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1.
Three types of transgenic tobacco plants were acquired by separate transformation or co-transformation of a vacuolar Na+/H+ antiporter gene, SeNHX1, and a betaine synthesis gene, BADH. When exposed to 200 mM NaCl, the dual gene-transformed plants displayed greater accumulation of betaine and Na+ than their wild-type counterparts. Photosynthetic rate and photosystem II activity in the transgenic plants were less affected
by salt stress than wild-type plants. Transgenic plants exhibited a greater increase in osmotic pressure than wild-type plants
when exposed to NaCl. More importantly, the dual gene transformed plants accumulated higher biomass than either of the single
transgenic plants under salt stress. Taken together, these findings indicate that simultaneous transformation of BADH and SeNHX1 genes into tobacco plants can enable plants to accumulate betaine and Na+, thus conferring them more tolerance to salinity than either of the single gene transformed plants or wild-type tobacco plants.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
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Ascorbate peroxidase plays a key role in scavenging reactive oxygen species under environmental stresses and in protecting
plant cells against toxic effects. The Solanum lycopersicum thylakoid-bound ascorbate peroxidase gene (StAPX) was introduced into tobacco under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. Transformants were selected
for their ability to grow on medium containing kanamycin. RNA gel blot analysis confirmed that StAPX was transferred into the tobacco genome and StAPX was induced by salt and osmotic stresses in tomato leaves. Over-expression of StAPX in tobacco improved seed germination rate and elevated stress tolerance during post-germination development. Two transgenic
lines showed higher APX activity and accumulated less hydrogen peroxide than wild-type plants after stress treatments. The
photosynthetic rates, the root lengths, the fresh and dry weights of the transgenic lines were distinctly higher than those
of wild-type plants under stress conditions. Results indicated that the over-expression of StAPX had enhanced tolerance to salt stress and osmotic stress in transgenic tobacco plants. 相似文献
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Adrian R. N. E. Brüning Jürgen Bauer Bernhard Krems Karl-Dieter Entian B. A. Prior 《Archives of microbiology》1998,170(2):99-105
The screening of 20,000 Saccharomyces cerevisiae random mutants to identify genes involved in the osmotic stress response yielded 14 mutants whose growth was poor in the
presence of elevated concentrations of NaCl and glucose. Most of the mutant strains were more sensitive to NaCl than to glucose
at the equivalent water activity (aw) and were classified as salt-sensitive rather than osmosensitive. These mutants fell into 11 genetic complementation groups
and were designated osr1–osr11 (osmotic stress response). All mutations were recessive and showed a clear 2+ : 2– segregation of the salt-stress phenotype upon tetrad analysis when crossed to a wild-type strain. The complementation groups
osr1, osr5 and osr11 were allelic to the genes PBS2, GPD1 and KAR3, respectively. Whereas intracellular and extracellular levels of glycerol increased in the wild-type strains when exposed
to NaCl, all mutants demonstrated some increase in extracellular glycerol production upon salt stress, but a number of the
mutants showed little or no increase in intracellular glycerol concentrations. The mutants had levels of glycerol-3-phosphate
dehydrogenase, an enzyme induced by osmotic stress, either lower than or similar to those of the parent wild-type strain in
the absence of osmotic stress. In the presence of NaCl, the increase in glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in the
mutants did not match that of the parent wild-type strain. None of the mutants had defective ATPases or were sensitive to
heat stress. It is evident from this study and from others that a wide spectrum of genes is involved in the osmotic stress
response in S. cerevisiae.
Received: 5 January 1998 / Accepted: 24 March 1998 相似文献
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A novel zinc-finger-like gene from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Tamarix hispida</Emphasis> is involved in salt and osmotic tolerance 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In the present study, a zinc-finger-like cDNA (ThZFL) was cloned from the Tamarix hispida. Northern blot analysis showed that the expression of ThZFL can be induced by salt, osmotic stress and ABA treatment. Overexpression of the ThZFL confers salt and osmotic stress tolerance in both yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and tobacco. Furthermore, MDA levels in ThZFL transformed tobacco were significantly decreased compared with control plants under salt and osmotic stress, suggesting ThZFL may confer stress tolerance by decreasing membrane lipid peroxidation. Subcellular localization analysis showed the ThZFL
protein is localized in the cell wall. Our results indicated the ThZFL gene is an excellent candidate for genetic engineering to improve salt and osmotic tolerance in agricultural plants. 相似文献
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Supaporn Hasthanasombut Valentine Ntui Kanyaratt Supaibulwatana Masahiro Mii Ikuo Nakamura 《Plant biotechnology reports》2010,4(1):75-83
Glycine betaine has been reported as an osmoprotectant compound conferring tolerance to salinity and osmotic stresses in plants.
We previously found that the expression of betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 gene (OsBADH1), encoding a key enzyme for glycine betaine biosynthesis pathway, showed close correlation with salt tolerance of rice. In
this study, the expression of the OsBADH1 gene in transgenic tobacco was investigated in response to salt stress using a transgenic approach. Transgenic tobacco plants
expressing the OsBADH1 gene were generated under the control of a promoter from the maize ubiquitin gene. Three homozygous lines of T2 progenies with single transgene insert were chosen for gene expression analysis. RT-PCR and western blot analysis results
indicated that the OsBADH1 gene was effectively expressed in transgenic tobacco leading to the accumulation of glycine betaine. Transgenic lines demonstrated
normal seed germination and morphology, and normal growth rates of seedlings under salt stress conditions. These results suggest
that the OsBADH1 gene could be an excellent candidate for producing plants with osmotic stress tolerance. 相似文献
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Huini Xu Kunzhi Li Fengjuan Yang Qinghua Shi Xiufeng Wang 《Molecular biology reports》2010,37(7):3157-3163
In this research, biological function of CsNMAPK, encoding a mitogen-activated protein kinase of cucumber, was investigated under salt and osmotic stresses. Northern blot
analysis showed that the expression of CsNMAPK was induced by salt and osmotic stresses in the cucumber root. In order to determine whether CsNMAPK was involved in plant tolerance to salt and osmotic stresses, transgenic tobacco plants constitutively overexpressing CsNMAPK were generated. Northern and Western blot analysis showed that strong signals were detected in the RNA and protein samples
extracted from transgenic lines, whereas no signal was detected in the wild type tobacco, indicating that CsNMAPK was successfully transferred into tobacco genome and overexpressed. The results of seed germination showed that germination
rates of transgenic lines were significantly higher than wild type under high salt and osmotic stresses. In addition, seed
growth of transgenic lines was much better than wild type under salt and osmotic stresses. These results indicated that overexpression
of CsNMAPK positively regulated plant tolerance to salt and osmotic stresses. 相似文献
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Overexpression of the Malus hupehensis MhNPR1 gene increased tolerance to salt and osmotic stress in transgenic tobacco 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ji-Yu Zhang Shen-Chun Qu Yu-Shan Qiao Zhen Zhang Zhong-Ren Guo 《Molecular biology reports》2014,41(3):1553-1561
Earlier, we have reported that overexpression of Malus hupehensis Non-expressor of pathogenesis related gene 1 (MhNPR1) gene in tobacco could induce the expression of pathogenesis-related genes and enhance resistance to fungus Botrytis cinerea. In this study, we showed that MhNPR1 can be induced by NaCl, PEG6000, low temperature (4 °C), abscisic acid and apple aphids’ treatments in M. hupehensis. Heterogonous expression of MhNPR1 gene in tobacco conferred enhanced resistance to NaCl at the stage of seed germination, and conferred resistance to mannitol at the stage of seed germination and to PEG6000 at the stage of seedlings. Furthermore, overexpression of MhNPR1 in transgenic tobacco led to higher expression levels of osmotic-stress related genes compared with wild-type plants. This was the first report of a novel function of NPR1 that overexpression of MhNPR1 gene has a positive effect on salt and osmotic stress in tobacco, which differs from the function that overexpressing of AtNPR1 gene has a negative effect on dehydration and salt stress in rice. 相似文献
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B. KARAKAS P. OZIAS-AKINS C. STUSHNOFF M. SUEFFERHELD M. RIEGER 《Plant, cell & environment》1997,20(5):609-616
Tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum L.) were transformed with a mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase gene resulting in mannitol accumulation. Experiments were conducted to determine whether mannitol provides salt and/or drought stress protection through osmotic adjustment. Non-stressed transgenic plants were 20–25% smaller than non-stressed, non-transformed (wild-type) plants in both salinity and drought experiments. However, salt stress reduced dry weight in wild-type plants by 44%, but did not reduce the dry weight of transgenic plants. Transgenic plants adjusted osmotically by 0.57 MPa, whereas wild-type plants did not adjust osmotically in response to salt stress. Calculations of solute contribution to osmotic adjustment showed that mannitol contributed only 0-003-0-004 MPa to the 0.2 MPa difference in full turgor osmotic potential (πo) between salt-stressed transgenic and wild-type plants. Assuming a cytoplasmic location for mannitol and that the cytoplasm constituted 5% of the total water volume, mannitol accounted for only 30–40% of the change in πo of the cytoplasm. Inositol, a naturally occurring polyol in tobacco, accumulated in response to salt stress in both transgenic and wild-type plants, and was 3-fold more abundant than mannitol in transgenic plants. Drought stress reduced the leaf relative water content, leaf expansion, and dry weight of transgenic and wild-type plants. However, πo was not significantly reduced by drought stress in transgenic or wild-type plants, despite an increase in non-structural carbohydrates and mannitol in droughted plants. We conclude that (1) mannitol was a relatively minor osmolyte in transgenic tobacco, but may have indirectly enhanced osmotic adjustment and salt tolerance; (2) inositol cannot substitute for mannitol in this role; (3) slower growth of the transgenic plants, and not the presence of mannitol per se, may have been the cause of greater salt tolerance, and (4) mannitol accumulation was enhanced by drought stress but did not affect πo or drought tolerance. 相似文献
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Guiping Diao Yucheng Wang Chao Wang Chuanping Yang 《Plant Molecular Biology Reporter》2011,29(1):77-87
Plant glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are involved in protecting plants against both diverse biotic and abiotic stresses. In the present study,
a novel GST gene (LbGST1) was cloned from Limonium bicolor (Bunge) Kuntze (Plumbaginaceae). To characterize its function in salt tolerance, tobacco lines transformed with LbGST1 were generated. Compared with wild-type (WT) tobacco, transgenic plants overexpressing LbGST1 exhibited both GST and glutathione peroxidase activities. Moreover, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase (POD), and catalase
activities in transgenic plants were significantly higher than those in WT plants, particularly when grown under conditions
of salt stress. Similarly, levels of proline in transgenic plants were also higher than those in WT plants grown under NaCl
stress conditions. Whereas, Malondialdehyde contents in transgenic plants were lower than those in WT plants under NaCl conditions.
Furthermore, Na+ content in transgenic plants was lower than that in WT plants under these stress conditions. Subcellular localization analysis
revealed that the LbGST1 protein was localized in the nucleus. These results suggested that overexpression of LbGST1 gene can affect many physiological processes associated with plant salt tolerance. Therefore, we hypothesize that LbGST1 gene can mediate many physiological pathways that enhance stress resistance in plants. 相似文献
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The suadea salsa full-length S-adenosylmethionine synthetase (SsSAMS2) was introduced into tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. The gene transformation and expression in tobacco were confirmed by PCR, RT-PCR and Northern blotting
analysis. Several transgenic lines (ST lines) overexpressing SsSAMS2 gene under the control of cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter showed more seeds number and weight, and accumulated higher
free total polyamines (PAs) than wild-type plants (WT lines) and transformants with blank vector (BT lines). Salt stress-induced
damage was attenuated in these transgenic plants, in the symptom of maintaining higher photosynthetic rate and biomass. These
results that the transgenic plants overexpressing suadea salsa SAMS2 are more tolerant to salt stress than wild-type plants suggest that PAs may play an important role in contributing salt tolerance
to plants. 相似文献
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该研究以纤枝短月藓为材料,利用RT-PCR和HiTail-PCR技术分别克隆得到纤枝短月藓LEA5基因的ORF和启动子序列,并进行生物信息学、基因表达及耐盐性分析,为进一步研究LEA5蛋白的保护机制奠定基础。结果显示:(1)LEA5基因包含267 bp的开放阅读框(ORF),编码88个氨基酸。(2)LEA5基因启动子序列为1 053 bp,利用PlantCARE在线工具预测顺式作用元件显示,该启动子不仅具有典型的CAAT box元件,还含有ABRE、MYB、MYC、MYB结合位点(MBS)等其他元件。(3)荧光定量分析表明,LEA5基因在纤枝短月藓不同时期和不同组织中都有表达。(4)LEA5蛋白的异源表达提高了大肠杆菌对盐胁迫的耐受性,表明LEA5蛋白可能在耐盐性中起重要作用。 相似文献
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Gu Ruisheng Liu Qiunlu Pei Dong Jiang Xiangning 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2004,78(3):261-265
Tolerance of Populus euphratica suspended cells to ionic and osmotic stresses implemented respectively by NaCl and PEG (6000) was characterized by monitoring
cell growth, morphological features, ion compartmentation and polypeptide patterns. The cells grew and proliferated when submitted
to stresses of 137 mM NaCl or 250 g l−1 PEG, and survived at 308 mM of NaCl, showing tolerance to saline and particularly osmotic stress. They were resistant to
plasmolysis and had dense cytoplasms, large nuclei and nucleoli, and evident cytoplasmic strands under high saline and osmotic
stress. The sequestration of Cl− into the vacuoles was observed in the cells stressed with 137 and 223 mM NaCl. The cellular protein profile was modified
by high salt and osmotic stress and showed 28 kDa polypeptides up-regulated by both NaCl and PEG, and 66 and 25 kDa polypeptides
up-regulated only by high NaCl stress. The salt tolerance of P. euphratica cells might be related to their capacity of adapting to higher osmotic stress by maintaining cell integrity, sequestrating
Cl− into vacuoles and modulating polypeptides that reflect cellular metabolic adaptations. 相似文献