The Role of Research in Fisheries Management: The Conservation of Dolphins in the Eastern Tropical Pacific and the Exploitation of Southern Bluefin Tuna in the Southern Ocean

This article uses two case studies to assess the role of research in policy formation and fishery management. One study focuses on measures to limit the mortality of dolphins taken when tuna are harvested in the eastern tropical Pacific. The other studies measures taken to limit harvests of Southern Bluefin Tuna. Both of these fisheries involve fugitive resources and transboundary resources spreading across both national exclusive economic zones and the high seas. Both fisheries were initially based on open access, but public policy has led to greater exclusive use through individual transferable quotas for Southern Bluefin Tuna and dolphin mortality limits. A number of policy conclusions are drawn.     

Missing Links: A Commentary on Ward H. Goodenough's Moving Article "Anthropology in the 20th Century and Beyond"

Ward H. Goodenough's optimistic summary of anthropological knowledge during the 20th century leaves missing links around the inevitable political and processual nature of the discipline. Conflict within the discipline and response to public events also are part of the story. Effects of the Cold War highlight the relations of knowledge and power in anthropological practice. Common humanity remains the focal point of anthropology. [Keywords: U.S. anthropology, 20th century, complexity, world events, reflexivity]     

The world is not inhabited by schematic patterns: Reply to the article by Z.S. Kaufman

In this reply to Z.S. Kaufman’s article Some Problems of Regressive Evolution, sedentary and parasitic modes of life are regarded as evolutionary strategies requiring morphological and functional rearrangements of organs, systems of organs, and the structure of the body as a whole that are not regressive. First of all, this applies to adaptations to sedentary life. Regress and degradation of parasitic forms take place only at the last stages of evolution, in parasites living in body cavities and tissues.     

The Pattern of Helping in the Bell Miner Revisited: A Reply to Jamieson and Craig

Jamieson & Craig (1987) have argued that the feeding of nestlings by nonparental birds may simply be an unselected consequence of delayed dispersal in cooperatively breeding birds in which philopatric individuals are responding to the stimulus of begging young in their vicinity (see also Jamieson 1986, 1989). Jamieson & Craig (1990) recently criticized my attempt to examine what they describe as this “unselected” hypothesis of Williams (1966) and several selectionist (or adaptive) hypotheses for the current utility of helping behaviour in the bell miner (Manorina melanophrys) (Clarke 1989). In this paper I address specific issues raised by Jamieson & Craig (1990), especially whether the unselected hypothesis is an adequate explanation of the pattern of helping in the bell miner. I will also attempt to highlight the difficulty of formulating specific predictions from the unselected hypothesis and the apparent ease with which it can be modified to accommodate departures from its general predictions.