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1.
Background and Aims
Formation of calcium oxalate crystals is common in the plant kingdom, but biogenic formation of calcium sulfate crystals in plants is rare. We investigated the morphologies and elemental compositions of crystals found in phyllodes and branchlets of Acacia robeorum, a desert shrub of north-western Australia.Methods
Morphologies of crystals in phyllodes and branchlets of A. robeorum were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and elemental compositions of the crystals were identified by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Distributional patterns of the crystals were studied using optical microscopy together with SEM.Key Results
According to the elemental compositions, the crystals were classified into three groups: (1) calcium oxalate; (2) calcium sulfate, which is a possible mixture of calcium sulfate and calcium oxalate with calcium sulfate being the major component; and (3) calcium sulfate · magnesium oxalate, presumably mixtures of calcium sulfate, calcium oxalate, magnesium oxalate and silica. The crystals were of various morphologies, including prisms, raphides, styloids, druses, crystal sand, spheres and clusters. Both calcium oxalate and calcium sulfate crystals were observed in almost all tissues, including mesophyll, parenchyma, sclerenchyma (fibre cells), pith, pith ray and cortex; calcium sulfate · magnesium oxalate crystals were only found in mesophyll and parenchyma cells in phyllodes.Conclusions
The formation of most crystals was biologically induced, as confirmed by studying the crystals formed in the phyllodes from seedlings grown in a glasshouse. The crystals may have functions in removing excess calcium, magnesium and sulfur, protecting the plants against herbivory, and detoxifying aluminium and heavy metals. 相似文献2.
Michael A. Forster Rhiannon L. Dalrymple Stephen P. Bonser 《Trees - Structure and Function》2016,30(6):2051-2059
Key message
The Acacia phyllode leaf form is hypothesised to be an adaptation to drought. However, in this experiment, the timing of phyllode development was not related to a low water treatment.Abstract
Acacia species have markedly different leaf forms known as compound leaves, transitional leaves, and phyllodes, also known as heteroblastic development. The different leaf types are thought to confer an advantage under varying moisture regimes, with phyllodes favoured in drier conditions. The hypothesis that phyllodes develop earlier under low water treatment was tested in this experiment. Three watering level treatments (100, 50, and 25 %) were imposed on seedlings of A. implexa to assess developmental traits (leaf emergence, initial onset of transitional leaves, and phyllodes), biomass allocation patterns (root, stem, compound leaf area/mass, transitional leaf area/mass, and phyllode area/mass), and leaf anatomy traits (epidermis, palisade and spongy mesophyll, and stomatal density). Across watering treatments, there was no difference in the developmental onset of transitional leaves or phyllodes (produced at the 6th and 9th nodes, respectively). Under low watering treatment, there was a decrease in stem height per unit stem diameter, shorter internodes, and greater allocation of biomass to roots. There was no significant difference in leaf anatomy traits. Under the low watering treatment, there was less compound leaf area and mass due to leaf shedding. In this experiment, the low watering treatment did not favour phyllode development at the expense of compound leaf development. Rather, it was found that A. implexa responds to a low water treatment similarly to many other plant species: increased allocation to roots, increased stem area per unit stem height, decrease in leaf area through senescence of older leaves, and lower relative growth rates.3.
Quantitative relationship between synonymous codon usage bias and GC composition across unicellular genomes 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Background
Codon usage bias has been widely reported to correlate with GC composition. However, the quantitative relationship between codon usage bias and GC composition across species has not been reported. 相似文献4.
Malgorzata Szczepańska Przemyslaw Wirstlein Jana Skrzypczak Pawe? P Jagodziński 《Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E》2012,10(1):1
Background
A decrease in HOXA11 expression in eutopic mid-secretory endometrium has been found in women with endometriosis-associated infertility. 相似文献5.
Kim SY Servi A Polinski JM Mogun H Weinblatt ME Katz JN Solomon DH 《Arthritis research & therapy》2011,13(1):R32
Introduction
Health care utilization databases have been increasingly used for studies of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the accuracy of RA diagnoses in these data has been inconsistent. 相似文献6.
Background
Whether MHC molecules undergo concerted evolution or not has been the subject of a long-standing debate. 相似文献7.
Mark van den Boogaard Rachel PL van Swelm Frans GM Russel Suzanne Heemskerk Johannes G van der Hoeven Rosalinde Masereeuw Peter Pickkers 《Proteome science》2011,9(1):13
Background
Suitable biomarkers associated with the development of delirium are still not known. Urinary proteomics has successfully been applied to identify novel biomarkers associated with various disease states, but its value has not been investigated in delirium patients. 相似文献8.
Marcin Olszewski Anna Grot Marek Wojciechowski Marta Nowak Małgorzata Mickiewicz Józef Kur 《BMC microbiology》2010,10(1):260
Background
In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in SSBs because they find numerous applications in diverse molecular biology and analytical methods. 相似文献9.
Background
The cationic peptide antibiotic polymyxin has recently been reevaluated in the treatment of severe infections caused by gram negative bacteria. 相似文献10.
Panagiotis Agouridakis Despina Kyriakou Michael G Alexandrakis Athanasios Prekates Kostas Perisinakis Nikolaos Karkavitsas Demosthenes Bouros 《Respiratory research》2002,3(1):25
Background
The predictive role of many cytokines and adhesion molecules has not been studied systematically in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). 相似文献11.
Background
Cell differentiation has long been theorized to represent a switch in a bistable system, and recent experimental work in micro-organisms has revealed bistable dynamics in small gene regulatory circuits. However, the dynamics of mammalian cell differentiation has not been analyzed with respect to bistability. 相似文献12.
Masaaki Tanaka Norihiro Sadato Tomohisa Okada Kei Mizuno Tetsuya Sasabe Hiroki C Tanabe Daisuke N Saito Hirotaka Onoe Hirohiko Kuratsune Yasuyoshi Watanabe 《BMC neurology》2006,6(1):9
Background
Although the neural mechanism of chronic fatigue syndrome has been investigated by a number of researchers, it remains poorly understood. 相似文献13.
14.
Armando J Pinho Paulo JSG Ferreira Sara P Garcia João MOS Rodrigues 《BMC bioinformatics》2009,10(1):137-11
Background
The problem of finding the shortest absent words in DNA data has been recently addressed, and algorithms for its solution have been described. It has been noted that longer absent words might also be of interest, but the existing algorithms only provide generic absent words by trivially extending the shortest ones. 相似文献15.
Jin-Xiang Yuan Li-Juan Xiao Cui-Ling Lu Xue-Sen Zhang Tao Liu Min Chen Zhao-Yuan Hu Fei Gao Yi-Xun Liu 《Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E》2009,7(1):23-10
Background
Heat shock proteins (Hsps) are a set of highly conserved proteins, Hsp105, has been suggested to play a role in reproduction. 相似文献16.
Valeria Edefonti Francesca Bravi Katherine Turner Ettore Beghi Maria Paola Canevini Monica Ferraroni Ada Piazzini 《BMC neurology》2011,11(1):33
Background
The potential effect of age-related factors on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of patients with epilepsy has rarely been analyzed in the literature. 相似文献17.
18.
Background
It has been proposed that the use of gene expression microarrays in nonrecombinant parental or congenic strains can accelerate the process of isolating individual genes underlying quantitative trait loci (QTL). However, the effectiveness of this approach has not been assessed. 相似文献19.