四川洪雅花溪地区传疟媒介调查初步报告

花溪地区在四川西南部,纬度30°,;经度103.5°,为成都盆地的边缘,拔海520米。1957年平均温度16.13℃,年最高温度37℃,最低温度-2℃,相对湿度82.7％,年降雨量1,377.74立方毫米。三面高山围绕而形成一个不大的盆地,系高度疟疾流行区。该地田塘交错,适宜中华按蚊(A.hyrcanus sinensis)大量孳生。中华按蚊在冬蛰期间一直未停止吸血活动。     

广州地区中华按蚊生理年龄的组成

中华按蚊是我国平原地区的传疟媒介,研究中华按蚊的生态学,对于疟疾的流行病学及预防均具有重要的意义。生理年龄及生殖营养环的研究,不但可以进一步认识中华按蚊在自然界的一些生态学问题,更重要的是有助于分析其传疟的作用,作为防制的依据。     

福州市中华按蚊及致乏库蚊一年生态观察研究

中华按蚊是我国疟疾和马来丝虫的传播媒介,其分布地区甚广,国内学者对此蚊研究较多。较早的有姚永政(1934)和李赋京(1934)及其同工者分别于南京与杭州对中华按蚊助生活习性特别是产卵与季节消长间题的报告。其次有胡梅基(1936)等于上海和林樑城等(1936—1937)于南京对该蚊活动时间与食血习性的研究。此后吴亮如     

嗜人按蚊和中华按蚊不同发育阶段蛋白质和酯酶同工酶的比较研究

嗜人按蚊 Anopheles anthropophagus 和中华按蚊 Anopheles sinensis 是赫坎按蚊类群的两个主要成员,是我国疟疾和丝虫病的重要传播媒介。为进一步给我国赫坎按蚊类群的系统关系研究提供生物化学证据,亦为两蚊种发育生化及其毒理学研究提供参考,本文采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶等电点聚焦(IEF)电泳法,比较分析了嗜人按蚊和中华按蚊不同发育阶段蛋白质和酯酶同工酶,现将结果报告如下。     

震泽地区中华按蚊不同种型对丝虫感染的研究

中华按蚊(Anopheles sinensis=A.hyrcanus sinensis)为我国分布广泛危害性很大的重要病媒蚊种,在我国很多地区对丝虫病和疟疾具有不同程度的传染作用。由于中华按蚊不是一个单纯的蚊种而是包含有若干个不同种型的复合体,这在国外有Baisas(1936)在菲律宾、Reid(1953)在马来亚、Otsuru(1960)在日本等国家,国内有冯兰洲(1958)、张本华(1960)、何琦(1962)等在不同地区均予证实。中华按蚊在一个地区以种团方式存     

郑州中华按蚊唾腺染色体图型

中华按蚊是我国疟疾和丝虫病的主要媒介之一。近年来对中华按蚊的生态习性等研究,证明我国各地的中华按蚊存在着差异。是否中华按蚊为一个种团(也即复合体)?这个问题值得研究。目前,国外对蚊虫种团的研究已取得显著进展。1978年世界卫生组织疟疾现场应用研究科学工作组第一次会议报告,已确定了蚊虫种团有冈比亚按蚊种团、点体按蚊种团、催命按蚊种团等,可能为种团的有乌头按蚊、库态按蚊、萨氏按蚊、斯     

浙江临海地区中华按蚊自然感染马来丝虫及其生物气候学的研究

本文主要内容有以下二个部分: 一、中华按蚊自然感染马来丝虫的情况; 二、中华按蚊的生物气候学。 浙江临海涌泉公社为较低度的马来丝虫流行区, 流行率为25%。当地人帐内白昼捕捉中华按蚊的类型比例大型为小型的20倍。蚊虫的马来丝虫自然感染率大型中华按蚁为12.9%, 小型中华按蚊为76%。有感染期幼虫的蚊数, 大型中华按蚊为阳性蚊数的2.5%, 小型为7.8%。 当地中华按蚊在冬季以成蚊存在为主。雌蚊在冬季仍不断吸血, 卵巢也在发育。生殖营养失调和协调的雌蚊均有发现, 但以协调者为多。全年幼虫高峰在5月中旬, 成蚊高峰在5月下旬。     

大型中华按蚊室内自然交配传代试验初步报告

中华按蚊是我国疟疾和丝虫病的主要媒介之一,为了对其抗药性及种型与疾病关系等研究创造条件,我们于1964年7-9月在室内对大型中华按蚊(Ano-pheles sinensis)进行了自然交配传代试验。 材料及方法 1.实验室为一间砖墙、水泥地面的房屋。向北有     

三种杀虫剂对中华按蚊的毒效观察

中华按蚊是我国按蚊的优势蚊种,是我省疟疾和马来丝虫病的主要传播媒介。为了观察近几年来DDT、马拉硫磷和杀螟硫磷对中华按蚊的毒效作用,我室于1996年在独山、荔波两县进行了3种杀虫剂对中华按蚊的毒效测定,为今后我省合理使用杀虫剂提供科学依据。1材料和方法1．1杀虫剂为     

福建闽侯、长乐地区中华按蚊种型与两种丝虫关系的研究

中华按蚊在福建省分布普遍,已证实系马来丝虫的传播媒介。我们前农(1959)肯定了该省中华按蚊不是纯一种。马来丝虫病山区至少存在有宽卵型与窄卵型的两种中华按蚊,后者丝虫自然感染率与感染度均较前者为高;班氏丝虫病平原区则仅有宽卵型一种,且尚未见有丝虫感染。初步认为本省马来丝虫病主要流行于山区,而不在平原传播的原因,除感染源外和该地区中华按蚊的种型及其生态不同有关。同时发现两地区(宽卵型)中华按蚊的产卵数和卵的船面宽度有些差别,因此对不同丝虫病区内的宽卵型中华按蚊是否系一纯种存在怀疑。至于窄卵型中华按蚊是否即为我国     

Metabolism of monofluorobenzoates by Acinetobacter calcoaceticus N.C.I.B. 8250. Formation of monofluorocatechols.

None of the monofluorobenzoates serves as sole source of carbon and energy for growth of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus but all can contribute to growth on other substrates. The monofluorobenzoates are oxidised by bacteria pre-induced for benzoate oxidation and can themselves induce the appropriate enzymes. The initial products of oxidation have been separated and identified by gas-liquid chromatography. 2-Flurobenzoate is oxidised to catechol, fluoride and 3-fluorocatechol; 3-fluorobenzoate gives 3- and 4-fluorocatechol; 4-fluorobenzoate gives 4-fluorocatechol. The fluorocatechols appear to be partially oxidised beyond the stage of 3-oxoadipate by suitably pre-induced bacteria.     

C.P.-D.D.-M.A.S. 13C-N.M.R. investigations of anhydrous and hydrated cyclomalto-oligosaccharides: The role of water of hydration

Hydrated and anhydrous cyclomaltohexaose, cyclomaltoheptaose, and cyclomalto-octaose (cyclodextrins) have been investigated by the c.p.-d.d.-m.a.s. ¹³C-n.m.r. technique. The chemical shifts of the signals of C-1 and C-6 provide information about conformation and the results agree fairly well with the earlier scattering data on hydrated systems, but some discrepancies have been found for cyclomaltohexaose. Th conformation of the macro-rings seems to be determined by the hydration water. The unique role of water in forming crystals of cyclomalto-oligosaccharides is demonstrated.     

13C-n.m.r. study of C hordein.

Insoluble xylan was prepared from ground birch (Betula pubescens) pulp by alkali extraction and precipitation with ethanol. The only sugar detected after acid hydrolysis of the preparation was xylose. The insoluble xylan was used as substrate in a nephelometric assay to determine the xylanase (EC 3.2.1.8, 1,4-beta-D-xylan xylanohydrolase and EC 3.2.1.37, 1,4-beta-D-xylan xylohydrolase) activities of Aspergillus and Trichoderma enzymes. The nephelometric method is reliable in evaluating xylanase hydrolysis of insoluble xylan.     

Studies of polysaccharide fractions from the lipopolysaccharide of Pseudomonas aeruginosa N.C.T.C. 1999.

Two polymeric water-soluble fractions were isolated by gel filtration after mild acid hydrolysis of the lipopolysaccharide from Pseudomonas aeruginosa N.C.T.C. 1999. The fraction of higher molecular weight retained the O-antigenic specificity of the lipopolysaccharide and may be 'side-chain' material. This fraction was rich in N (about 10%) and gave several basic amino compounds on acid hydrolysis; fucosamine (at least 2.8% w/w) was the only specifc component identified. The fraction of lower molecular weight was a phosphorylated polysaccharide apparently corresponding to 'core' material. The major components of this fraction and their approximate molar proportions were: glucose (3-4); rhamnose (1); heptose (2); 3-deoxy-2-octulonic acid (1); galactosamine (1); alanine (1-1.5); phosphorus (6-7). In the intact lipopolysaccharide this fraction was probably linked to lipid A via a second residue of 3-deoxy-2-octulonic acid, and probably also contained additional phosphate residues and ethanolamine. The residues of 3-deoxy-2-octulonic acid were apparently substituted in the C-4 or C-5 position, and the phosphorylated heptose residues in the C-3 position. The rhamnose was mainly 2-substituted, though a little 3-substitution was detected. The glucose residues were either unsubstituted or 6-substituted. Four neutral oligosaccharides were produced by partial acid hydrolysis and were characterized by chemical, enzymic, chromatographic and mass-spectrometric methods of analysis. The structures assigned were: Glcpalpha1-6Glc; Glcpbeta1-2Rha; Rhapalpha1-6Glc; Glcpbeta1-2Rhapalpha1-6Glc. The galactosamine was substituted in the C-3 or C-4 position, the attachment of alanine was indicated, and evidence that the amino sugar linked the glucose-rhamnose region to the 'inner core' was obtained.     

E.s.r. of spin-trapped radicals in aqueous solutions of peptides. Reactions of the hydroxyl radical.

The reactions of hydroxyl radicals with 30 dipeptides and several larger peptides were studied in aqueous solutions. The OH radicals were generated by U.V. photolysis of H2O2. The short-lived peptide radicals were spin-trapped using t-nitrosobutane and identified by e.s.r. For dipeptides containing the amino terminal residues glycine, alanine and phenylalanine, abstraction of the hydrogen from the carbon adjacent to the peptide nitrogen was the major process leading to the spin-adducts. Such radicals will be referred to as backbone radicals. Dipeptides with a carbonyl terminal serine residue and also glycylglutamic acid form both backbone and side-chain radicals, with the latter being formed in larger quantities. For dipeptides, side-chain radicals were detected on either the carboxyl or amino terminal residues of both. The effect of pD on the e.s.r. sectrum of the spin-adducts of glycylglycine was studied and the pK of the carboxyl group of this radical was determined to be 2.5. For (Ala)3 and (Ala)n, with an average value of n = 1800, backbone and minor side-chain radicals were observed. For ribonucleases-S-peptide, containing 20 amino acid residues, both backbone and side-chain radicals were detected.     

Proton N.M.R. study of the conformational dynamics of porcine pancreatic colipase. Titration of aromatic residues.

The low-field portion of the 360 MHz proton N.M.R. spectrum of native porcine pancreatic colipase has been studied as a function of pH over the pH range 2-12. Resonances associated with the 26 protons of the aromatic rings of the two histidines, two phenylalanines and three tyrosines have been identified and tentatively assigned to specific residues. Titrations of pH yielded apparent pKa's of 7.9, 6.9, 10.4, 10.3 and 11.3 for His I (His 30), His II (His 86), Tyr I (Tyr 56 or 57), Tyr II (Tyr 56 or 57) and Tyr III (Tyr 53) respectively (tentative assignments). The high pKa value of His 30 is attributed to the vicinity of Asp 31. The mobility of the aromatic ring of Tyr 53 is hindered and an upper bound of 500 s-1 on the rate of rotation can be estimated. The aromatic rings of the 2 other tyrosine residues and of the 2 phenylalanine residues can rotate freely on the N.M.R. time scale. The study of perturbations in titration profiles and chemical shift values reveals a specific interaction of His 86 with Tyr I and, to a lesser extent, Tyr II. The existence of this interaction indicates that the protein folding brings in close spatial vicinity two distant regions of the covalent structure to form a "hydrophobic-aromatic" site which might be involved in the binding of bile salt micelles to pancreatic colipase.     

Aspects of audit. 1. The background.

Methods of reviewing health care already exist in Britain, but the debate continues about how practical and acceptable such a review is. The many different terms used to describe review only confuse the issue. "Audit" is a useful term for describing the review of medical work by medical people. This can be divided into "internal audit," or peer review, and "external audit"--that is, review by organisations outside hospital and general practice. The concepts of internal and external audit have a great impact upon the attitudes held by the medical profession about audit. The shortcomings of audit by the professional standards review organisations in the United States are not inevitable in Britian.     

The glycolipids of Lactobacillus casei A.T.C.C. 7469

1. The lipids were extracted from Lactobacillus casei A.T.C.C. 7469 with chloroform-methanol mixtures. The glycolipids were obtained by chromatography on silicic acid and DEAE-cellulose (acetate form). 2. Hydrolysis of the glycolipids with alkali gave two glycerol glycosides and a mixture of fatty acids. 3. The glycosides were separated and their structures elucidated. The major component was O-alpha-d-galactopyranosyl-(1-->2)-O-alpha-d-glucopyranosyl-(1-->1)-glycerol and the minor component O-alpha-d-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-O-alpha-d-galactopyranosyl-(1-->2)-O-alpha-d-glucopyranosyl-(1-->1)-glycerol. 4. Analysis of the fatty acids by gas-liquid chromatography showed that they were predominantly palmitic acid, octadecenoic acid and lactobacillic acid.     

版纳省藤的组织培养

以版纳省藤的萌蘖芽为试材,从取材、材料的处理、外植体的诱导分化、芽的增殖、生根以及影响试管苗形成几个重要因素等方面探讨了版纳省藤组织培养和快速繁殖的技术和方法,获得了生长素与细胞分裂素对芽的诱导分化及芽的增殖最佳配比浓度。以改良MS为基本培养基,在增殖培养基中添加0.5mg·L-1NAA、0.5mg·L-1KT和0.1mg·L-1BA,产生的有效苗最多;在生根培养基中添加1.5～2.0mg·L-1IBA生长素有利于版纳省藤组培苗生根。     

13C-n.m.r. analysis of some sulphate derivatives of chitosan.

Positions of substitution with sulphate in three water-soluble sulphated derivatives of chitosan were analysed by 13C n.m.r. The structures of N-acetylchitosan 3,6-O-disulphate, sodium chitosan N-, 6-O-disulphate, and sodium chitosan 6-O-monosulphate were confirmed.