α-黑色素细胞刺激素对白细胞介素-1β发热的解热机理研究

本研究观察了α－黑色素细胞刺激素（α－ＭＳＨ）对家兔白细胞介素－１β（ＩＬ－１β）发热效应及下丘脑组织腺苷环－磷酸（ｃＡＭＰ）含量的影响;同时观察了下丘本外培养过程中,α－ＭＳＨ对ＩＬ－１β刺激下丘脑释放ｃＡＭＰ的影响。结果显示：α－ＭＳＨ能显著降低ＩＬ－１β引起的体温升高（Ｐ〈０．０５）;同时抑制下丘脑组织ｃＡＭＰ含量的增高（Ｐ〈０．０１）。ＩＬ－１β与下丘脑组织培养,其上清液的ｃＡＭＰ含量明显     

体外培养大鼠海马细胞白细胞介素—1的表达及缺氧的影响

采用免疫组化方法,观察了体外培养大鼠海马细胞对人重组白细胞介素1β（rhIL-βH）抗血清的免疫反应以及缺氧的影响,结果可见,体外培养的大鼠海马神经元和神经胶质细胞对抗rhIL-1β抗血清均呈弱性免疫染色反应,缺氧后免疫染色反应明显增强,经图像分析表明,缺氧后神经元和神经胶质细胞的平均光密度均较缺氧前增加,尤以缺氧2h增加最明显,继续缺氧4－12h,神经元和神经胶质细胞的平均光密度又逐渐减弱,以上结果表明,大鼠海马脑区存在抗rhIL-1β抗血清的免疫反应细胞;缺氧使对抗rhIL-1β抗血清的免疫染色反应增强,提示IL－1β与脑缺氧损伤的调控有关。     

缺氧诱导体外培养大鼠海马神经元c-fos的表达及人重组白细胞介素-1β的影响

采用免疫组化方法,观察缺氧诱导体外培养大鼠海马神经元ｃ－ｆｏｓ的表达及人重组白细胞介素－１β（ｒｈＩＬ－１β）的影响。结果显示,缺氧后海马神经元中Ｆｏｓ染色阳性胞核的百分率随缺氧时间的延长而显著增加。图像分析的结果显示,缺氧后Ｆｏｓ染色阳性胞核的平均光密度亦随缺氧时间的延长而显著增加。经ｒｈＩＬ－１β孵育的神经元缺氧后Ｆｏｓ染色阳性胞核的百分率和Ｆｏｓ染色阳性胞核的平均光密度均明显低于对照组。本结果表明,缺氧能诱导体外培养海马神经元ｃ－ｆｏｓ表达,ｒｈＩＬ－１β能抑制缺氧神经元ｃ－ｆｏｓ表达。提示ｒｈＩＬ－１β对海马神经元缺氧损伤具有一定调控作用。     

白细胞介素－1β对新生大鼠胰岛素分泌的作用及其机制分析

本实验采用分离培养的新生大鼠胰岛，观察了白细胞介素１β（ＩＬ－１β）和Ｎ￣Ｇ－甲基－Ｌ－精氨酸（ＮＭＭＡ，ＮＯ合成酶的竞争性阻断剂）对胰岛素分泌及对胰岛中ｃＧＭＰ水平和亚硝酸盐浓度的影响。结果如下：（１）ＩＬ－１β（５、１０、２０Ｕ／ｍｌ）能抑制基础的和由葡萄糖（２０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）刺激的胰岛素分泌。ＩＬ－１β对葡萄糖刺激的胰岛素分泌的抑制作用呈明显的量效关系，抑制率分别为５３．％，６０．５％和７０．７％。（２）ＮＭＭＡ（０．５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）能阻断ＩＬ－１β对葡萄糖刺激的胰岛素分泌的抑制作用。（３）ＩＬ－１β能增加胰岛内ｃＧＭＰ水平和亚硝酸盐浓度，而ＮＭＭＡ能阻断这一效应。以上结果表明，ＩＬ－１β能抑制新生大鼠胰岛β细胞的功能，这一作用可能是通过ＮＯ实现的。     

体外培养大鼠海马细胞白细胞介素－1的表达及缺氧的影响

采用免疫组化方法,观察了体外培养大鼠海马细胞对人重组白细胞介素１β（ｒｈＩＬ－１β）抗血清的免疫反应以及缺氧的影响。结果可见,体外培养的大鼠海马神经元和神经胶质细胞对抗ｒｈＩＬ－１β抗血清均呈弱阳性免疫染色反应,缺氧后免疫染色反应明显增强。经图像分析表明,缺氧后神经元和神经胶质细胞的平均光密度均较缺氧前增加,尤以缺氧２ｈ时增加最明显,继续缺氧４─１２ｈ,神经元和神经胶质细胞的平均光密度又逐渐减弱。以上结果表明,大鼠海马脑区存在抗ｒｈＩＬ－１β抗血清的免疫反应细胞;缺氧使对抗ｒｈＩＬ－１β抗血清的免疫染色反应增强,提示ＩＬ－１β与脑缺氧损伤的调控有关。     

重组人白细胞介素-1β对小鼠骨髓 基质细胞K+通道的影响

本文用细胞贴附式和内面向外式的膜片箝单通道记录方式研究了小鼠骨髓基质细胞K     

白细胞介素-1β对骨髓基质细胞膜电位及细胞内Ca2+和pH的影响

采用荧光染料 Ｄｉ Ｂ Ａ Ｃ４（３）, Ｆｌｕｏ３／ Ａ Ｍ 和 Ｓ Ｎ Ａ Ｌ Ｆ Ｃａｌｃｅｉｎ／ Ａ Ｍ 分别标记小鼠骨髓基质细胞（ Ｂ Ｍ Ｓ Ｃ）,在激光扫描共聚焦显微镜下直接监测重组人白细胞介素１β（ Ｉ Ｌ１β）刺激后细胞膜电位,细胞内游离 Ｃａ２＋ 浓度和胞浆 ｐ Ｈ 的实时动态变化． 结果发现： Ｉ Ｌ１β加入测定体系后浓度依赖性地引起 Ｂ Ｍ Ｓ Ｃ 膜电位的迅速改变． 低浓度时发生去极化反应,高浓度时发生超极化反应． 非受体方式作用的 Ｉ Ｌ１β肽段 １６３１７１ 对膜电位无影响． Ｉ Ｌ１β不影响细胞内 Ｃａ２＋ 的浓度和胞浆ｐ Ｈ． 研究表明膜电位的变化为 Ｉ Ｌ１ 受体后早期事件,它与细胞内 Ｃａ２＋的浓度和胞浆 ｐ Ｈ 的调节无关．     

中小负荷运动对冷应激大鼠白细胞介素2和β-内啡肽的影响

目的:探讨中小负荷运动对IL-2和β-EP的影响及其调节机制.方法:对SD大鼠进行为期4周中小负荷运动,并在运动后期施加冷应激,测定大鼠外周血液IL-2和β-EP的含量.结果:①应激组IL-2显著低于对照组,但β-EP含量显著高于对照组.②经过4周运动,30 mm运动组和60 min运动组,β-EP含量显著低于对照组,而IL-2水平显著高于应激组.同时30 min运动 应激组和60min运动 应激组血清IL-2显著高于应激组,而β-EP含量显著低于应激组.结论:中小负荷运动降低冷应激反应程度,减少内源性β-EP释放,使IL-2含量升高,维持机体在应激状态下免疫功能稳定.     

乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)体内外对单个核细胞白细胞介素-1和白细胞介素-2诱生活性影响的研究

本研究用PAP法、胸腺细胞增殖法、脾细胞增殖法,分别检测16例体外HBV感染的骨髓单个核细胞与16例慢性乙型肝炎患者体内感染的骨髓单个核细胞(MNCs)中的HBcAg和白细胞介素-1(IL-1)、白细胞介素-2(IL-2)的诱生活性(以△cpm值表示)。结果显示,体外HBV感染组与体内HBV感染组骨髓MNCs中HBcAg检出率分别为50％和43.7％。本实验结果表明,HBV在体外感染骨髓MNCs,且与体内自然感染相符,但光镜下未观察到致细胞病变效应(CPE)。体外感染组与体内感染组IL-I和IL-2活性均较对照组明显下降(P<0.01)。且细胞中HBcAg检出阳性者较阴性者下降更为明显(P<0.01)。IL-1和IL-2诱生活性降低与HBV侵染免疫细胞及其在细胞内复制有密切关系,从而提示,IL-1和IL-2降低可能影响HBV的清除而引起慢性化过程。     

白细胞介素-1β信号与β细胞功能

由胰岛β细胞功能失调,导致胰岛素分泌的相对或绝对的缺失,进而出现高血糖症状,是糖尿病的重要发病机制.目前认为糖尿病的发病与机体的炎症过程密切相关.作为炎症过程的重要调节因子白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β),通过激活MAPK、NFkB、PKC等信号通路,最终导致b细胞功能失调是糖尿病发生发展的重要原因.IL-1β在介导糖尿病的b细胞功能失调中发挥核心作用.     

Effects of caffeine on carotid sinus nerve chemosensory discharge in kittens and cats

Bairam, A., P. De Grandpré, C. Dauphin, and F. Marchal. Effects of caffeine on carotid sinus nervechemosensory discharge in kittens and cats. J. Appl.Physiol. 82(2): 413-418, 1997.Caffeine (C)decreases apneic episodes in premature infants and is thought tostimulate breathing mainly by a central mechanism. While the methylxanthines theophylline and aminophylline are known to alter thecarotid chemoreceptor activity, there are little data on C. The aim ofthe study was to examine the effects of C on the carotid sinus nervedischarge (CSND) in developing animals. Nine kittens 17-21 daysold and six adult cats that were anesthetized and artificially ventilated were studied. They received four consecutive doses of C,each of 10 mg/kg, administered at intervals of 20 min either asintravenous bolus injection (6 kittens, 3 cats) or continuous infusion(3 kittens, 3 cats). Bolus injections of C invariably induced a promptbut transient increase in the CSND from 4.1 ± 0.6 to 8.1 ± 1.0 (SE) impulses/s in kittens (P = 0.01)and from 3.9 ± 0.1 to 7.9 to 1.0 impulses/s in cats (after thefirst injection). This response was associated with a significantdecrease in arterial blood pressure. Continuous infusion of C did notinduce any early change in either CSND or blood pressure in kittens orcats. Fifteen minutes after C injection or infusion was begun, CSNDvalues in air, 8% O₂-balanceN₂, or 100%O₂ were not significantlydifferent from control. Haloperidol administered at theend of the experiment in four cats and four kittens significantlyincreased CSND and did not suppress the early response to C injection.It is concluded that caffeine administered by bolus in the kitteninduces a transient stimulation of the CSND that is associated with adecrease in the arterial blood pressure and is independent of thedopaminergic mechanisms in the carotid body. The lack of sustainedeffect implies the main mechanism to the ventilatory stimulation by Cmust be central.

     

Anandamide modulates carotid sinus nerve afferent activity via TRPV1 receptors increasing responses to heat

Abnormal respiratory chemosensitivity is implicated in recurrent apnea syndromes, with the peripheral chemoreceptors, the carotid bodies, playing a particularly important role. Previous work suggests that supraphysiological concentrations of the endocannabinoid endovanilloid and TASK channel blocker anandamide (ANA) excite carotid bodies, but the mechanism(s) and physiological significance are unknown. Given that carotid body output is temperature-sensitive, we hypothesized that ANA stimulates carotid body chemosensory afferents via temperature-sensitive vanilloid (TRPV1) receptors. To test this hypothesis, we used the dual-perfused in situ rat preparation to confirm that independent perfusion of carotid arteries with supraphysiological concentrations of ANA strongly excites carotid sinus nerve afferents and that this activity is sufficient to increase phrenic activity. Next, using ex vivo carotid body preparations, we demonstrate that these effects are mediated by TRPV1 receptors, not CB1 receptors or TASK channels: in CB1-null mouse preparations, ANA increased afferent activity across all levels of Po(2), whereas in TRPV1-null mouse preparations, the stimulatory effect of ANA was absent. In rat ex vivo preparations, ANA's stimulatory effects were mimicked by olvanil, a nonpungent TRPV1 agonist, and suppressed by the TRPV1 antagonist AMG-9810. The specific CB1 agonist oleamide had no effect. Physiological levels of ANA had no effect alone but increased sensitivity to mild hyperthermia. AMG-9810 blocked ANA's effect on the temperature response. Immunolabeling and RT-PCR demonstrated that TRPV1 receptors are not expressed in carotid body glomus cells but reside in petrosal sensory afferents. Together, these results suggest that ANA plays a physiological role in augmenting afferent responses to mild hyperthermia by activating TRPV1 receptors on petrosal afferents.     

异位（过）表达PGRN抑制IL-1β引起的髓核细胞损伤

炎症因子IL-1β是引起髓核细胞功能异常的关键因素之一。颗粒体蛋白原（progranulin,PGRN）是一种多功能生长因子,在组织修复、炎症反应等过程中发挥重要作用,但其在髓核细胞中的作用尚不清楚。本研究以IL-1β诱导的髓核细胞炎性损伤模型为研究对象,探讨PGRN对IL 1β诱导的髓核细胞损伤的保护作用及其机制。基因转染结合MTT方法证明,与IL-1β处理的细胞比较,过表达PGRN可逆转IL-1β引起的原代培养的髓核细胞生长抑制,促进细胞增殖。TUNEL技术和流式细胞分析显示,PGRN抑制IL-1β诱导的髓核细胞凋亡。Western印迹和RT-qPCR方法揭示,与IL-1β处理的细胞相比,过表达PGRN显著上调聚蛋白聚糖（aggrecan）和II型胶原（collagen type II）的蛋白质表达,但下调基质金属蛋白酶-13（MMP-13）、分解素-金属蛋白酶ADAMTS-5的表达,同时抑制IL-1β诱导的炎性因子IL-6、IL-8和TNF-α的表达,说明PGRN可缓解IL-1β引起的炎性反应,并减少细胞外基质（ECM）相关蛋白质的降解。此外,过表达PGRN还可降低p65、p-IkB a和β-catenin的蛋白质表达水平,提示PGRN可抑制IL-1β下游TNF-α介导的NF-κB信号途径及β-catenin途径。总之,上述结果提示,过表达PGRN可通过抑制IL-1β诱导的炎性反应、髓核细胞凋亡及基质代谢紊乱,缓解IL-1β诱导的髓核细胞损伤;PGRN的这种抗炎、抗基质降解作用可能与PGRN参与调控NF-κB和β-catenin信号途径有关。     

心房钠泵因子对颈动脉窦压力感受器反射的易化作用

Effects of atriopeptin II (APII) on the carotid sinus baroreflex in anesthetized rats and on the sinus nerve afferent activity in the anesthetized rabbits were investigated. The results were as follows: (1) By perfusing the isolated left carotid sinus with APII (1 microgram/ml) in anesthetized rats (n = 10), the threshold pressure (TP) of the carotid baroreflex did not show any change, while the equilibrium pressure (EP), the saturation pressure (SP) and the operating range (OR) were decreased from 101 +/- 2.8 to 95 +/- 2.0 mmHg (P less than 0.05), 202 +/- 5.2 to 168 +/- 6.1 mmHg (P less than 0.001) and 128 +/- 5.5 to 93 +/- 6.3 mmHg (P less than 0.001), respectively. The function curve of the baroreflex was shifted to the left and downward with a peak slope (PS) increased during perfusing with APII. In contrast, by perfusing the carotid sinus with sodium nitroprusside (NP, 0.5 micrograms/ml), TP and EP remained unchanged, whereas SP and OR were increased from 188 +/- 6.4 to 218 +/- 6.0 mmHg (n = 6, P less than 0.01) and from 107 +/- 6.9 to 132 +/- 7.6 mmHg (P less than 0.05), respectively. The function curve of the baroreflex and its PS were not affected by NP. The sinus nerve afferent activity was quite stable with the perfusion of carotid sinus at constant intrasinus pressure (ISP) in the rabbits (n = 6) and increased during the elevation of ISP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)