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1.
María Cuaresma Marcel Janssen Carlos Vílchez René H. Wijffels 《Biotechnology and bioengineering》2009,104(2):352-359
Maximal productivity of a 14 mm light‐path panel photobioreactor under high irradiance was determined. Under continuous illumination of 2,100 µmol photons m?2 s?1 with red light emitting diodes (LEDs) the effect of dilution rate on photobioreactor productivity was studied. The light intensity used in this work is similar to the maximal irradiance on a horizontal surface at latitudes lower than 37°. Chlorella sorokiniana, a fast‐growing green microalga, was used as a reference strain in this study. The dilution rate was varied from 0.06 to 0.26 h?1. The maximal productivity was reached at a dilution rate of 0.24 h?1, with a value of 7.7 g dw m?2 h?1 (m2 of illuminated photobioreactor surface) and a volumetric productivity of 0.5 g dw L?1 h?1. At this dilution rate the biomass concentration inside the reactor was 2.1 g L?1 and the photosynthetic efficiency was 1.0 g dw mol photons. This biomass yield on light energy is high but still lower than the theoretical maximal yield of 1.8 g mol photons?1 which must be related to photosaturation and thermal dissipation of absorbed light energy. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009; 104: 352–359 © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
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Qian Ma Jiangxin Wang Shuhuan Lu Yajin Lv Yingjin Yuan 《Biotechnology and bioengineering》2013,110(3):773-784
High density cultivation is essential to industrial production of biodiesel from microalgae, which involves in variations of micro‐environment around individual cells, including light intensity, nutrition distribution, other abiotic stress and so on. To figure out the main limit factor in high inoculum cultivation, a quantitative proteomic analysis (iTRAQ‐on‐line 2‐D nano‐LC/MS) in a non‐model green microalga, Chlorella sorokiniana, under different inoculum sizes was conducted. The resulting high‐quality proteomic dataset consisted of 695 proteins. Using a cutoff of P < 0.05, 241 unique proteins with differential expression levels were identified between control and different inoculum sizes. Functional analysis showed that proteins participating in photosynthesis (light reaction) and Calvin cycle (carbon reaction pathway) had highest expression levels under inoculum size of 1 × 106 cells mL?1, and lowest levels under 1 × 107 cells mL?1. Canonical correlation analysis of the photosynthesis related proteins and metabolites biomarkers showed that a good correlation existed between them (canonical coefficient was 0.987), suggesting photosynthesis process greatly affected microalgae biodiesel productivity and quality. Proteomic study of C. sorokiniana under different illuminations was also conducted to confirm light intensity as a potential limit factor of high inoculum size. Nearly two thirds of proteins showed up‐regulation under the illumination of 70–110 µmol m?2 s?1, compared to those of 40 µmol m?2 s?1. This result suggested that by elegantly adjusting light conditions, high cell density cultivation and high biodiesel production might be achieved. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013; 110: 773–784. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
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Santosh Sathe Mnica V. Orellana Nitin S. Baliga Pierre M. Durand 《Phycological Research》2019,67(3):173-183
Lipid accumulation due to nitrogen depletion has been studied extensively in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and the metabolic changes that lead to triacylglycerol biosynthesis have been of particular interest to researchers in the biodiesel industry. The induction of programmed cell death (PCD) in response to nitrogen starvation has also been documented in related chlorophytes. Here, we examined the temporal and metabolic overlap of lipid accumulation and PCD in response to nitrogen starvation in the important model organism C. reinhardtii. Nitrogen starvation induced physiological stress, measured by the progressive decline in chlorophyll a fluorescence, reduced photosynthetic efficiency and decreased growth. In keeping with previous reports, cells accumulated lipids reaching a peak after 2–3 days. At the same time, DNA nicking and caspase‐like protease activity was observed in a proportion of cells, and ultrastructural observations confirmed that death was via PCD. Our results demonstrate that DNA nicking and caspase‐like activity are observed during PCD in C. reinhardtii in response to nitrogen starvation, and that death occurs at the same time as lipid biosynthesis. Microalgal lipid production due to nitrogen depletion in C. reinhardtii is limited by the decrease in culture growth and knowing that the loss of culture density is, at least in part, due to PCD is important for the biotechnology industry. 相似文献
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Ian L.D. Olmstead David R.A. Hill Daniel A. Dias Nirupama S. Jayasinghe Damien L. Callahan Sandra E. Kentish Peter J. Scales Gregory J.O. Martin 《Biotechnology and bioengineering》2013,110(8):2096-2104
The lipid characteristics of microalgae are known to differ between species and change with growth conditions. This work provides a methodology for lipid characterization that enables selection of the optimal strain, cultivation conditions, and processing pathway for commercial biodiesel production from microalgae. Two different microalgal species, Nannochloropsis sp. and Chlorella sp., were cultivated under both nitrogen replete and nitrogen depleted conditions. Lipids were extracted and fractionated into three major classes and quantified gravimetrically. The fatty acid profile of each fraction was analyzed using GC–MS. The resulting quantitative lipid data for each of the cultures is discussed in the context of biodiesel and omega‐3 production. This approach illustrates how the growth conditions greatly affect the distribution of fatty acid present in the major lipid classes and therefore the suitability of the lipid extracts for biodiesel and other secondary products. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013; 110: 2096–2104. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
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不同氮源对蛋白核小球藻生长、色素和中性脂肪积累的影响 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
单细胞微藻在生长发育过程中,所积累的中性脂肪具有潜在的生物燃料价值。不同氮源对藻类的生长具有显著影响。研究了氨态氮、尿素氮和硝酸态氮对蛋白核小球藻生长、色素和中性脂肪积累的影响。结果显示,不同氮源对培养液pH有显著影响,以氨态氮为氮源导致培养液pH降低,而硝酸态氮导致培养液pH升高,培养液pH的波动可被添加的Hepes所稳定,并促进以氨态氮为氮源的蛋白核小球藻的生长。尿素氮对蛋白核小球藻生长、色素积累的效果优于氨态氮和硝酸态氮,硝酸态氮在中性脂肪积累上优于尿素氮和氨态氮,添加Hepes对氮饥饿后蛋白核小球藻的中性脂肪积累无显著影响。 相似文献
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Francisco Navarro Eduardo Forján María Vázquez Alberto Toimil Zaida Montero María del C. Ruiz‐Domínguez Inés Garbayo Miguel Á. Castaño Carlos Vílchez José M. Vega 《Phycological Research》2017,65(1):38-43
Extremophilic microalgae are unexplored as a source of pharmaceuticals despite the fact that its biomass can be produced at large scale with low risk of contamination. A significant amount of antimicrobial activity was produced by extracts obtained from the eukaryotic acidophilic microalgae Coccomyxa onubensis in non‐polar solvents, such as hexane, diethyl ether, and chloroform or in weakly polar solvents, such as dichloromethane, against Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive bacteria, and also the yeast Candida albicans. The most effective activity was shown by chloroform extract against Escherichia coli S, Salmonella enterica, and Proteus mirabilis; hexane extract against P. mirabilis, Sa. enterica, and Ca. albicans; dichloromethane extract against Sa. enterica or diethyl ether extract against E. coli S and the Gram‐positive Staphylococcus aureus MB. The lowest minimum inhibitory concentration values were recorded against E. coli S (305 μg mL ?1) and P. mirabilis (153 μg mL ?1) (using chloroform extract) and against P. mirabilis (106 μg mL?1) (using hexane extract). Fatty acids, but not carotenoids, seem to be involved in the antimicrobial activity of this microalga. However, further biochemical and biotechnological studies must be conducted in order to characterize and purify the bioactive principles from Co. onubensis for assessing its potential as a pharmaceutical source and feasibility of production. 相似文献
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【背景】小球藻由于蛋白含量高、营养丰富,在水产养殖上可直接作为鱼、虾、贝类的优质饵料。【目的】对从养殖环境中分离的小球藻进行诱变,选育生长快、蛋白含量高的突变株,为水产养殖天然饵料生产提供优良藻种资源。【方法】以从养殖环境中筛选的生长相对较快且蛋白含量较高的TX作为出发藻株,对该藻株进行分子鉴定,并对该藻株进行紫外诱变、甲基磺酸乙脂(ethyl methyl sulfonate,EMS)诱变和复合诱变,采用96孔板高通量筛选技术和递进式重复筛选方法选育高生物量、高蛋白突变株。【结果】经18SrRNA基因序列分析,TX鉴定为Chlorella sorokiniana,从540个可能的突变株中筛选到8个遗传稳定且生长较快的突变株,其中H10的总蛋白含量达64.2%,可溶性蛋白含量达0.44g/L,干重达0.72g/L,分别较出发藻株提高3.4%、15.8%和26.2%。【结论】突变株H10蛋白含量高且生长较快,可用于天然饵料生产。 相似文献
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Rubisco大亚基基因(rbcL)广泛用于系统学分析中,在本文中以Chlorella sorokiniana CS-01叶绿体基因组DNA为模板,PCR扩增rbcL全长编码区序列,序列分析表明:该片段全长1428 bp,其中包括1425 bp的编码区序列,编码475个氨基酸,经BLAST比对发现同源性最高的为Chlorella sp.IFRPD 1018,同源性达到99.2%。同时构建系统发育树,结果显示Chlorellasorokiniana CS-01与Chlorella sp.IFRPD 1018在同一分支中。18S rDNA序列分析表明:该片段全长1740 bp,经BLAST比对发现同源性最高的为Chlorella sorokiniana,同源性达到99.7%,构建系统发育树显示Chlorella sorokiniana CS-01与两株Chlorellasorokiniana在同一分支中,支持率达到100%。但是18S rDNA序列构建的系统发育树鉴定的主要分支很少,即使鉴定出分支,该分支的支持率也比较弱,而rbcL基因序列构建的系统发育树则分支清晰且支持率较高。可见18S rDNA序列比rbcL... 相似文献
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Heavy-metal-induced proline accumulation and its role in ameliorating metal toxicity in Chlorella vulgaris 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Exposure of Chlorella vulgaris to elevated concentrations of copper, chromium, nickel and zinc led to intracellular accumulation of high concentrations of these metals. Concomitantly, accumulation of free proline occurred, depending on the concentration of metals in the external medium or in the cell. The greater the toxicity or accumulation of a metal, the greater the amount of intracellular proline in algal cells. However, higher concentrations of copper and chromium were inhibitory to proline accumulation by the test organism. The accumulation of proline was triggered within a few hours of metal treatment. Test metals also induced lipid peroxidation; copper was the most efficient inducer whereas zinc was the least. Pretreatment of C. vulgaris with proline counteracted metal-induced lipid peroxidation and potassium ion efflux. Thus the present work shows a protective effect of proline on metal toxicity through inhibition of lipid peroxidation. 相似文献
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Alam Md. Asraful WAN Chun ZHANG Xiao-yue GUO Suo-lian ZHAO Xin-qing BAI Feng-wu 《微生物学杂志》2014,(6):49-54
微藻是可广泛用于健康食品及水产养殖的饵料,同时,微藻细胞内积累的油脂可作为可再生生物燃料,因此微藻的生长和代谢受到广泛关注。温度和pH对微藻的生物量积累有很大影响,考察不同温度和pH条件下微藻细胞的生长有助于寻找最佳的条件进行微藻的培养。自絮凝小球藻JSC-7(Chlorella vulgaris JSC-7)可实现自沉降采收,有利于降低微藻生产成本,优化其生长条件对更好地利用该微藻具有重要意义。考察了温度(22∽40℃)及pH(6.0∽10.0)对其细胞生长、叶绿素含量和油脂产量的影响。在所选取的温度及pH范围内,JSC-7细胞均可生长,显示该藻种可以适应广泛的温度和pH条件。适合细胞生长的温度依次为31℃〉28℃〉35℃〉25℃,pH依次为7.0〉8.0〉6.0。pH 8.0时生物量和油脂的积累量最多,说明该藻株在弱碱条件下更适合生长和产油。当温度为31℃、pH为7.0时,可获得最高的生长量(OD690=0.941)、叶绿素含量(19 mg/L)及油脂产量(39.07%/克干重)。 相似文献
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【目的】为了构建和改造产油微藻(Chloralla sorokiniana),需要从基因组水平解析脂肪酸、三酰甘油、淀粉等生物大分子的合成和降解途径,并分析和确定其中的重要基因。【方法】本研究选取了初始氮浓度分别为KNO3∶8g/L和KNO3∶2 g/L的培养条件培养微藻C.sorokiniana,培养至84h收集藻细胞进行Illumina Hiseq2000双端测序,利用Trinity进行de novo拼接,得到的转录本通过Nr数据库、UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot数据库、COG数据库进行功能注释及分类,通过KEGG数据库进行相关代谢途径注释。最后利用RSEM计算每个转录本的RPKM值,并对相关代谢途径中的转录本的表达差异进行了初步分析。【结果】Illumina Hiseq2000双端测序共获得49M 100 bp的raw reads,de novo拼接得到49885个转录本,其长度范围在300bp到14100bp之间,N50为1941 bp。其中26479个转录本成功注释到功能,2357个转录本注释到了EC编号,利用这些转录本注释到207条代谢途径。在此基础上构建了C.sorokiniana的脂肪酸、三酰甘油、淀粉等生物大分子的合成及降解途径。并初步确定了代谢途径中基因的上调及下调水平。【结论】通过RNA-seq分析实现了对非模式藻株C.sorokiniana的基因组解析,在此基础上构建了脂肪酸、三酰甘油、淀粉的生物合成和降解途径及重要基因,所构建的代谢途径与模式藻株莱氏衣藻是一致的,并比较了相关途径中的基因的表达差异,这些信息有助于将来对微藻进行遗传改造提高其产油能力。 相似文献
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ELIZABETH S. SWANSON MARIA TOIVIO-KINNUCAN† ROBERT HEATH‡ WILLIAM P. CUNNINGHAM 《Plant, cell & environment》1982,5(5):375-383
Abstract. Modifications in plasma membrane structure and permeability were observed in Chlorella sorokiniana following exposure to 0.2 gm−3 (140 p.p.m.) O3 for 30 min. Sixty-eight per cent of the cells were plasmolysed after 15 min O3 exposure with disruption of organelles similar to that previously described in higher plants. Freeze-fracture exposed large areas of plasma membrane in 90% of the control cells and those exposed to O3 for short periods. After 20 min O3 90% of the cells cross-fracture, which indicates a change in molecular interactions in the membrane exposed to O3 The earliest observed ultraslructural alteration is an aggregation of particles on the plasma membrane P face, statistically significant after 10 min O3 Changes in 86 Rb influx occur during a similar time. After more extended exposure to O3 the plasma membrane P face shows regions of lipid phase transition to the crystalline state. 相似文献
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旨在研究小球藻利用无机碳自养产油脂,考察了3种无机碳源 (Na2CO3、NaHCO3和CO2) 及其初始浓度对小球藻产油特性的影响。结果表明,小球藻能利用Na2CO3、NaHCO3和CO2产油;经Na2CO3、NaHCO3和CO2培养10 d后,随着每种无机碳源浓度的增加,小球藻产量均先增加后减少。小球藻经3种无机碳源培养后,其培养液pH值上升。最适宜的Na2CO3和NaHCO3添加量均为40 mmol/L,其生物量分别达到0.52 g/L和0.67 g/L,产油量分别达到0.19 g/L和0.22 g/L。在3种无机碳源中,CO2是最佳无机碳源,当CO2浓度为6%时,小球藻生长最快,生物量达2.42 g/L,产油量最高达0.72 g/L;当CO2浓度过低时,无机碳供应不足,油脂产量低;当CO2浓度过高时,培养液pH偏低,小球藻油脂积累受到抑制。Na2CO3和NaHCO3较CO2更有利于小球藻积累不饱和脂肪酸。 相似文献
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本文采用通气培养的方法研究了N、P、Fe3 、盐度、光照强度、温度对小球藻(Chlorella sp. XQ-200419)生长速率、生物量和油脂产量的影响。主要结果如下:N浓度对小球藻的生长和油脂产量均有显著的影响,在KNO3浓度0.05—0.3g/L范围内,小球藻生长速率随N浓度的增加而提高,并积累更多的生物量,而油脂含量随之递减,KNO3浓度为0.3g/L时,油脂产量最高。小球藻对P浓度变化的适应范围很大,K2HPO4浓度在10—160mg/L范围内,对小球藻的生长和油脂产量都没有显著影响。在小球藻培养后期补加不同浓度Fe3 对其生长速率没有显著影响,总脂含量随着Fe3 浓度升高呈现上升的趋势,均比对照有极显著提高,Fe3 浓度为0.75mmol/L时油脂产量最高。盐度对小球藻的生长有一定的抑制作用;油脂含量先随着盐度的增大而提高,当NaCl浓度达到0.6mol/L, 油脂含量又显著降低;油脂含量和油脂产量均在盐度为0.2mol/L时最高。光照强度对处于生长后期的小球藻的生长影响不大,但影响其油脂积累,小球藻的油脂含量和产量随光照强度的增大而显著提高,当光照强度增至280μmolm-2s-1时,油脂含量和油脂产量最高。温度对小球藻的生长速率、生物量、油脂含量和油脂产量都有显著的影响,在15-40℃范围内,随着培养温度的升高,生长速率、生物量、油脂含量和油脂产量都经历了一个先上升然后下降的过程,适合小球藻生长、积累油脂的温度范围是20-35℃,30-35℃时油脂产量最高,40℃时生物量、油脂含量和产量都最低。理化因子对生长和油脂含量的影响分为两种情况:1. 温度、光强、铁浓度和盐度的影响表现为在适宜生长的条件下提高油脂含量,这种模式可以称为“适宜模式”;2. 氮浓度的影响表现为在不利于生长的条件下提高油脂含量,这种模式可以称为“胁迫模式”。两种模式都可以提高油脂含量,但是,只有适宜模式才可以提高油脂产量。在筛选小球藻优良产油藻种时要注意,只有在适宜的培养条件下油脂含量高的藻种才具有高产油潜力。 相似文献
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Haiying Tang Meng Chen M.E.D. Garcia Nadia Abunasser K.Y. Simon Ng Steven O. Salley 《Biotechnology and bioengineering》2011,108(10):2280-2287
Microalgae are among the most promising of non‐food based biomass fuel feedstock alternatives. Algal biofuels production is challenged by limited oil content, growth rate, and economical cultivation. To develop the optimum cultivation conditions for increasing biofuels feedstock production, the effect of light source, light intensity, photoperiod, and nitrogen starvation on the growth rate, cell density, and lipid content of Chlorella minutissima were studied. The fatty acid content and composition of Chlorella minutissima were also investigated under the above conditions. Fluorescent lights were more effective than red or white light‐emitting diodes for algal growth. Increasing light intensity resulted in more rapid algal growth, while increasing the period of light also significantly increased biomass productivity. Our results showed that the lipid and triacylglycerol content were increased under N starvation conditions. Thus, a two‐phase strategy with an initial nutrient‐sufficient reactor followed by a nutrient deprivation strategy could likely balance the desire for rapid and high biomass generation (124 mg/L) with a high oil content (50%) of Chlorella minutissima to maximize the total amount of oil produced for biodiesel production. Moreover, methyl palmitate (C16:0), methyl oleate (C18:1), methyl linoleate (C18:2), and methyl linolenate (C18:3) are the major components of Chlorella minutissima derived FAME, and choice of light source, intensity, and N starvation impacted the FAME composition of Chlorella minutissima. The optimized cultivation conditions resulted in higher growth rate, cell density, and oil content, making Chlorella minutissima a potentially suitable organism for biodiesel feedstock production. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2011;108: 2280–2287. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
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Veronica Malavasi Cristina Costelli Massimiliano Orsini Roberto Cusano Giacomo Cao 《欧洲藻类学杂志》2017,52(3):320-329
The chloroplast genome contains information that is applicable in many scientific fields, such as plant systematics, phylogenetic reconstruction and biotechnology, because its features are highly conserved among species. To date, several complete green algal chloroplast genomes have been sequenced and assembled. In this study, the nucleotide sequence of the chloroplast genome (cpDNA) of Chlorella sorokiniana SAG 211-8k is reported and compared for the first time to the chloroplast genomes of 10 Chlorellaceae. The recently updated Chlorella sorokiniana cpDNA sequence, assembled as a circular map of 109?811 bp, encodes 113 genes. Similar to other Chlorella strains, this chloroplast genome does not show a quadripartite structure and lacks the large rRNA operon-encoding Inverted Repeat (IR). The Chlorella sorokiniana plastid encodes the tRNA(Ile)-lysidine synthetase (tilS), which is responsible for modifying the CAU anticodon of a unique tRNA. Gene ordering and clustering highlight the close relationships among Chlorella clade members and the preservation of crucial gene clusters in photosynthetic strains. The features of Chlorella sorokiniana presented here reinforce the monophyletic character of Chlorellaceae and provide important information that sheds light on chloroplast genome evolution among species of Chlorella. 相似文献
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Chlorella sorokiniana has seven ammonium-inducible, chloroplastic NADP-specific glutamate dehydrogenase (NADP-GDH) isozymes composed of varying ratios of - and -subunits. Southern blot and allele-specific PCR analyses indicate that the C. sorokiniana genome possesses a single 7178 bp nuclear NADP-GDH gene. cDNA cloning and sequencing, 5-RACE-PCR analysis, and RNase protection analysis identified two NADP-GDH mRNAs that are identical with the exception of a 42 nt sequence located within the 5-coding region of the longer mRNA. The 42 nt sequence, termed an auxon because it serves as an exon or intron, appears to undergo alternative splicing from the precursor mRNA by a process that is regulated by both nutritional and environmental signals. Depending upon whether the auxon is included or excluded in a mature mRNA, the gene can be considered to consist of 22 or 23 exons, respectively. The 2074 and 2116 nt mRNAs encode precursor proteins of 56350 and 57850 Da, respectively. The N-termini of the purified mature - and -subunits were sequenced, identifying full-length subunits of 53501 and 52342 Da, respectively. The sequences of the subunits are identical except for an 11 amino acid extension at the N-terminus of the -subunit. The -subunit has an additional -helical domain at its N-terminus compared with the -subunit. By correlating the abundances of the two mRNAs with the levels (and relative turnover rates) of the - and -subunit antigens during induction in Chlorella, the larger mRNA is proposed to encode the larger subunit. 相似文献