低温对水稻类囊体膜蛋白磷酸化及光合机构光能分配的影响

研究了低温胁迫对水稻类囊体膜蛋白磷酸化和光能分配的影响。类囊体膜蛋白组分的SDS-PAGE和免疫印迹分析结果显示,低温弱光条件下光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)功能蛋白的稳态水平均有所降低。低温(77K)荧光分析表明,低温处理后类囊体膜光能吸收明显下降,而且FPSⅡ/FPSⅠ的比值均较对照组下降,表明低温弱光条件下有更多的激发能被分配到PSⅠ。低温处理同时还改变了类囊体膜蛋白磷酸化水平,捕光天线LHCⅡ蛋白中lhcb1的磷酸化水平明显降低,lhcb2的磷酸化水平增加,进一步证实lhcb2向PSⅠ移动,改变光能分配。PSⅡ反应中心D1、D2蛋白和核心天线CP43的磷酸化水平增高,有利于PSⅡ二聚体的稳定。     

黄化油菜突变体Cr3529子叶类囊体膜光谱性质研究

以发育10d的黄化油菜突变体为材料,分析了突变体油菜子叶类囊体膜的色素含量、室温吸收光谱、叶绿素荧光发射和激发光谱以及蛋白内源荧光光谱的变化。数据显示：与野生型相比,突变体油菜子叶类囊体膜的光合色素Chl α和Chl b含量均减少．但Chl α／b比值升高;突变体油菜子叶类囊体膜叶绿素捕光能力和受激发能力均下降,且较依赖于Chl α捕光并将光能激发传递给PSⅡ反应中心;突变体油菜子叶类囊体膜的蛋白内源荧光也明显异于野生型。进一步表明突变体油菜子叶类囊体膜蛋白组成发生了改变。     

一种分析叶绿体类囊体膜色素蛋白复合物的蓝绿温和胶电泳系统

采用蓝绿温和胶电泳系统可以非常有效地分离叶绿体蛋白质复合物,包括PSⅠ, PSⅡ, ATP合酶,细胞色素b₆f复合物,捕光色素复合物和1,5-二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶.还结合SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳将叶绿体多亚基复合物的50多种蛋白质分开,利用免疫印迹对蛋白质复合物进行了初步鉴定,同时还应用蓝色温和胶电泳分析基质、基粒类囊体复合物的组成.     

海洋管藻目绿藻刺松藻光系统Ⅰ复合物的分离

采用Triton X-100蔗糖密度梯度离心法,从管藻目绿藻刺松藻中分离到三种不同形式的光系统Ⅰ（PSⅠ）复合物.区带Ⅲ富含PSⅠ核心复合物（CCⅠ）,叶绿素（Chl）a/b＞20,在温和的聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（PAGE）中只显示一条PSⅠ中心复合物CPⅠ条带.区带Ⅳ和Ⅴ在436和674 nm、467和650 nm以及540 nm的吸收表明,含有Chl a、b及管藻黄素和管藻素,Chl a/b比值分别为3.23和2.4.经PAGE检测,有CPⅠ和CPⅠa两种PSⅠ色素蛋白复合物带,因此区带Ⅳ和Ⅴ是由CCⅠ和含量不等的捕光复合物LHCⅠ构成的PSⅠ颗粒.区带Ⅲ只有66和56 ku两种核心多肽;区带Ⅳ和Ⅴ除了66、56 ku多肽以外,还有4种分子质量为25,26,26.2和27.5 ku的LHCⅠ多肽.室温荧光光谱显示,分离物中的各种光合色素之间保持着良好的能量传递关系,由Chl b及管藻黄素和管藻素吸收的能量都可以传递给Chl a.     

光系统Ⅱ超分子复合物的放氧活性分析

以高等植物大量捕光色素蛋白复合物(major light harvesting complex Ⅱ,LHCⅡb)对光系统Ⅱ(photosystem Ⅱ,PSⅡ)放氧活性的影响为研究对象,从豌豆类囊体膜中分步提取出三种PSⅡ蛋白复合物,结合电泳和光谱分析,鉴定出三种复合物的主要区别是LHCⅡb含量不同.对于三种PSⅡ色素...     

植物光系统Ⅱ捕光过程的超分子结构基础

光系统Ⅱ(photosystemⅡ,PSⅡ)是位于植物、藻类和蓝细菌等放氧光合生物类囊体膜上的重要超分子复合物,它可通过捕获光能用于激发反应中心的电荷分离并驱动电子传递过程,在常温常压下可将水分子裂解产生氧气和质子.植物光系统Ⅱ的外周存在主要和次要捕光复合物Ⅱ(major and minor light-harvesting complexⅡ,LHCⅡ),它们负责吸收光能并向光系统Ⅱ传递激发能,并且还参与非光化学淬灭和状态转换相关的捕光调节过程.近年来,围绕光系统Ⅱ和LHCⅡ的结构生物学研究取得了一系列重要进展,本文总结了PSⅡ、LHCⅡ和二者共同组成的PSII-LHCII超级复合物的结构生物学研究历程以及最新进展,并对该领域的未来研究方向做出展望.     

镉离子对菠菜叶绿体色素蛋白质复合物及激发能分配的影响

Cd~(2+)使叶绿体低温(77K)荧光发射光谱中 F686/F736及 F696/F736和激发光谱中F480/F436比值降低,说明 Cd~(2+)不利于激发能向 PSⅡ传递。SDS-PAGE 分析表明,Cd(2+)处理后叶绿体类囊体膜中光系统Ⅱ捕光叶绿素蛋白质复合物 LHCⅡ的部分寡聚体解聚成单体,且 LHCⅡ的总量也减少了。分析表明 Cd~(2+)使属于 LHCⅡ的多肽减少。已知LHCⅡ在光能吸收、传递以及激发能在两个光系统间的分配和调节方面起着重要作用,Cd~(2+)引起部分 LHCⅡ解聚和总量减少,必然导致由 LHCⅡ捕获和向光系统Ⅱ中心传递的能量减少。     

低叶绿素b高产水稻突变体及其光合特性的研究

最近发现了一个在田间条件下自然产生的低叶绿素b高产水稻突变体(Oryza sativa L. cv.Zhenhui 249),该突变体主要降低了外周捕光天线复合体的含量.这种变化主要表现在叶片全展前后,到叶片发育后期则接近野生型.与以往所研究的突变体不同的是,该突变体叶绿素b含量仅适量减少,因而不影响类囊体膜的稳定性.突变体的光合机构在叶片一生中较稳定,这可能表明突变减少了光系统截获的光能,相对提高了光能的利用率,减少了O-2的产生.     

光系统Ⅰ（ＰＳⅠ）的结构与功能研究进展

光系统Ⅰ(PSⅠ)是整合于光合膜上的由多个蛋白亚基组成的色素蛋白复合物,它在光合电子传递链中催化电子从PC经过一系列电子传递体到Fd的传递.近20年特别是近几年来,有关光合作用PSⅠ结构与功能的研究取得了显著的进展,获得了很多具有重要意义的结果.本文综合介绍了近年来在PSⅠ的蛋白亚基组成及其特性、PSⅠ介导的3种电子传递过程、PSⅠ特有的外周捕光色素蛋白复合物系统(LHCⅠ)以及最新的有关PSⅠ4?分辨率的三维晶体结构生物学研究的进展情况,并对未来的研究进行了展望.     

综述: 植物光系统Ⅱ捕光过程的超分子结构基础

光系统Ⅱ(photosystem Ⅱ,PSⅡ)是位于植物、藻类和蓝细菌等放氧光合生物类囊体膜上的重要超分子复合物,它可通过捕获光能用于激发反应中心的电荷分离并驱动电子传递过程,在常温常压下可将水分子裂解产生氧气和质子．植物光系统Ⅱ的外周存在主要和次要捕光复合物Ⅱ(major and minor light-harvesting complex Ⅱ,LHCⅡ),它们负责吸收光能并向光系统Ⅱ传递激发能,并且还参与非光化学淬灭和状态转换相关的捕光调节过程．近年来,围绕光系统Ⅱ和LHCⅡ的结构生物学研究取得了一系列重要进展,本文总结了PSⅡ、LHCⅡ和二者共同组成的PSII-LHCII超级复合物的结构生物学研究历程以及最新进展,并对该领域的未来研究方向做出展望．     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.