客观依据。     

2型糖尿病合并原发性高血压患者动态血压昼夜节律的研究

目的:探讨观察2型糖尿病(T2DM)合并原发性高血压患者动态血压昼夜节律的的变化。方法:采用动态血压监测(ABPM)仪,测定50例T2DM合并原发性高血压患者(观察组)和原发性高血压患者(对照组)的24h血压、日间血压及夜间血压,计算血压昼夜差值。结果:观察组24h血压平均值、日间血压平均值、夜间血压平均值及血压昼夜差值均显著高于对照组,相比较均有显著性差性(P0.05)。结论:T2DM合并原发性高血压时对患者的昼夜血压调节功能损害较大。改善T2DM合并原发性高血压患者体内糖代谢状况,可能有助于改善T2DM合并原发性高血压患者心血管系统血流动力学,从而减少心血管并发症。     

美托洛尔缓释片治疗青年原发性高血压对动态血压的影响分析

目的:临床上对青年患有原发性高血压的患者应用美托洛尔缓释片治疗,通过对治疗前后动态血压的监测,评价其治疗效果。方法:临床上收集80例青年患有原发性高血压的患者,通过口服美托洛尔缓释片,接受持续治疗60天后,监测动态血压的在治疗前后24h内的变化情况。结果:治疗前青年患有原发性高血压的患者通过监测发现血压均值和血压负荷24h内都有明显升高,血压昼夜节律出现异常的患者比例为79%;经过服药治疗后患者24h内血压均值和血压负荷都已达到正常值,而且夜间血压下降率有了显著提高(P0.05)。结论:临床上采用美托洛尔缓释片治疗青年中患有原发性高血压的患者,可以使24h内全天血压均值和血压负荷有明显下降效果显著,而且经过监测夜间血压有显著下降。     

Relationship Between Metabolic Syndrome,Circadian Treatment Time,and Blood Pressure Non-Dipping Profile in Essential Hypertension

There is a strong association between metabolic syndrome (MS) and increased cardiovascular risk. Moreover, elevated nighttime blood pressure (BP) and non-dipping (subjects with <10% decline in the asleep relative to the awake BP mean) have been also linked to increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. We investigated the relation between MS, circadian time of hypertension treatment, and impaired nighttime BP decline in a cross-sectional study on 3352 (1576 men/1776 women) non-diabetic hypertensive subjects, 53.7?±?13.1 (mean?±?SD) yrs of age. Among them, 2056 were ingesting all their prescribed hypertension medication upon awakening, and 1296 were ingesting at least one of their BP medications at bedtime. BP was measured by ambulatory monitoring for 48 consecutive hours to substantiate reproducibility of the dipping pattern. Physical activity was simultaneously monitored every minute by wrist actigraphy to accurately calculate mean BP when awake and asleep for each subject. MS was present in 52.6% of the subjects. The prevalence of an altered non-dipper BP profile was significantly higher among subjects with MS (52.0% vs. 39.5% in subjects without MS, p < .001). Non-dipping was significantly more prevalent among subjects ingesting all BP-lowering medications upon awakening (56.8%) than among those ingesting at least one of their BP medications at bedtime (29.1%; p < .001). Subjects with MS had significantly higher values of uric acid (6.0 vs. 5.3?mg/dL, p < .001), plasma fibrinogen (331 vs. 315?mg/dL, p < .001), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (14.8 vs. 12.4?mm, p < .001). Non-dipping was significantly associated with the presence of MS and treatment upon awakening in a multiple logistic regression model adjusted by significant confounding factors, including age, creatinine, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and cigarette smoking. This cross-sectional study documents a significant increase of a blunted sleep-time BP decline in treated hypertensive subjects with MS. Even in the presence of MS, treatment at bedtime is significantly associated with lower prevalence of a high-risk non-dipper BP profile. (Author correspondence: rhermida@uvigo.es)     

哈萨克族原发性高血压患者血浆CGRP水平及其相关性研究

目的:探讨血浆降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)水平与新疆哈萨克族(哈族)原发性高血压病患者血压、血脂、血糖、肥胖等的相关性。方法:选取新疆哈族原发性高血压患者52例为观察组,哈族健康对照组48例,测量血压(BP)、身高、体重、腰围(WC)、臀围(HC),抽取空腹静脉血测定血糖(FPG)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C),计算体重指数(BMI)腰臀比(WHR)。结果:①原发性高血压组血浆CGRP水平明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(p<0.01);②原发性高血压组血浆CGRP水平与SBP、LDL-C和TG呈显著负相关(p<0.01);对照组血浆CGRP水平与SBP和LDL-C呈显著负相关(p<0.01)。结论:哈族原发性高血压患者血浆CGRP水平与血压、血脂存在相关性。     

Cardiovascular Risk of Essential Hypertension: Influence of Class,Number, and Treatment-Time Regimen of Hypertension Medications

A number of observational studies have found that treated hypertensive patients, even those with controlled clinic blood pressure (BP), might have poorer prognosis than untreated hypertensives. Different trials have also shown that relatively low cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk cannot be achieved in high-risk hypertensive patients, leading to the belief they have a “residual CVD risk” that cannot be attenuated by conventional treatment. All these conclusions disregard the facts that the correlation between BP level and CVD risk is stronger for ambulatory than clinic BP and that the BP-lowering efficacy and effects on the 24-h BP pattern of different classes of hypertension medications exhibit statistically and clinically significant treatment-time (morning versus evening) differences. Accordingly, we evaluated the potential differential administration-time-dependent effects on CVD risk of the various classes of hypertension medications and the number of them used for therapy in the MAPEC (Monitorización Ambulatoria para Predicción de Eventos Cardiovasculares, i.e., Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring for Prediction of Cardiovascular Events) study, a prospective, open-label, blinded-endpoint trial on 2156 hypertensive patients (1044 men/1112 women), 55.6?±?13.6 (mean?±?SD) yrs of age, randomized to ingest all prescribed once-a-day hypertension medications upon awakening or the entire daily dose of ≥1 of them at bedtime. Ambulatory BP was measured for 48?h at baseline, and again annually or more frequently (quarterly) when adjustment of treatment was necessary to achieve ambulatory, i.e., awake and asleep, BP control. CVD risk according to the number and classes of medications used at the final evaluation was calculated by comparison with that of 734 normotensive subjects who were identically followed and remained untreated. After a median follow-up of 5.6 yrs, CVD risk of hypertensive patients randomized to ingest all medications upon awakening was progressively higher with increase in the number of medications (adjusted hazard ratio [HR]: 1.75, 2.26, 3.02, and 4.18 in patients treated with 1, 2, 3, and ≥4 medications daily, respectively; p?<?.001 compared with normotensive subjects). CVD risk was markedly lower in patients ingesting ≥1 medications at bedtime (HR: .35, 1.45, .94, and 2.28 with 1, 2, 3, and ≥4 medications daily, respectively), and even lower in patients ingesting all medications at bedtime (HR: .35, .39, .87, and .79 with 1, 2, 3, and ≥4 medications daily, respectively). Patients ingesting ≥1 medications at bedtime evidenced significantly lower CVD risk than those ingesting all medications upon awakening, independent of class. Greater benefits were observed for bedtime compared with awakening treatment with angiotensin-II receptor blockers (ARBs) (HR: .29 [95% confidence interval, CI .17–.51]; p?<?.001) and calcium channel blockers (HR: .46 [95% CI: .31–.69]; p?<?.001). CVD risk was similar for all six classes of tested hypertension medications in patients randomized to ingest all of them upon awakening. Among patients randomized to ingest ≥1 medications at bedtime, however, ARBs were associated with significantly lower HR of CVD events than ingestion of any other class of medication also at bedtime (p?<?.017). We document significantly reduced CVD risk among hypertensive patients ingesting medications at bedtime, independent of the number of hypertension medications required to achieve proper ambulatory BP control. These findings challenge the current belief of “residual CVD risk,” as a bedtime-treatment regimen of current hypertension medications, even in risk-high patients, can reduce such risk. (Author correspondence: rhermida@uvigo.es)     

Stress-Management Training for Essential Hypertension: A Controlled Study

Forty three patients with essential hypertension participated in a study on the effectiveness of stress-management training for essential hypertension. After 6–9 clinic and 48 self-measured readings of systolic and diastolic blood pressures (SBP and DBP), 22 patients were treated with a program based on education, relaxation, and problem-solving training; and another 21 patients were assigned to a waiting list control group. At post-treatment, mean reductions of clinic BP (17/13 mm Hg vs. 6.9/4.7 mm Hg for SBP/DBP), percentages of subjects who achieved at least a 5 mm Hg reduction (86/86% vs. 48/48% for SBP/DBP) and percentages of subjects who in addition achieved a normotensive level (59/68% vs. 29/14% for SBP/DBP) were significantly higher in the treated group than in the control group. Concerning self-measured BP, the effectiveness of the stress-management training was not so considerable (mean reductions of 3.6/2.4 mm Hg and percentages of subjects who achieved a 5 mm Hg reduction of 52/38% for SBP/DBP), but it was significant and maintained in a 4-month follow-up assessment (mean reductions of 4/2 mm Hg and percentages of subjects who achieved a 5 mm Hg reduction of 48/33% for SBP/DBP). It is suggested that stress-management training can be beneficial for treatment of essential hypertension.     

基因多态性与原发性高血压的相关性

高血压是一种遗传因素和环境因素相互作用所致的疾病,但高血压的病因尚不明确。已有的研究结果表明,高血压患者或潜在患者常有一种以上与血压调节相关的基因异常。目前,已有多个与高血压相关的基因位点被深入广泛研究。本文旨在就基因多态性与高血压相关性的研究进展进行综述。     

原发性高血压患者血压昼夜节律与靶器官损害的关系研究

目的:研究原发性高血压患者血压昼夜节律异常是否与靶器官损害存在关联。方法:将2015年2~11月份在我院治疗的94例原发性高血压病人按照血压昼夜节律是否正常分为节律正常组52例和异常组42例。比较两组患者的24h、白天、夜间的收缩压(SBP)与舒张压(DBP)及血压负荷,并且比较两组患者心脏、脑、肾损伤相关指标。结果:异常组全天24h、白天、夜间SBP及DBP,血压负荷均高于正常组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。异常组患者左室重量(LVM)和左室重量指数(LVMI)、发生心肌缺血次数及持续时间、发生脑梗死几率均明显高于正常组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。异常组尿微量白蛋白(MAU)、尿酸(UA)水平均高于正常组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:原发性高血压患者出现昼夜节律异常,可能对相关靶器官造成损伤。     

Circadian Blood Pressure Rhythm in Primary and Secondary Hypertension

Circadian blood pressure variability was recorded in patients with primary hypertension and with different forms of secondary hypertension using ambulatory 24-h blood pressure measurement. A group of 20 patients with different forms of secondary hypertension was compared with a matched group of patients with primary hypertension. Although the mean 24-h blood pressure was not different between the two groups, the patients with secondary hypertension had significantly higher systolic blood pressure during sleep and higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the early morning, compared with the primary hypertension group. This nocturnal blood pressure fall was then investigated in various groups of patients with different forms of secondary hypertension and compared with normotensives and patients with primary hypertension. Patients with mild primary hypertension (n = 152) and with severe primary hypertension (n = 30) had the same blood pressure fall (14–16 mm Hg systolic and diastolic) during the night (23:OO–05:OO h) as normotensives (n = 20). However, in patients with renoparenchymal hypertension (n = 29), renovascular hypertension (n = 20), hyperaldosteronism (n = 6), and hyperthyroidism (n = 14), the nocturnal blood pressure fall was significantly (p < 0.01) reduced. One patient with coarctation ofthe aorta and nine patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and elevated blood pressure had a normal circadian blood pressure profile with a normal nocturnal blood pressure fall. The heart rate decrease during the night was equal in all patient groups. Ambulatory blood pressure measurement allows blood pressure recording under everyday conditions, including nighttime. In primary hypertension the blood pressure variability exhibits the same circadian variation as in normotension, showing a marked nocturnal fall. However, in different forms of secondary hypertension, blood pressure shows a blunted circadian curve. This could have important diagnostic and therapeutic implications.     

血管紧张素原基因多态位点AGT174与原发性高血压相关性的研究

本文采用PCR、限制性酶切和电泳分型等方法,分别对90例原发性高血压患者和109例正常人血管紧张素原基因多态位点AGT174进行了检测,结果表明,高血压组中三种基因型的分布与对照组显著不同,提高该位点变异与原发性高血压的发生相关。 Abstract:The polymorphism of angiotensinogen gene at position 174 was studied in 90 cases of essential hypertension patients and 109 controls by PCR,restriction enzyme analysis and electrophoresis methods.The results showed the distribution of genetypes in hypertension group was significantly different from that of controls group.This suggested there is a correlation between the variant of AGT174 and hypertension.