共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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J Schwarze E Hamelmann E W Gelfand 《Journal of applied physiology》2005,98(5):1955-7; author reply 1956-7
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B Matrot E Durand S Dauger G Vardon C Gaultier J Gallego 《Journal of applied physiology》2005,98(1):365-370
An increasing number of studies in newborn mice are being performed to determine the mechanisms of sleep apnea, which is the hallmark of early breathing disorders. Whole body plethysmography is the method of choice, as it does not require immobilization, which affects behavioral states and breathing. However, activity inside the plethysmograph may disturb the respiratory signal. Visual classification of the respiratory signal into ventilatory activity, activity-related disturbances, or apneas is so time-consuming as to considerably hamper the phenotyping of large pup samples. We propose an automatic classification of activity based on respiratory disturbances and of apneas based on spectral analysis. This method was validated in newborn mice on the day of birth and on postnatal days 2, 5, and 10, under normoxic and hypoxic (5% O(2)) conditions. For both activity and apneas, visual and automatic scores showed high Pearson's correlation coefficients (0.92 and 0.98, respectively) and high intraclass correlation coefficients (0.96-0.99), supporting strong agreement between the two methods. The present results suggest that breathing disturbances may provide a valid indirect index of activity in freely moving newborn mice and that automatic apnea classification based on spectral analysis may be efficient in terms of precision and of time saved. 相似文献
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EcoGenetics: An R package for the management and exploratory analysis of spatial data in landscape genetics 下载免费PDF全文
Leandro G. Roser Laura I. Ferreyra Beatriz O. Saidman Juan C. Vilardi 《Molecular ecology resources》2017,17(6):e241-e250
The integration of ecology and genetics has become established in recent decades, in hand with the development of new technologies, whose implementation is allowing an improvement of the tools used for data analysis. In a landscape genetics context, integrative management of population information from different sources can make spatial studies involving phenotypic, genotypic and environmental data simpler, more accessible and faster. Tools for exploratory analysis of autocorrelation can help to uncover the spatial genetic structure of populations and generate appropriate hypotheses in searching for possible causes and consequences of their spatial processes. This study presents EcoGenetics, an R package with tools for multisource management and exploratory analysis in landscape genetics. 相似文献
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Jennifer L S Lofgren Melissa R Mazan Edward P Ingenito Kara Lascola Molly Seavey Ashley Walsh Andrew M Hoffman 《Journal of applied physiology》2006,101(5):1495-1505
The mouse is the most extensively studied animal species in respiratory research, yet the technologies available to assess airway function in conscious mice are not universally accepted. We hypothesized that whole body plethysmography employing noninvasive restraint (RWBP) could be used to quantify specific airway resistance (sRaw-RWBP) and airway responsiveness in conscious mice. Methacholine responses were compared using sRaw-RWBP vs. airway resistance by the forced oscillation technique (Raw-FOT) in groups of C57, A/J, and BALB/c mice. sRaw-RWBP was also compared with sRaw derived from double chamber plethysmography (sRaw-DCP) in BALB/c. Finally, airway responsiveness following allergen challenge in BALB/c was measured using RWBP. sRaw-RWBP in C57, A/J, and BALB/c mice was 0.51 +/- 0.03, 0.68 +/- 0.03, and 0.63 +/- 0.05 cm/s, respectively. sRaw derived from Raw-FOT and functional residual capacity (Raw*functional residual capacity) was 0.095 cm/s, approximately one-fifth of sRaw-RWBP in C57 mice. The intra- and interanimal coefficients of variations were similar between sRaw-RWBP (6.8 and 20.1%) and Raw-FOT (3.4 and 20.1%, respectively). The order of airway responsiveness employing sRaw-RWBP was AJ > BALBc > C57 and for Raw-FOT was AJ > BALB/c = C57. There was no difference between the airway responsiveness assessed by RWBP vs. DCP; however, baseline sRaw-RWBP was significantly lower than sRaw-DCP. Allergen challenge caused a progressive decrease in the provocative concentration of methacholine that increased sRaw to 175% postsaline values based on sRaw-RWBP. In conclusion, the technique of RWBP was rapid, reproducible, and easy to perform. Airway responsiveness measured using RWBP, DCP, and FOT was equivalent. Allergen responses could be followed longitudinally, which may provide greater insight into the pathogenesis of chronic airway disease. 相似文献
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Hernandez AB Kirkness JP Smith PL Schneider H Polotsky M Richardson RA Hernandez WC Schwartz AR 《Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)》2012,112(4):671-680
Sleep is associated with marked alterations in ventilatory control that lead to perturbations in respiratory timing, breathing pattern, ventilation, pharyngeal collapsibility, and sleep-related breathing disorders (SRBD). Mouse models offer powerful insight into the pathogenesis of SRBD; however, methods for obtaining the full complement of continuous, high-fidelity respiratory, electroencephalographic (EEG), and electromyographic (EMG) signals in unrestrained mice during sleep and wake have not been developed. We adapted whole body plethysmography to record EEG, EMG, and respiratory signals continuously in unrestrained, unanesthetized mice. Whole body plethysmography tidal volume and airflow signals and a novel noninvasive surrogate for respiratory effort (respiratory movement signal) were validated against simultaneously measured gold standard signals. Compared with the gold standard, we validated 1) tidal volume (correlation, R(2) = 0.87, P < 0.001; and agreement within 1%, P < 0.001); 2) inspiratory airflow (correlation, R(2) = 0.92, P < 0.001; agreement within 4%, P < 0.001); 3) expiratory airflow (correlation, R(2) = 0.83, P < 0.001); and 4) respiratory movement signal (correlation, R(2) = 0.79-0.84, P < 0.001). The expiratory airflow signal, however, demonstrated a decrease in amplitude compared with the gold standard. Integrating respiratory and EEG/EMG signals, we fully characterized sleep and breathing patterns in conscious, unrestrained mice and demonstrated inspiratory flow limitation in a New Zealand Obese mouse. Our approach will facilitate studies of SRBD mechanisms in inbred mouse strains and offer a powerful platform to investigate the effects of environmental and pharmacological exposures on breathing disturbances during sleep and wakefulness. 相似文献
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Failure of body plethysmography in bronchial asthma 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Stanescu D. C.; Rodenstein D.; Cauberghs M.; Van de Woestijne K. P. 《Journal of applied physiology》1982,52(4):939-948
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Anurag Agrawal Arjun Ram 《Journal of applied physiology》2007,102(6):2411; author reply 2412-2411; author reply 2413
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BACKGROUND: To investigate the effect of body temperature and moisture on body fat (%fat), volume and density by air-displacement plethysmography (BOD POD). METHODS: %fat, body volume and density by the BOD POD before (BOD PODBH) and immediately following hydrostatic weighing (BOD PODFH) were performed in 32 healthy females (age (yr) 33 +/- 11, weight (kg) 64 +/- 14, height (cm) 167 +/- 7). Body temperature and moisture were measured prior to BOD PODBH and prior to BOD PODFH with body moisture defined as the difference in body weight (kg) between the BOD PODBH and BOD PODFH measurements. RESULTS: BOD PODFH %fat (27.1%) and body volume (61.5 L) were significantly lower (P = 0.001) and body density (1.0379 g/cm3) significantly higher (P = 0.001) than BOD PODBH %fat (28.9%), body volume (61.7 L), and body density (1.0341 g/cm3). A significant increase in body temperature (~0.6 degrees C; P = 0.001) and body moisture (0.08 kg; P = 0.01) were observed between BOD PODBH and BOD PODFH. Body surface area was positively associated with the difference in %fat independent of changes in body temperature and moisture, r = 0.30, P < 0.05. CONCLUSION: These data demonstrate for the first time that increases in body heat and moisture result in an underestimation of body fat when using the BOD POD, however, the precise mechanism remains unidentified. 相似文献
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Robin J. Boyd Gary D. Powney Claire Carvell Oliver L. Pescott 《Ecology and evolution》2021,11(22):16177
Species occurrence records from a variety of sources are increasingly aggregated into heterogeneous databases and made available to ecologists for immediate analytical use. However, these data are typically biased, i.e. they are not a probability sample of the target population of interest, meaning that the information they provide may not be an accurate reflection of reality. It is therefore crucial that species occurrence data are properly scrutinised before they are used for research. In this article, we introduce occAssess, an R package that enables straightforward screening of species occurrence data for potential biases. The package contains a number of discrete functions, each of which returns a measure of the potential for bias in one or more of the taxonomic, temporal, spatial, and environmental dimensions. Users can opt to provide a set of time periods into which the data will be split; in this case separate outputs will be provided for each period, making the package particularly useful for assessing the suitability of a dataset for estimating temporal trends in species'' distributions. The outputs are provided visually (as ggplot2 objects) and do not include a formal recommendation as to whether data are of sufficient quality for any given inferential use. Instead, they should be used as ancillary information and viewed in the context of the question that is being asked, and the methods that are being used to answer it. We demonstrate the utility of occAssess by applying it to data on two key pollinator taxa in South America: leaf‐nosed bats (Phyllostomidae) and hoverflies (Syrphidae). In this worked example, we briefly assess the degree to which various aspects of data coverage appear to have changed over time. We then discuss additional applications of the package, highlight its limitations, and point to future development opportunities. 相似文献
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This paper presents the R package BioFTF, which is a tool for statistical biodiversity assessment in the functional data analysis framework. Diversity is a key topic in many research fields; however, in the literature, it is demonstrated that the existing indices do not capture the different aspects of this concept. Thus, a main drawback is that different indicators may lead to different orderings among communities according to their biodiversity. A possible method to evaluate biodiversity consists in using diversity profiles that are curves depending on a specific parameter. In this setting, it is possible to adopt some functional instruments proposed in the literature, such as the first and second derivatives, the curvature, the radius of curvature and the arc length. Specifically, the derivatives and the curvature (or the radius of curvature) highlight any peculiar behaviour of the profiles, whereas the arc length helps in ranking curves, given the richness. Because these instruments do not solve the issue of ranking communities with different numbers of species, we propose an important methodological contribution that introduces the surface area. Indeed, this tool is a scalar measure that reflects the information provided by the biodiversity profile and allows for ordering communities with different richness. However, this approach requires mathematical skills that the average user may not have; thus, our idea is to provide a user-friendly tool for both non-statistician and statistician practitioners to measure biodiversity in a functional context. 相似文献
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The enteric conjugative transposon-like IncJ elements R391, R392, R705, R706 and pMERPH, all demonstrated increased conjugative transfer upon UV irradiation. The transfer frequency increased on average from its basal rate of 10(-5) to 10(-3) per recipient, upon pre-exposure to UV irradiation. However, the transfer frequency of R997, which was higher than the other IncJ elements at 10(-3) per donor, showed a smaller increase. This effect was shown to be recA+ dependent in all cases. Using PCR primers directed outwards from the ends of the integrated R391 element it was observed that a circular intermediate of the element forms within the host, which has been proposed to be a transfer intermediate. Using real-time PCR, it was determined that the amount of the circular intermediate produced increased substantially upon UV irradiation. 相似文献
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Pence CH 《Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences》2011,42(4):475-485
There are two motivations commonly ascribed to historical actors for taking up statistics: to reduce complicated data to a mean value (e.g., Quetelet), and to take account of diversity (e.g., Galton). Different motivations will, it is assumed, lead to different methodological decisions in the practice of the statistical sciences. Karl Pearson and W. F. R. Weldon are generally seen as following directly in Galton’s footsteps. I argue for two related theses in light of this standard interpretation, based on a reading of several sources in which Weldon, independently of Pearson, reflects on his own motivations. First, while Pearson does approach statistics from this “Galtonian” perspective, he is, consistent with his positivist philosophy of science, utilizing statistics to simplify the highly variable data of biology. Weldon, on the other hand, is brought to statistics by a rich empiricism and a desire to preserve the diversity of biological data. Secondly, we have here a counterexample to the claim that divergence in motivation will lead to a corresponding separation in methodology. Pearson and Weldon, despite embracing biometry for different reasons, settled on precisely the same set of statistical tools for the investigation of evolution. 相似文献
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Bing-xin Sun Ai-shi Peng Pei-jie Liu Min-jia Wang Hai-li Ding Yu-shi Hu Liang Kang 《Purinergic signalling》2023,19(1):297
The neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which acts as a transducer, is responsible for improving cerebral stroke, neuropathic pain, and depression. Exercise can alter extracellular nucleotide levels and purinergic receptors in central nervous system (CNS) structures. This inevitably activates or inhibits the expression of BDNF via purinergic receptors, particularly the P2X receptor (P2XR), to alleviate pathological progression. In addition, the significant involvement of sensitive P2X4R in mediating increased BDNF and p38-MAPK for intracerebral hemorrhage and pain hypersensitivity has been reported. Moreover, archetypal P2X7R blockade induces mouse antidepressant-like behavior and analgesia by BDNF release. This review summarizes BDNF-mediated neural effects via purinergic receptors, speculates that P2X4R and P2X7R could be priming molecules in exercise-mediated changes in BDNF, and provides strategies for the protective mechanism of exercise in neurogenic disease. 相似文献
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P. Martin Sander Nicole Klein Eric Buffetaut Gilles Cuny Varavudh Suteethorn Jean Le Loeuff 《Organisms Diversity & Evolution》2004,4(3):165-173
The well-preserved histology of the geologically oldest sauropod dinosaur from the Late Triassic allows new insights into the timing and mechanism of the evolution of the gigantic body size of the sauropod dinosaurs. The oldest sauropods were already very large and show the same long-bone histology, laminar fibro-lamellar bone lacking growth marks, as the well-known Jurassic sauropods. This bone histology is unequivocal evidence for very fast growth. Our histologic study of growth series of the Norian Plateosaurus indicates that the sauropod sistergroup, the Late Triassic and early Jurassic Prosauropoda, reached a much more modest body size in a not much shorter ontogeny. Increase in growth rate compared to the ancestor (acceleration) is thus the underlying process in the phylogenetic size increase of sauropods. Compared to all other dinosaur lineages, sauropods were not only much larger but evolved very large body size much faster. The prerequisite for this increase in growth rate must have been a considerable increase in metabolic rate, and we speculate that a bird-like lung was important in this regard. 相似文献