共轭亚油酸降血脂及抗动脉粥样硬化作用的研究

目的:探讨共轭亚油酸降血脂及抗动脉粥样硬化形成的作用机制。方法:选用大鼠随机分为正常对照组,高脂模型组,c9,t11CLA:t10,c12CLA=2:1、1:1、1:3、1:6,只含t10,c12CLA共7组。实验至第8周末取血,检测血清胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)和丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性。结果:与高脂模型组比较,共轭亚油酸组大鼠血清TC、TG、MDA含量明显降低,HDL、SOD含量明显提高(P<0.05)。结论:共轭亚油酸具有降低血脂和抗动脉粥样硬化的作用。     

共轭亚油酸的抗乳腺癌作用

共轭亚油酸 (ｃｏｎｊｕｇａｔｅｄｌｉｎｏｌｅｉｃａｃｉｄ,ＣＬＡ)是一组亚油酸的几何异构体和位置异构体的共轭二烯酸的统称。自 1 987年Ｈａ等[1] 首次从烤牛排中分离出ＣＬＡ并发现它们的抗癌活性以来 ,ＣＬＡ在食品、饲料、医药保健等方面的应用潜力受到越来越多的关注[2 ] 。1 .ＣＬＡ的化学背景ＣＬＡ是 9,1 1 和 1 0 ,1 2 ＣＬＡ八种几何异构体和位置异构体 (ｃ ,ｃ ;ｔ,ｔ ;ｃ,ｔ ;ｔ,ｃ)的统称。其基本结构式如下其中 9,1 1 ＣＬＡ在自然界中分布的丰度相对较高 ,而 1 0 ,1 2 ＣＬＡ则相对较低。在食品中 ,ＣＬＡ主要分布于…     

酶法生产共轭亚油酸的研究进展

共轭亚油酸(Conjugated linoleic acid,CLA)具有抗癌、抗动脉粥样硬化、减肥和免疫调节等生理活性。共轭亚油酸可以通过酶法异构化获得,将底物亚油酸异构形成具有生物活性物质-共轭亚油酸的异构酶称为亚油酸异构酶。因此,通过介绍亚油酸异构酶的来源、作用机制、酶学性质和基因工程菌生产等方面的研究进展,结合不断发展的基因工程技术,旨在提高亚油酸异构酶的活性、产量和异构化效率,以扩大反应底物范围,降低生产成本,从而推进共轭亚油酸的规模化、可持续性的工业生产。     

共轭亚油酸生理活性的作用机制

近年来共轭亚油酸的研究倍受关注,但其生理活性的作用机制还未得以充分阐明.从其所具备的各种生理活性的角度系统地综述了其可能的几种作用机制:作为抗氧化剂改变生物膜的结构,使其免受伤害;是致癌剂引发阶段的有效阻断剂;作用并激活过氧化物增生因子激活受体,从而调控基因的表达;影响某些细胞分裂素的合成和功能;影响生长激素的分泌;抑制恶性肿瘤细胞的增殖与黏附,恢复肿瘤细胞间的细胞间隙连接通讯功能;影响生物体内花生四烯酸和前列腺素的代谢.     

共轭亚油酸对高脂血症大鼠脂质代谢及visfatin基因表达水平的影响

目的建立高脂血症大鼠模型,分析共轭亚油酸（CLA）对其脂质代谢和visfatin基因表达水平的影响,为进一步研究CLA对脂肪代谢的调控机制奠定基础。方法用高脂饲料饲喂雄性Wistar大鼠,4周后断尾采血测定血清甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（CHO）和血糖（GLU）含量,将构建成功的高脂血症大鼠分为实验组和对照组,实验组每天定时灌胃CLA（0.8 mL/0.1 kg）,每周定时称重,记录采食量;4周后眼球采血,测定血清中GLU、CHO、TG、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）、高密度脂蛋白（HDL）水平;断颈处死大鼠,分离体脂并提取肝脏总RNA,半定量RT-PCR分析visfatin基因表达水平。结果高脂饲料饲喂4周后,模型组大鼠血清TG、CHO、GLU明显高于对照组大鼠（P〈0.05）,表明高脂大鼠模型构建成功。灌胃CLA 4周后,实验组大鼠体重、体脂和采食量低于对照组大鼠（P〈0.05）,血清中GLU、CHO、TG、LDL含量明显降低,但实验组HDL浓度升高。RT-PCR实验结果表明,实验组大鼠visfatin基因表达水平明显低于对照组大鼠（P〈0.05）。结论CLA能降低高脂血症大鼠摄食量,改善高血脂大鼠脂质代谢,并能降低visfatin基因的表达水平。     

曲霉菌油制备共轭亚油酸的研究

从南方红豆杉树皮形成层分离纯化得到一株产油曲霉E1.3,摇瓶发酵培养,索氏提取得曲霉油.采用气质联用分析脂肪酸成分,测得亚油酸含量最高达31.6%.本文首次以曲霉油作为原料,选用乙二醇单丁醚作为溶剂,KOH作催化剂,碱催化异构化法制备共轭亚油酸.通过紫外光谱跟踪反映进程,研究多种因素对亚油酸转化率的影响,对反应条件进行优化:温度140℃,反应周期3 h,强碱催化剂与原料质量比为0.2:1,原料与溶剂质量比为1:3.在此条件下,亚油酸的转化率达到86%.结果表明:曲霉油可以替代植物油作为碱催化异构化法制备共轭亚油酸的原料.     

反刍动物体内共轭亚油酸生物合成途径研究进展

共轭亚油酸是一组共轭双键具有不同位置和几何构象的亚油酸异构体,主要存在于反刍动物的肉及乳中。本文就其中2种具有重要生理功能的共轭亚油酸(c-9,t-11CLA和t-10,c-12CLA)的生物合成途径的研究进行综述,以期了解共轭亚油酸代谢途径及其调控路径,为今后利用合成生物学指导共轭亚油酸的合成奠定基础。     

共轭亚油酸诱导多种细胞凋亡

共轭亚油酸(Conjugated linoleic acid,CLA)是多种十八碳二烯酸异构体的统称,具有抗肿瘤,减少体脂沉积,抗氧化等多种生理作用;CLA能够通过诱导细胞凋亡实现其生理作用。针对CLA诱导的肿瘤细胞,脂肪细胞和内皮细胞等多种细胞的凋亡进行总结并加以分析,以期为相关研究提供帮助。     

共轭亚油酸生理功能及微生物合成调控研究进展

共轭亚油酸(conjugated linoleic acid,CLA)是一种新型功能性油脂,顺9,反11-十八碳二烯酸(c9,t11-CLA)和反10,顺12-十八碳二烯酸(t10,c12-CLA)由于具有比其他异构体更强的生理功能得到广泛关注和研究.微生物合成CLA具有安全性高、选择特异性强等特点,研究CLA产量提高...     

一株产共轭亚油酸乳酸菌的鉴定及其特性

从酸菜汁中分离筛选到一株产共轭亚油酸(CLA)能力较高的乳酸菌。经鉴定,确定为植物乳杆菌Lactobacliius plantarum。微氧条件可提高CLA的产量,催化亚油酸(LA)生成CLA的酶受着LA的诱导。37℃对细胞生长和CLA生成最为有利。对数生长期为6～12h,18h后进入稳定期。在14～22h,CLA生成量快速增加,24h时达到最高值。该菌的培养物经萃取、甲酯化后,进行了气相色谱分离,生成的CLA产物为c9/t9,c11-CLA和t10,c12-CLA异构体的混合物。     

侧脑室注射共轭亚油酸(CLA)对大鼠糖脂代谢的影响

观察侧脑室注射共轭亚油酸(Conjugated linoleic acid,CLA)对SD大鼠糖脂代谢的影响及其可能的机制。方法:向正常SD大鼠侧脑室内注射共轭亚油酸(CLA),分别于注射后2、4、8、12、24小时采血,试剂盒法测血糖、胰岛素、瘦素、血甘油三脂、血胆固醇、血高密度脂蛋白。48小时后处死,分离动物的脂肪(皮下、内脏、肾周、睾周)进行称重,计算体脂比。结果:与对照组相比,侧脑室注射CLA48小时后,大鼠脂体比、皮下脂肪、睾周脂肪均下降。术后2-12h血糖降低,血清胰岛素浓度也降低,而且持续的时间较长(48h)。侧脑室注射CLA对脂代谢有影响,2h时血清甘油三酯升高、胆固醇降低、4h时高密度脂蛋白升高。结论:共轭亚油酸能够通过中枢神经系统调节外周糖脂代谢,这可能与其能减轻体重的机制有关。     

Slow Absorption of Conjugated Linoleic Acid in Rat Intestines,and Similar Absorption Rates of 9c,11t-Conjugated Linoleic Acid and 10t,12c-Conjugated Linoleic Acid

We have previously shown that the 9c,11t-conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) concentration was always significantly higher than the 10t,12c-CLA concentration following the administration of these compounds to mice and rats, and considered that structural differences between the conjugated double bonds in these isomers affected absorption in the small intestine. This study investigates the absorption of CLA in the rat intestine by a lipid absorption assay of lymph from the thoracic duct. In Study 1, we used safflower oil and a triacylglycerol form of CLA (CLA-TG), while in Study 2, we used 9c,11t-CLA and 10t,12c-CLA. The cumulative recovery of CLA was lower than that of linoleic acid until two hours after sample administration. There was no difference in the extent of lymphatic recovery of 9c,11t-CLA and 10t,12c-CLA after the administration of CLA-TG, 9c,11t-CLA, and 10t,12c-CLA to the rats, suggesting that geometrical and positional isomerism of the conjugated double bonds did not influence the absorption.     

胶束电动色谱法分析奶中两种主要的共轭亚油酸异构体

以胶束电动色谱法对奶样中共轭亚油酸主要的两种异构体进行了分析。在优化条件下(80 mM pH9.0的磷酸盐缓冲液,54 mMSDS,4%(w/v)β-CD,8 M尿素,4%(v/v)乙醇作为运行缓冲液,分离电压25 kV,柱温20℃),胶束电动色谱可在15 min内对奶样中两种主要CLA,即9c,11t-CLA和10t,12c-CLA进行分离测定,最低检出限为0.081 ng/mL。分析结果显示,不同处理奶样中的CLA含量差异显著(P<0.001),但CLA的组成相近,其中的10t,12c-CLA含量差异不显著P=0.999,约为3%;不同品种奶样,如牛奶、水牛奶和羊奶中的CLA含量差异显著(P<0.001),其中CLA含量次序为牛奶>羊奶>水牛奶,并且不同品种奶的9c,11t-CLA与10t,12c-CLA比例差异显著(P<0.05)。     

Conjugated Linoleic Acid Does Not Improve Insulin Tolerance in Mice*

Objective: To determine if the addition or removal of dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) would alter insulin tolerances in mice from two genetic lines. Research Methods and Procedures: High metabolic rate (MH) and low metabolic rate (ML) mice were assigned to consume 1) a control diet ad libitum, 2) a control diet at a restricted intake, or 3) a diet containing 1% CLA ad libitum. After 9 weeks, an insulin tolerance test was conducted, and a portion of the mice were killed. All remaining mice consumed the control diet ad libitum. Insulin tolerance tests were conducted 11 and 32 days after the diet change, and mice were killed 3 days after each test. Body fatness, fat pad weights, and serum insulin concentrations of mice were determined at each time‐point. Two follow‐up experiments were also conducted. Results: Restricted mice had insulin sensitivities not different than control mice. CLA‐fed MH mice in experiment 1 were resistant (p < 0.001) to insulin on each day measured. CLA‐fed ML mice were slightly resistant (p = 0.08) to exogenous insulin on day 0 of recovery and not different from control mice on day 11 or 32. Glucose response to insulin in MH mice fed CLA in experiments 2 or 3 did not differ from control mice. Discussion: Mice fed CLA did not have improved insulin tolerances compared with control mice. In some cases, dietary CLA may cause insulin resistance. MH mice seem more sensitive to CLA than ML mice.     

Production of trans-10, cis-12 Conjugated Linoleic Acid in Rice

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has anti-carcinogenic and anti-atherosclerosis activity, and modulatory effects on the immune system and lipid metabolism. To produce a transgenic rice plant that can accumulate CLA, a linoleate isomerase gene that can convert linoleic acid to trans-10, cis-12 CLA was introduced and expressed under the control of seed-specific promoters from the oleosin and globulin genes. The fatty acid composition of the transgenic rice grain was analyzed by gas chromatography. Although there was no clear difference in the fatty acid composition between seeds from transformed versus untransformed plants, a peak of trans-10, cis-12 CLA methyl ester, which was not present in seeds from untransformed plants, was found in transformed plants. The trans-10, cis-12 CLA comprised an average of 1.3% (w/w) of the total fatty acids in seeds carrying the oleosin promoter in comparison to 0.01% (w/w) in seeds carrying the globulin promoter. In addition, approximately 70 and 28% of the total amount of the CLA isomer were present in the triacylglycerol and free fatty acid fractions, respectively. These results demonstrate the ability to produce fatty acid components of vegetable oils with novel physiological activities in crops.     

Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA), Body Fat,and Apoptosis*

Objective: The objective of the study was to determine if consumption of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) by mice could induce apoptosis in adipose tissue. Other objectives were to determine the influence of feeding mice CLA for ≤2 weeks on body fat, energy expenditure, and feed intake. Research Methods and Procedures: A mixture of CLA isomers (predominantly c9,t11 and t10,c12) was included in the AIN‐93G diet at 0, 1, and 2%, and fed to mice for 12 days (Trial 1), or was included at 2% and fed to mice for 0, 5, and 14 days (Trial 2). Feed intake was measured daily and energy expenditure was determined by direct calorimetry on day 9 in Trial 1. Retroperitoneal fat pads were analyzed for apoptosis by determination of DNA fragmentation. Results: Dietary CLA reduced feed intake by 10% to 12% (p < 0.01), but either did not influence or did not increase energy expenditure as indicated by heat loss. Body weight was not influenced by consumption of CLA in Trial 1 but was increased (p < 0.01) by CLA in Trial 2. Weights of retroperitoneal, epididymal, and brown adipose tissues were lower (p < 0.01) in animals fed CLA, although liver weight was increased (p < 0.10; Trial 1) or not changed (Trial 2). Analysis of retroperitoneal fat pad DNA from both trials indicated that apoptosis was increased (p < 0.01) by CLA consumption. Discussion: These results are interpreted to indicate that CLA consumption causes apoptosis in white adipose tissue. This effect occurs within 5 days of consuming a diet that contains CLA.