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1.
Structural feature of sorghum chloroplastpsbA gene and regulation effects of its 5′-noncoding region
Naihu Wu Xiaohua Fang Xiaomei Shi Xiaowu Zhang Li Zhou Meijuan Huang 《中国科学C辑(英文版)》1999,42(4):383-394
Comparative analysis reveals remarkahle homology between the sequences of bothpsbA gene nucleotides and the inferred amino acids of sorghum, a C4 plant, and those of rice, a C3 plant. The 5′-noncoding region of sorghumpsbA gene contains the conservative promoter elements, “—35” element and “—10” element, like the prokaryote and the promoter element, TATA box, like the eukaryote. As compared with that of the rice, an extra sequence of 7 bp is found in the leader sequence of the mRNA in the former. Using anin vitro system, it has been demonstrated that protein factor exists in sorghum chloroplast protein extract which specifically hinds to the 5′-noncoding region ofpsbA gene. Measurement of the expression of luciferase shows a 2–5 time greater reaction of the expression plasmids pALqs which contain leader region of sorghumpsbA gene than that of the expression plasmids pALqr which contain leader region of ricepsbA gene inE. coli. 相似文献
2.
WU Naihu FANG Xiaohua SHI Xiaomei ZHANG Xiaowu ZHOU Li HUANG Meijuan 《中国科学:生命科学英文版》1999,42(4):383-394
Comparative analysis reveals remarkahle homology between the sequences of bothpsbA gene nucleotides and the inferred amino acids of sorghum, a C4 plant, and those of rice, a C3 plant. The 5′-noncoding region of sorghumpsbA gene contains the conservative promoter elements, “—35” element and “—10” element, like the prokaryote and the promoter element,
TATA box, like the eukaryote. As compared with that of the rice, an extra sequence of 7 bp is found in the leader sequence
of the mRNA in the former. Using anin vitro system, it has been demonstrated that protein factor exists in sorghum chloroplast protein extract which specifically hinds
to the 5′-noncoding region ofpsbA gene. Measurement of the expression of luciferase shows a 2–5 time greater reaction of the expression plasmids pALqs which
contain leader region of sorghumpsbA gene than that of the expression plasmids pALqr which contain leader region of ricepsbA gene inE. coli.
Project supported by the Chinese National “863” and “973” Projects 相似文献
3.
4.
Noriaki Murakami Yoshiyuki Tanaka Kunio Takishima Yuzo Minobe Makoto Matsuoka Sei-Ichiro Kiyota Shin-ichi Hatanaka Katsuhiro Sakano 《Journal of plant research》1990,103(4):419-434
We isolated the small subunit of ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO SSu) from a fern,Asplenium cataractarum and determined its 34 N-terminal amino acid sequence. We obtained a cDNA clone that contains the entire coding region of
the SSu from the same fern species, using synthetic oligonucleotide probes derived from the above amino acid sequence. It
contains a 525 bp open reading frame capable of coding for a polypeptide with 174 amino acids, 31 bp 5′-and 206 bp 3′-noncoding
regions. It was also elucidated that the precursor to the SSu contains a transit peptide of 53 amino acid residues and a mature
protein of 121 residues. We compared the deduced amino acid sequence of the fern SSu with those of 11 other vascular plant
species (including gymnosperms, monocots and dicots). As low as 55% homology was observed between those of a fern and seed
plants. Constancy of the amino acid substitution rate in RuBisCO SSu was supported by our relative rate test. Amino acid substitution
rate per year per site for RuBisCO SSu was calculated to be 0.81×10−9 assuming that the separation between pteridophytes and seed plants arose 380 million years ago. 相似文献
5.
The sequences of the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of the manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) genes in wheat (Triticum aestivum) were found to be quite variable with different predicted thermostabilities. The degradation rates of the 3′ UTR variants
and the coding region were measured following exposure to endogenous nucleases. The degradation rates of the 3′ UTR variants
for 15 min were not significantly different, meaning the degradation rates of the 3′ UTR variants were not directly related
to the thermostabilities. However, the degradation rate of the coding region was significantly faster than those of the 3’
UTR variants. Further investigation revealed the coding region seemed to have specific sites for degradation, indicating a
possibility of increasing MnSOD expression by the degradation site alteration. 相似文献
6.
Genomic sequence of the ATP-dependent phosphoeno/pyruvate carboxykinase (CsPCK) gene has been determined first from cucumber. Several putative clones were isolated in three rounds of genomic library screening
with designated cDNA probes. These clones were analyzed via restriction digests, Southern hybridization, and nucleotide sequencing
to ascertain the structure of theCsPCK gene. Analysis of a selected positive clone (λcscpk-4A) demonstrated that this gene consists of 13 exons and 12 introns,
spanning 9 kb in the cucumber genome. Exon 1 contains only 23 nucleotides of the 5′-noncoding region of cucumberPCK cDNA, whereas Exon 2 comprises 12 nucleotides of the S′-noncoding region with an N-terminal PEPCK coding sequence. All the
exon-intron junction sequences agree with the GT/AG consensus, except for the 5 donor site of Intron 7, where GC replaces
the GT consensus. As with rice (Oryza sativa), cucumber contains only one copy of theCsPCK gene in its haploid genome. The overall number of exons and the structure of this gene are similar to those for bothArabidopsis Chromosome 4 (Atg4)PCK and the rice PCX genes, which contain 13 and 12 exons, respectively. Two additionalArabidopsis PCK genes can be found in the fifth chromosome (Atg5), which contains 9 exons and 8 introns (with 628 and 670 amino acids, respectively)
of the PEPCK peptide. TheCsPCK gene promoter has conserved plant-specific as-acting elements within 2 kb of the 5’ flanking region. Several common cis-acting
elements of the isocitrate lyase (icl) and malate synthase(ms) gene promoters, identified in theCsPCK gene, are responsible for the sugar response during plant development, especially at germination. These conserved elements
are discussed here. 相似文献
7.
In ribosomal protein S12 mutant or L24 mutant the expression of λN gene was depressed at translational level. To study its
mechanism the λN gene region of λN -lacZ gene fusion was trimmed from its 5′ end to 3′ end with DNA exonuclease III (DNA cxoIII) in order to alter the TIR (translational
initiation region) and the ding region of λN gene. After DNA sequencing 23 species of different λN-lacZ fused genes were obtained.
The β-galactosidase activities of these deletants in ribosomal protein mutant were compared with that in wild type strain.
The result indicated that (i) S12 mutant could affect 305 subunit’s binding to the TIR of λN gene messenger and cause the
difficulty in forming 30s initiation complex and then decrease the efficiency of translational initiation; (ii) in S12 mutant
the coding region of λN gene alw affected the expression λN gene; (iii) in L24 mutant the inhibition of λN gene expression
was not related to translational initiation and the 5′ end of the coding region of λN gene, but related to the 3′ end of λN
gene.
Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 39480014, 39570162) and Chinese Academy
of Sciences. 相似文献
8.
9.
We isolated and characterized a pollen-preferential gene, BAN102, from Chinese cabbage and analyzed the activity of its promoter. There were three or four copies of the BAN102 gene in the Chinese cabbage genome that specifically expressed in pollen and pollen tube. There were 2137 bp of BAN102 genomic clone comprising 186 bp of protein coding region, and 1178 bp of 5′ and 773 bp of 3′ non-coding regions. TATA box
were located at 1071 nt of the promoter region while the polyadenylation signal and polyadenylation site were at 1470 and
1486 nt of the 3′ non-coding region. BLAST search of BAN102 sequence showed that coding region of BAN102 gene was the greatest percent similarity with arabinogalactan protein (AGP23) gene from Arabidopsis thaliana. Promoter analysis using GUS gene as a reporter showed that the pollen-specificity of BAN102 resided within the −112 to −44 bp of proximal promoter from the transient expression in tobacco and Chinese cabbage plants. 相似文献
10.
Reinders J Rozemuller EH van Gent R Arts-Hilkes YH van den Tweel JG Tilanus MG 《Immunogenetics》2005,57(10):790-794
Most of the 119 human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DPB1 alleles are defined by polymorphism in six hypervariable regions (HVRs)
in exon 2 of the HLA-DPB1 gene. We investigated how DPB1 polymorphism is represented in the entire coding region. An RNA sequencing-based
typing (SBT) approach was developed for the identification of HLA-DPB1 polymorphism from the 5′ untranslated region (UTR)
through the 3′-UTR. B-cell lymphoblastoid cell lines, encoding 16 different DPB1 alleles, were studied. Results show additional
HLA-DPB1 polymorphism in exons 1, 3, 4 and 5 and the 5′ and 3′-UTR. Four new HLA-DPB1 alleles were identified, DPB1*0502, DPB1*0602, DPB1*0802 and DPB1*0902, which have exon 2 sequences identical to other DPB1 alleles but differ in the extended region. The additional polymorphism
represents two main polymorphic lineages in the DPB1 alleles. Among the HVRs in exon 2, only HVR F correlates with these two
main lineages. 相似文献
11.
There are three non-allelic isogenes encoding phosphoribosylanthranilate isomerase (PAI) inArabidopsis thaliana. The expression plasmids were constructed by fusion of the GUS reporter gene to the three PAI promoters with or without the 5′ region encoding PAI N-terminal polypeptides and transferred into Arabidopsis plants byAgrobacterium tumefaciens. Analysis of GUS activity revealed that the PAI 5′ coding region was necessary for high expression of GUS activity. GUS activity in transgenic plants transformed with the expression plasmids containing the 5′ coding region of PAH or PAI3 was 60–100-fold higher than that without the corresponding 5′ region. However, the effect of 5’ coding region of PAI2 gene on the GUS activity was very small (only about 1 time difference). The GUS histochemical staining showed a similar result as revealed by GUS activity assay. It was expressed in the mesophyll cells and guard cells, but not in the epidermic cells, indicating that the N-terminal polypeptides encoded by the 5′ region of PAI genes have the function of PTP. 相似文献
12.
Zhiyong Chen Toshiaki Nakajima Nobuhiro Tanabe Kunihiko Hinohara Seiichiro Sakao Yasunori Kasahara Koichiro Tatsumi Yoshinori Inoue Akinori Kimura 《Human genetics》2010,128(4):443-452
A deletion/insertion (Del/Ins) polymorphism of 28 base pairs (bp) in the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of fibrinogen alpha
gene (FGA) was associated with thromboembolic diseases, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Computational predication reveals
that the 28 bp polymorphic fragment is complementary to the sequence of a microRNA, miR-759. In this study, we aim to investigate the association and implicated mechanisms between FGA polymorphisms and the susceptibility to chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). The Del/Ins polymorphism was
analyzed in 190 patients with CTEPH and 628 controls. The FGA 3′UTR and miR-759 interaction was investigated using luciferase assay and quantitative RT-PCR method. Expression of miR-759 and FGA in human tissues was investigated by RT-PCR. The results reveal that the allele frequency of Ins was significantly higher
in the patients than in the controls (55.8 vs. 47.1%, P = 0.003, odds ratio = 1.42, 95% confidence interval: 1.13–1.79). Both miR-759 and FGA were expressed in human liver. Co-transfection of miR-759 decreased the expression and mRNA stability of reporter gene containing the FGA 3′UTR. The effect of miR-759 was stronger on the Ins allele than on the Del allele. These observations suggest that the expression of FGA was regulated by miR-759 through its interaction at the polymorphic 3′UTR sequence, which was associated with the susceptibility to CTEPH. 相似文献
13.
14.
Defined mutant alleles with resident transposons display characteristic patterns of germinal and somatic reversion, and heritable
changes in the timing and frequency of reversions, which have been termed “change of state” by McClintock, constantly arise.
Several mechanisms were proposed to account for these changes. They may be ascribed to the structure and composition of the
elements themselves (composition hypothesis) or to their location (position hypothesis). In the current study, insertion positions
were determined for three autonomous En-controlled mutable alleles of the A2 locus in maize that show different somatic reversion patterns. A relationship was observed between En insertion positions in the single coding region of the intronless A2 gene and anthocyanin variegation patterns in the aleurone. An insertion in the 5′ region of the coding sequence produced
a very late somatic variegation pattern, whereas two early variegation patterns were caused by En insertions in the 3′ region of the coding sequence. 相似文献
15.
16.
Thirty complete coding sequences of human major histocompatibility complex (Mhc) class II DRB alleles, spanning 237 codons, were analyzed for phylogenetic information using distance, parsimony, and likelihood approaches.
Allelic genealogies derived from different parts of the coding sequence (exon 2, the 5′ and 3′ ends of exon 2, respectively,
and exons 3–6) were compared. Contrary to prior assertions, a rigorous analysis of allelic genealogies in this gene family
cannot be used to justify the claim that the lineage leading to modern humans contained on average at least 100,000 individuals.
Phylogenetic inferences based upon the exon 2 region of the DRB loci are complicated by selection and recombination, so this part of the gene does not provide a complete and accurate view
of allelic relationships. Attempts to reconstruct human history from genetic data must use realistic models which consider
the complicating factors of nonequilibrium populations, recombination, and different patterns of selection.
Received: 19 February 1997 / Accepted: 12 June 1997 相似文献
17.
C. C. Shoulders Tamsin T. Grantham Julia D. North Achille Gaspardone Fabrizo Tomai Anna de Fazio Francesco Versaci Pier A. Gioffre Nancy J. Cox 《Human genetics》1996,98(5):557-566
Hypertriglyceridemia is a common metabolic disorder with a major inherited component. In some individuals the condition is
suspected to occur as a result of overproduction of apolipoprotein (apo)CIII, a major constituent of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins.
Population studies have established an association with the apoCIII gene but the identity of the causal mutation remains unknown.
In the present study we have examined a series of six 5′ polymorphic nucleotides (G–935 to A, C–641 to A, G–630 to A, deletion of T–625, C–482 to T, and T–455 to C) that lie within the promoter region of the apoCIII gene for evidence of possible involvement in disease susceptibility.
The polymorphic nucleotides at positions –455 and –482 reside within a negative insulin-response element. We show, in a community-based
sample of 503 school children, that a DNA polymorphism (S2 allele) within the 3′-noncoding region of the apoCIII gene was
associated with elevated apoCIII and triglyceride levels, but that the polymorphic nucleotides of the promoter were not. In
addition, no obvious effect of any extended apoCIII promoter haplotype on plasma apoCIII or triglyceride levels, over and
above that conferred by the presence of the S2 polymorphic nucleotide, was detected. These results demonstrate that none of
the 5′ apoCIII polymorphisms can account for the association of the apoCIII gene locus with hypertriglyceridemia and, moreover,
owing to linkage disequilibrium, raise the possibility that the region conferring susceptibility maps downstream, rather than
upstream, of the apoCIII gene promoter sequences.
Received: 8 January 1996 / Revised: 30 May 1996 相似文献
18.
The gene Gp-9 is believed to have a major effect on colony social organization in fire ants, with the presence of b-like alleles in a colony associated with multiple-queen (polygyne) organization. Queens and workers of polygyne Solenopsis invicta homozygous for the b-like allele designated b suffer reduced viability compared to other genotypes, and bb queens do not survive to become egg-layers. Thus, the b allele effectively acts as a recessive lethal. This allele differs from the remaining b-like alleles (designated b′), as well as all other Gp-9 alleles, by encoding a lysine at position 151 in the protein product, suggesting that this substitution is responsible for
its deleterious effects. We tested this hypothesis by comparing frequencies of b′b′ and bb homozygotes, first in queens of Solenopsis richteri and S. invicta, then in S. invicta workers from populations polymorphic for the two b-like alleles. We found that almost 20% of S. richteri queens were b′b′ homozygotes, compared to the virtual absence of bb homozygotes among S. invicta queens, and that 5–18% of S. invicta workers bore genotype b′b′, compared to the apparent lack of bb workers in the same populations. While we cannot entirely rule out involvement of other genes in complete gametic disequilibrium
with Gp-9, our data are consistent with the hypothesis that the Lys151 residue in GP-9 protein confers the deleterious effects of the b allele in homozygous condition, possibly by impairing the protein’s function through interference with ligand binding/release
or hindrance of dimer formation. 相似文献
19.
Expression Enhancement of a Rice Polyubiquitin Gene Promoter 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
An 808 bp promoter from a rice polyubiquitin gene, rubi3, has been isolated. The rubi3 gene contained an open reading frame of 1140 bp encoding a pentameric polyubiquitin arranged as five tandem, head-to-tail
repeats of 76 aa. The 1140 bp 5′ UTR intron of the gene enhanced its promoter activity in transient expression assays by 20-fold.
Translational fusion of the GUS reporter gene to the coding sequence of the ubiquitin monomer enhanced GUS enzyme activity in transient expression assays
by 4.3-fold over the construct containing the original rubi3 promoter (including the 5′ UTR intron) construct. The enhancing effect residing in the ubiquitin monomer coding sequence
has been narrowed down to the first 9 nt coding for the first three amino acid residues of the ubiquitin protein. Mutagenesis
at the third nucleotide of this 9 nt sequence still maintains the enhancing effect, but leads to translation of the native
GUS protein rather than a fusion protein. The resultant 5′ regulatory sequence, consisting of the rubi3 promoter, 5′ UTR exon and intron, and the mutated first 9 nt coding sequence, has an activity nearly 90-fold greater than
the rubi3 promoter only (without the 5′ UTR intron), and 2.2-fold greater than the maize Ubi1 gene promoter (including its 5′ UTR intron). The newly created expression vector is expected to enhance transgene expression
in monocot plants. Considering the high conservation of the polyubiquitin gene structure in higher plants, the observed enhancement
in gene expression may apply to 5′ regulatory sequences of other plant polyubiquitin genes. 相似文献