2D Layered Double Hydroxides for Oxygen Evolution Reaction: From Fundamental Design to Application

The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) has aroused extensive interest from materials scientists in the past decade by virtue of its great significance in the energy storage/conversion systems such as water splitting, rechargeable metal–air batteries, carbon dioxide (CO₂) reduction, and fuel cells. Among all the materials capable of catalyzing OER, layered double hydroxides (LDHs) stand out as one of the most effective electrocatalysts owing to their compositional and structural flexibility as well as the tenability and the simplicity of their preparation process. For this reason, numerous efforts have been dedicated to adjusting the structure, forming the well‐defined morphology, and developing the preparation methods of LDHs to promote their electrocatalytic performance. In this article, recent advances in the rational design of LDH‐based electrocatalysts toward OER are summarized. Specifically, various tactics for the synthetic methods, as well as structural and composition regulations of LDHs, are further highlighted, followed by a discussion on the influential factors for OER performance. Finally, the remaining challenges to investigate and improve the catalyzing ability of LDH electrocatalysts are stated to indicate possible future development of LDHs.     

层状双金属氢氧化物及其在药物传递系统中的应用研究现状

层状双金属氢氧化物作为一种新型无机纳米载体材料,具有独特优势,近年来其在各类药物传递系统中的应用已成为研究热点。介绍层状双金属氢氧化物的制备与修饰,分类综述其在不同药物传递系统中的应用研究。     

Proton Ion Exchange Reaction in Li3IrO4: A Way to New H3+xIrO4 Phases Electrochemically Active in Both Aqueous and Nonaqueous Electrolytes

Progress over the past decade in Li‐insertion compounds has led to a new class of Li‐rich layered oxide electrodes cumulating both cationic and anionic redox processes. Pertaining to this new class of materials are the Li/Na iridate phases, which present a rich crystal chemistry. This work reports on a new protonic iridate phase H_3+xIrO₄ having a layered structure obtained by room temperature acid‐leaching of Li₃IrO₄. This new phase shows reversible charge storage properties of 1.5 e^? per Ir atom with high rate capabilities in both nonaqueous (vs Li⁺/Li) and aqueous (vs capacitive carbon) media. It is demonstrated that Li‐insertion in carbonate LiPF₆‐based electrolyte occurs through a classical reduction process (Ir⁵⁺ ? Ir³⁺), which is accompanied by a well‐defined structural transition. In concentrated H₂SO₄ electrolyte, this work provides evidence that the overall capacity of 1.7 H⁺ per Ir results from two additive redox processes with the low potential one showing ohmic limitations. Altogether, the room temperature protonation approach, which can be generalized to various Li‐rich phases containing either 3d, 4d or 5d metals, offers great opportunities for the judicious design of attractive electrode materials.     

新疆沙雅县土地利用规划战略环境评价

随着全国性、地区性土地利用规划的制定与实施,探讨适合于土地利用总体规划环境影响评价的技术方法具有重要意义.采用战略环境评价理论,以生态系统服务价值为评价指标,对新疆沙雅县1996—2010年土地利用规划可能带来的生态环境影响进行了综合评价.结果表明：1996—2010年间,沙雅县生态系统服务价值从1996年的69.33×10⁸元增加到2010年的70.81×10⁸元,其年增长率为0.15%.规划期间,研究区土地利用变化导致的生态系统服务价值变化呈增加趋势,表明该规划基本合理,但需要加强对社会用地等方面的控制;该区生态价值的增长速率高于其GDP的增长速率,属于生态价值盈利地区,但该规划还存在一些不足,如未利用地（荒漠）面积的比例到2010年将达到83.95%,故应对此规划进行完善和修改,以提高土地利用的生态效益.