太极拳运动对老年人步态稳定性的影响

目的:本实验通过对比老年人参加太极拳锻炼后的步态学参数的变化,旨在探究太极拳运动对老年人步态稳定性的影响。方法:(1)研究对象:选取40名社区老年人为研究对象。其中练习太极拳两年以上者20人为实验组(练习内容均为简化二十四式太极拳),其中男女各10名;未曾练习太极拳而且未参加其他项目锻炼者20名为对照组,其中男女各10名。(2)测试方法:采用BIODEX步态训练仪对两组不同老年人进行步态测试。实验数据采用SPSS13.0统计软件进行处理,以P<0.05为有显著性差异,P<0.01为有非常显著性差异。结果:随着年龄的增长,老年人的步态稳定性逐渐下降,同年龄段的老年人女性的步态稳定性优于男性老年人,男性老年人步长大于女性老年人。女性老年人的左脚功能明显优于男性老年人左脚功能。长期参加太极拳锻炼的老年人步态稳定性明显提高,在步速一定的情况下,通过加大步长,降低步频提高了步态的稳定性。结论:太极拳锻炼对促进老年人步态稳定提高平衡能力有显著效果,经常参加太极拳锻炼有助于老年人下肢功能的维持,应大力开展老年人太极拳锻炼。     

浅谈太极拳对老年人的健身养生功效

本文针对日益明显的人口老龄化问题,提出了太极拳对老年人健身机理的研究,提出太极拳对老年人生理、心理等方面良性的功效,让全世界更多的老人了解并受益于太极拳。     

长期太极拳运动对中老年人膝关节皮肤微血管反应性、经皮氧分压的影响*

目的: 探讨长期太极拳运动对中老年人膝关节皮肤微血管反应性、经皮氧分压的影响。方法: 以湖北省恩施州土家族苗族自治州太极拳爱好者协会26名系统练习(每周至少练习三次,每次不少于90 min)太极拳超过2年的成员为运动组(54.6± 4.0)岁,26名同年龄段健康的普通人为对照组(53.2±5.1)岁,两组受试者男女比例均为1∶1。使用第六代(最新一代)激光多普勒血流检测仪(PF6010)对研究对象膝关节表面中心的皮肤进行检测,测试指标包括血细胞平均运动速度(AVBC)、运动血细胞浓度(CMBC)、微血管血流灌注量(MBP)、经皮氧分压(TcpO2)。其中AVBC、CMBC、MBP先进行5 min的基础值测试(基础值),然后将测试探头加热到44℃并持续10 min(加热后值),TcpO2测试值为探头直接加热到44℃值。结果: 与对照组相比,运动组的MBP基础值有所降低,但无统计学意义(P＞0.05);MBP的加热后值与增加率显著升高(P＜0.05),CMBC的增加率显著降低(P＜0.05),AVBC的增加率显著升高(P＜0.05),TcpO2有所升高,但无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。结论: 长期系统的太极拳运动可提高中老年人膝关节皮肤微血管的反应性和经皮氧分压。     

不同训练负荷太极拳运动对早中期帕金森病患者康复疗效

目的 通过对比对照组和太极拳运动组,评价太极拳运动在早中期帕金森病患者康复作用。方法 45例帕金森病患者随机分为：对照组（n=15）,不接受干预;太极拳1组（n=15）采用24式简化太极拳练习,40 min/次,3次/周;太极拳2组（n=15）采用24式简化太极拳练习,60 min/次,3次/周。在基线、12周、24周运动后采用患者跌倒功效量表（FES）、起立-行走计时测试（TUGT）、Berg平衡量表评分（BBS）、统一帕金森病评定量表（UPDRS） Ⅲ评分、汉密尔顿焦虑抑郁量表评分（HAMD、HAMA）、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数评分（PSQI）进行评估。结果 太极拳1组,24周对比基线在TUGT、BBS评分的改善上有统计学意义（P<0.05）。太极拳2组,24周对比基线在TUGT、 BBS评分的改善上有统计学意义（P<0.05）,24周对比12周在TUGT的改善上有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 太极拳运动可以改善早中期帕金森病患者的平衡障碍,可降低跌倒风险。     

陈氏太极拳运动时血浆胰岛素,睾酮的变化

陈氏太极拳运动时血浆胰岛素、睾酮的变化宛霞赵晓进于广丽（河南师范大学,新乡４５３００２）陈氏太极拳运动对中,老年血浆胰岛素与睾酮含量的影响未见报导。作者测定了陈氏太极拳运动员赛前赛后血浆胰岛素和睾酮的含量,并同其他形式的运动员进行了比较。旨在探讨陈氏...     

浅析太极拳运动体现的中医养生之道

太极拳是中华传统武术中的主要拳种之一,是我国优秀的文化瑰宝。它吸收了古代哲学、医学、武术、导引术、吐纳术等中国传统文化的精华,形成了一套符合中医理论的独特健身方法。因太极拳运动的特征淋漓尽致的体现了中医养生之道,从而使其在诸多的养生方法中脱颖而出,成为倍受欢迎的运动项目。现笔者就太极拳运动如何体现中医养生之道进行论述。     

12周太极拳运动对中老年轻度高血压患者微血管反应性的影响及机制*

目的:研究12周太极拳运动对中老年轻度高血压患者微血管反应性的影响,并探讨微血管反应性变化的机制。方法:将30名轻度高血压患者分为运动组(53.8±6.3岁)和对照组(52.6±7.5岁),两组人数及性别比例相同。运动组进行12周的太极拳运动,对照组保持原先的生活方式且不做其它规律性的体育运动。两组受试者分别于运动干预前、第6周和第12周结束后进行微血管反应性、血压及血清一氧化氮含量 、一氧化氮合酶活性测试。结果:试验前,两组受试者各指标的基础值均无显著差异(P＞0.05)。运动组,第6周微血管反应性、收缩压、舒张压、一氧化氮含量、一氧化氮合酶活性较基础值无显著变化(P＞0.05),第12周微血管反应性、一氧化氮含量和钙依赖型一氧化氮合酶活性较基础值及对照组显著升高(P＜0.05),收缩压和舒张压较基础值和对照组显著下降(P＜0.05)。对照组,第6周、第12周各指标较基础值均无显著变化(P＞0.05)。结论:12周太极拳运动能提高中老年轻度高血压患者微血管反应性、降低血压,并能提高患者一氧化氮含量、钙依赖型一氧化氮合酶活性,内源性一氧化氮生成增加是太极拳运动提高高血压患者微血管反应性的生物学机制之一。     

行走模式对人体下肢三维步态、肌电信号的影响

目的:揭示人体在主动和被动两种行走模式下的步态特征与下肢主要肌群的肌电信号变化规律。方法:选取12名在校男大学生,通过Greenjog履带式自发力跑台和h/p/cosmos电动跑台建立主动式和被动式行走模型,先后在两种模式下以3种递增速度即慢速(2 km/h)、常速(4 km/h)、和快速(6 km/h)进行一次性步行运动,运用三维运动捕捉分析系统和表面肌电测试仪,分别对每种速度采集2 min的连续三维步态和肌电信号数据。结果:慢速时,被动式行走的支撑相占比显著高于主动式行走(P<0.05),而摆动相占比和膝关节角度变化值则显著低于主动式行走(P<0.05);常速时,被动式行走的膝关节角度变化值和股二头肌积分肌电值显著低于主动式行走(P<0.05);快速时,被动式行走的膝关节、踝关节角度变化值和股二头肌积分肌电值显著低于主动式行走(P<0.01);此外,随着步行速度的增加,被动式行走的胫骨前肌积分肌电值呈现显著增高的趋势(P<0.05)。结论:随着步行速度的增加,人体主动步行时的膝关节活动范围更充分,对主动肌的锻炼作用更明显。     

渐进式康复护理联合生物反馈疗法对帕金森病患者认知功能及步态功能的影响

目的 观察渐进式康复护理联合生物反馈疗法对帕金森病患者认知功能及步态功能的影响。方法 选取2019年1月至2021年6月我院收治的帕金森病患者78例为研究对象,依据随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组各39例。对照组实施常规康复护理,观察组实施渐进式康复护理联合生物反馈疗法。比较两组干预前及干预12周后的认知功能[蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)]、步态功能[计时起立-行走测试(TUGT)、Berg平衡量表(BBS)]及生活质量[帕金森病患者生活质量问卷(PDQ-39)]情况。结果 干预12周后,两组患者的MoCA评分均高于干预前,且观察组高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。干预12周后,两组患者的TUGT均低于干预前,BBS评分高于干预前,且观察组各指标改善均优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。干预12周后,两组患者的PDQ-39评分均低于干预前,且观察组明显低于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论 渐进式康复护理联合生物反馈疗法能显著改善帕金森病患者的认知和步态功能,提高生活质量。     

长期练习太极拳对老年人自主神经系统调节功能的影响

目的:研究长期练习太极拳运动对老年人自主神经系统调节功能的影响。方法:本文以辽宁省老干部大学太极拳练习班的18人为研究对象,将受试者分为两组。长期锻炼组10人,初学者8人。实验采用具有一个重复测量的两因素设计。利用ME6000生理电信号采集器、Pro Comp Infiniti呼吸感应器、水银血压计采集受试者练习太极拳前安静时,练习太极拳运动后30 min、60 min的心电、呼吸以及血压数据。结果:安静状态下,长期锻炼者心率变异性(HRV)的RR间期、正常RR间期的标准差(SDNN)、总功率(TP)、低频功率(LFP)、高频功率(HFP)、标准化高频功率(n HFP)频率显著高于初学者组,而低频/高频功率(LFP/HFP)、收缩压和舒张压、安静心率显著低于初学者。安静状态下,长期锻炼组受试者呼吸频率显著低于初学者。练习太极拳运动后,TP、n HFP、LFP/HFP以及HR和收缩压指标均有显著变化,同时发现长期锻炼组这些指标受太极拳运动影响的效应尺度要大于初学者。结论:长期坚持太极拳运动能够显著提高老年人迷走神经的调节作用同时减弱交感神经的调节作用。     

A practical step length algorithm using lower limb angular velocities

The use of Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) for spatial gait analysis has opened the door to unconstrained measurements within the home and community. Bandwidth, cost limitations, and ease of use has historically restricted the number and location of sensors worn on the body. In this paper, we describe a four-sensor configuration of IMUs placed on the shanks and thighs that is sufficient to provide an accurate measure of temporal gait parameters, spatial gait parameters, and joint angle dynamics during ambulation. Estimating spatial gait parameters solely from gyroscope data is preferred because gyroscopes are less susceptible to sensor noise and a system comprised of only gyroscopes uses decreased bandwidth compared to a typical 9 degree-of-freedom IMU. The purpose of this study was to determine the validity of a novel method of step length estimation using gyroscopes attached to the shanks and thighs. An Inverted Pendulum Model algorithm (IPM) was proposed to calculate step length, stride length, and gait speed. The algorithm incorporates heel-strike events and average forward velocity per step to make these assessments. IMU algorithm accuracy was determined via concurrent validity with an instrumented walkway and results explained via the collision model of gait. The IPM produced accurate estimates of step length, stride length, and gait speed with a mean difference of 3 cm and an RMSE of 6.6 cm for step length, thus establishing a new approach for spatial gait parameter calculation. The lack of numerical integration in IPM makes it well suited for use in continuous monitoring applications where sensor sampling rates are restricted.     

Gait selection and the ontogeny of quadrupedal walking in squirrel monkeys (Saimiri boliviensis)

Locomotor researchers have long known that adult primates employ a unique footfall sequence during walking. Most mammals use lateral sequence (LS) gaits, in which hind foot touchdowns are followed by ipsilateral forefoot touchdowns. In contrast, most quadrupedal primates use diagonal sequence (DS) gaits, in which hind foot touchdowns are followed by contralateral forefoot touchdowns. However, gait selection in immature primates is more variable, with infants and juveniles frequently using LS gaits either exclusively or in addition to DS gaits. I explored the developmental bases for this phenomenon by examining the ontogeny of gait selection in juvenile squirrel monkeys walking on flat and simulated arboreal substrates (i.e., a raised pole). Although DS gaits predominated throughout development, the juvenile squirrel monkeys nonetheless utilized LS gaits in one-third of the ground strides and in one-sixth of pole strides. Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that gait selection within the juvenile squirrel monkey sample was not significantly associated with either age or body mass per se, arguing against the oft-cited argument that general neuromuscular maturation is responsible for ontogenetic changes in preferred footfall sequence. Rather, lower level biomechanical variables, specifically the position of the whole-body center of mass and the potential for interference between ipsilateral fore and hindlimbs, best explained variation in footfall patterns. Overall, results demonstrate the promise of developmental studies of growth and locomotor development to serve as "natural laboratories" in which to explore how variability in morphology is, or is not, associated with variability in locomotor behavior.     

Gait variability analysis through phase portrait estimated from the Hilbert transform

Abstract

Gait variability has been used to evaluate the ability to control gait. Several studies approached this topic by analysing the influence of different conditions on gait variability, such as different walk speeds, inclined surfaces, load carriage, or comparing characteristics of subject groups, such as age, sedentarism and impairment level. The aim of this study was to develop and assess a new method, based on the property of the Hilbert transform of easily creating a phase portrait from a single time series, capable of estimating variability within gait cycles. The obtained results were based on a comparison of the proposed method with a traditional one whilst analysing a data set related to gait evaluation on inclined surfaces. Furthermore, the influence of noise over the estimated gait variability was assessed. The results showed that the proposed method is less sensitive to the presence of noise, with the advantage of not relying on signal interpolation, being thus an alternative to the analysis of gait variability.     

An Experimental Study on the Gait Patterns and Kinematics of Chinese Mitten Crabs

Despite the many studies on eight-legged animals and the importance of their mechanics of terrestrial locomotion, the mechanical energy of crabs in voluntary locomotion on uneven, unpredictable terrain surfaces has received little attention thus far. In this paper, motion video images of Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis Milne-Edwards) locomotion on five types of terrains were recorded using a high-speed three-dimensional (3D) recording video system. The typical variables of locomotion such as gait patterns, duty factor, mechanical energy of the mass center, mass-specific rate of the total mechanical power of the mass center, and percentage recovery, were analyzed. Results show that the Chinese mitten crab uses random gaits instead of the alternating tetrapod gait with the increasing terrain roughness. The duty factors of the rows of the leading legs are greater for all terrains than those of the rows of the trailing legs. On smooth terrain, the duty factors of the rows of the trailing legs are greater than that on rough terrains. Kinematic measurements and calculations reveal that similar to mammals, birds, and arthropods, the Chinese mitten crab uses two fundamental gaits to save mechanical energy: the inverted pendulum gait and the bouncing gait. The bouncing gait is the main pattern of mechanical energy conservation. The low probability of injury and energy expenditure due to adaptations to various terrains induce the Chinese mitten crab to modify the mass-specific rate of the total mechanical power of the mass center. The statistical results of percentage recovery also reveal that the Chinese mitten crab has lower energy recovery efficiency over rough terrains compared with smooth terrains.     

反应介质对脂肪酶稳定性的影响

脂肪酶Ｌｉｐｏｚｙｍｅ~（ＩＭ）在有机溶剂中的热稳定性显著提高。在水溶液中,热处理温度高于５０℃后,其催化甘油三酯水解的活力迅速下降。温度升到６０℃时,水解活力仅残存１３．６％。温度高于７０℃该酶完全失活。而在有机溶剂正庚烷中,温度高达８５℃仍表现出较高的活性。反应介质的疏水性越强,酶抗超声辐射变性作用的能力越强。经同样的超声辐射处理后,正己烷中Ｌｉｐｏｚｙｍｅ~（ＩＭ）的酯水解活力仅损失ｌｌ．８％,而在水溶液中其活力却损失了９５．９％。