酿酒酵母生物合成胞磷胆碱的条件优化

通过优化胞磷胆碱底物浓度的发酵条件,提高酿酒酵母发酵菌浓及胞磷胆碱转化率.分别以胞苷酸、磷酸胆碱、硫酸镁和乙醇等底物和反应关联物质诱导酿酒酵母,采用单因素变量实验优化发酵条件.优化后,酿酒酵母C401菌株摇瓶培养的菌浓为70 g/L,胞磷胆碱转化率为53.3％,比诱导前提高了33.5％.30 L发酵中菌浓可达90.5 g/L,胞磷胆碱转化率为59％.     

苦参种子深加工过程油脂类副产物发酵产灵菌红素的研究

为提升苦参资源的利用效率,本研究以苦参种子提取生物碱过程中产生的副产物油脂类物质为研究对象,筛选可利用苦参种子废弃油脂生产灵菌红素的菌株并优化其发酵工艺。利用UPLC-Q-TOF-MS /MS对纯化后的发酵产物进行分析,并通过单因素考察和响应面优化获得菌株利用苦参种子油发酵产灵菌红素的最佳工艺参数。筛选到的菌株经形态和16S rDNA测序鉴定为粘质沙雷氏菌,并命名为粘质沙雷氏菌L9。优化的最佳发酵工艺条件为:苦参种子油、牛肉膏和氯化钙的最佳浓度分别为13 g/L、9.5 g/L及0.3 g/L,温度30℃;在最佳发酵工艺条件下,灵菌红素最高产量约为317.21 mg/L,产率提高约3.2倍。本研究以苦参种子深加工过程产生的副产物为研究对象,对其油脂类成分进行资源化利用研究,在有效处置苦参种子固废物的同时产生灵菌红素高附加值产品,为以种子类药材深加工过程固废物的资源化利用提供了借鉴。     

一株病原拮抗野生菌株的筛选、鉴定及其发酵工艺优化

为获得广谱抗菌功能野生菌株并提高其发酵产物中抗菌物质的含量。采用管碟法和菌丝生长速率法筛选功能菌株,ITS序列分析鉴定功能菌株,通过响应面法和正交设计优化发酵生产抗菌物质的工艺。筛选到一株强效、广谱抗菌功能菌株,鉴定为Cerrena sp.,其发酵产物对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、白色念珠菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和水稻纹枯病菌有显著拮抗作用。该菌株的摇甁发酵配方及培养条件为：马铃薯13.99 g/L,蔗糖 41.58 g/L,VB1 0.027 g/L,麸皮7 g/L,KH₂PO₄ 2 g/L,MgSO₄·7H₂O 2 g/L;摇床温度28 ℃、发酵周期10 d、种龄4 d、接种量8%、初始pH为5.0、装液量110 ml/250 ml。该菌株有明显抑菌活性,发酵工艺优化后抗菌活性提高了30.37%,为该菌株今后的应用、抗菌剂的分离提纯和产业化提供了实验依据。     

红酵母NZ-01发酵条件的优化

以红酵母菌株NZ-01为试验菌株,研究其发酵工艺与中试生产。采用摇瓶发酵优化的方式,研究培养基组分与发酵工艺条件对该菌发酵的影响,并进行中试放大生产。结果显示,该菌最适生长培养基组分为葡萄糖10g/L,蔗糖10g/L,酵母膏10g/L,牛肉膏2.5g/L;色素合成最适培养基组分为葡萄糖15g/L,蔗糖10g/L,酵母膏2.5g/L,牛肉膏5g/L。最适生长起始pH值为6.0,最适接种量为8%,生长周期为44h;最适色素合成起始pH值为7.0,最适色素合成接种量为8%,色素合成周期为48h。发酵优化后的色素产量3.88μg/mL较优化前1.71μg/mL提高了127%。中试产量达3.05μg/mL。红酵母菌NZ-01优化后的发酵条件可以应用于中试生产虾青素,有规模化生产应用潜力。     

耐盐性毒死蜱降解菌HY-1 的产酶培养基及发酵条件优化

为了明确生化处理和微生物降解的关系,通过增加耐盐菌的比例可以提高农药废水生化处理效果。从农药厂废水中分离到1株耐盐性毒死蜱降解菌——蜡状芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus HY-1),以从该菌中提取到的降解酶比活力为指标,进行产酶培养基和发酵条件的优化研究。通过单一因素试验和正交试验,对细菌HY-1的产酸培养基和发酵条件进行了优化。运用SPSS软件进行结果分析,所获优化培养基配方为:葡萄糖6.0 g/L,胰蛋白胨2.2 g/L,K2HPO4 2.0 g/L,KH2PO4 0.2 g/L,MgSO4.7H2O 0.1 g/L,NaCl 0.1 g/L和微量元素溶液2 mL/L。得到菌株发酵培养的最佳优化条件为:种子液培养时间为16 h,发酵培养时间为18 h,接种量为1%(V/V),发酵培养基初始pH值为7.0。氯化钠浓度为0?30 g/L时降解酶比活力不受影响,这是已报道的耐盐性最强的一株毒死蜱降解菌。     

星形孢菌素产生菌H41-38的发酵工艺条件

本研究对菌株H41-38发酵生产星形孢菌素的工艺进行了研究.结果表明:30℃、96h为菌株摇瓶培养最适条件.玉米淀粉和酵母粉为最适碳、氮源.采用Fractional factorial design方法确定培养基成分的重要因子:酵母粉和粗盐,然后利用爬坡路径试验和响应面分析法优化了发酵效价取得最大值时酵母粉和粗盐含量,发酵效价最大理论值为252.31μg/mL,摇瓶实测值为251.28μg/mL,其发酵水平比优化前提高了4.33倍.在30L发酵罐(300r/min、30℃、V空气=10L/min～15L/min)中扩大培养84h后发酵效价达到286.44μg/mL,比摇瓶培养效价提高了45.16μg/mL,其发酵参数变化曲线可指导生产罐的应用生产.     

核糖醇发酵工艺研究

目的:研究球头三型孢菌Trichosporonoides oedocephalis ATCC 16958发酵生产核糖醇的工艺.方法:采用摇瓶发酵优化的方式,探索培养基组份及三羧酸循环抑制剂对该菌生长及发酵生产核糖醇的影响,并在7L发酵罐中对优化的条件进行发酵验证.结果:对于核糖醇生产,葡萄糖和酵母膏分别是最佳的碳源和氮源,当葡萄糖浓度为20%时,核糖醇产量为38.60g/L.以1%酵母膏为氮源时,核糖醇浓度为37.82g/L.发酵24h添加0.2%的柠檬酸,核糖醇产量提高30.35%.采用摇瓶培养的优化条件,在7L发酵罐中发酵120h核糖醇产量为38.66g/L.结论:实验获得的优化条件可进一步用于指导生产.     

费氏丙酸菌维生素B_1营养缺陷型菌株的诱变选育

在丙酸发酵过程中,乙酸为主要副产物,维生素B1与乙酸合成途径相关,筛选维生素B1营养缺陷型突变株有助于降低乙酸的合成,提高丙酸的产量。以费氏丙酸菌IFFI.10019作为出发菌株,经过紫外线诱变处理,筛选育种获得维生素B1营养缺陷型费氏丙酸菌二株,其中Pf007菌株的丙酸产量由原来的1.1 g/L提高到2.1 g/L,提高率达到91%。     

响应面法优化纤维堆囊菌SoF5-76产埃博霉素B发酵培养基

以纤维堆囊菌SOF5-76为试验菌株,用响应面分析法对其产埃博霉素B的培养基进行优化,以提高埃博霉素B的产量。在单因素试验的基础上,利用Plackett-Burman筛选出对埃博霉素B产量有显著影响的3个因素为马铃薯淀粉、脱脂奶粉和无水氯化钙,在此基础上通过最陡爬坡试验逼近最佳响应面区域;再运用Box-Behnken试验设计和响应面分析法进行回归分析,确定重要因素的最优浓度。得到最佳发酵培养基为:马铃薯淀粉3.9 g/L、脱脂奶粉2.2 g/L、无水氯化钙1.3 g/L、葡萄糖1 g/L,豆饼粉1.5g/L,七水硫酸镁2.5 g/L,EDTA-Fe3+3 mL/L,微量元素(TE)0.5 mL/L,VB121 mL/L。在此最优条件下发酵埃博霉素B的产量为29.95 mg/L,与模型预测值接近,发酵产量比优化前提高了1.1倍。     

猪源屎肠球菌WEI-9的高密度培养

目的对分离自健康仔猪肠道的屎肠球菌(Enterococcus faecium)WEI-9的高密度发酵培养基进行响应面优化,为菌株WEI-9的工业化生产奠定基础。方法首先采用单因素试验确定最适高密度发酵培养基的碳源和氮源,随后采用Plackett-Burman设计筛选出影响菌株WEI-9发酵活菌数的显著因素,利用最陡爬坡试验得出显著因素逼近最大活菌数产量的响应区域,最后应用Box-Behnken设计和响应面分析法确定显著影响因子的最佳浓度。结果优化后的最适高密度发酵培养基成分和配比为:乳清粉21.34 g/L,蛋白胨21.94 g/L,Na AC·3H2O 5 g/L,柠檬酸铵2 g/L,K2HPO4·3H2O 2 g/L,Mg SO4·7H2O 0.2 g/L,Mn SO4·H2O 0.05 g/L,吐温-80 1 g/L,发酵液最高活菌数达到1.6×109CFU/m L,是相同条件下MRS培养基中活菌数的1.98倍。结论本研究实现了猪源屎肠球菌(Enterococcus faecium)WEI-9的高密度培养。     

Knockout of a highly GC-rich gene in Burkholderia pyrrocinia by recombineering with freeze-thawing transformation

Genetic transformation is a valuable and essential method that provides powerful insights into the gene function of microorganisms and contributes to the construction of engineered bacteria. Here, we developed a novel genetic transformation system to easily knock out a highly GC-rich gene (74.71% GC) from Burkholderia pyrrocinia JK-SH007, a biocontrol strain of poplar canker disease. This system revealed a reliable selectable marker (trimethoprim resistance gene, Tmp) and a simplified, efficient transformation method (6,363.64 CFU/μg, pHKT2) that was developed via freeze-thawing. The knockout recombineering of B. pyrrocinia JK-SH007 was achieved through a suicide plasmid with a three-fragment mutagenesis construct. The three-fragment cassette for mutagenesis was generated by overlap extension and touchdown PCRs and composed of Tmp flanked by GC-rich upstream and downstream fragments from B. pyrrocinia JK-SH007. The mutant strain (ΔBpEG), which was verified by PCR, lost 93.3% of its ability to degrade carboxymethyl cellulose over 40 days. Overall, this system may contribute to future research on B. pyrrocinia traits.     

4-氯乙酰乙酸乙酯羰基还原酶产生菌的筛选及产酶条件研究

从实验室保藏的菌株中,筛选到一株立体选择性较高的产4-氯乙酰乙酸乙酯(COBE)羰基还原酶的菌株———出芽短梗霉(Aureobasidiumpullulans)SW0202,菌体产酶条件研究表明,最佳的发酵培养基配方为:麦芽糖30.0g/L,酵母膏20.0g/L,蛋白胨3.0g/L,(NH4)2SO45.0g/L,KH2PO42.0g/L,MgSO4.7H2O0.7g/L,最适发酵温度及初始pH分别为:28°C和pH6.0。该菌在此条件下发酵培养24h,产菌丝体生物量16.78g干菌体/L,COBE羰基还原酶酶活力达到1007U/L。在COBE的转化反应中,产物S-CHBE的浓度达到10.12g/L,光学纯度>97%e.e.。     

休哈塔假丝酵母HDYXHT-01利用木糖生产乙醇的发酵工艺优化

采用Plackett-Burman (PB) 方法和中心组合设计 (Ccentral composit design,CCD) 对休哈塔假丝酵母Candida shehataeHDYXHT-01利用木糖发酵生产乙醇的工艺进行优化。PB试验设计与分析结果表明：硫酸铵、磷酸二氢钾、酵母粉和接种量是影响木糖乙醇发酵的4个关键因素,以乙醇产量为响应目标,采用CCD和响应面分析法 (Response surface methodology,RSM),确定了木糖乙醇发酵的最佳工艺为：硫酸铵1.73 g/L、磷酸二氢钾3.56 g/L、酵母粉2.62 g/L和接种量5.66％,其他发酵条件为：木糖80 g/L,MgSO4·7H2O 0.1 g/L,pH 5.0,培养温度30 ℃,装液量100 mL/250 mL,摇床转速140 r/min,发酵时间48 h,在该条件下发酵液中乙醇产量可以达到26.18 g/L,比未优化前提高了1.15倍。     

Identification and characterization of a new naringinase-producing strain, Williopsis californica Jmudeb007

A new naringinase-producing strain, Jmudeb007 was indentified by means of morphological observation, gene homogeneous analysis and physiological and biochemical test. Its characteristics in expressing naringinase were investigated by batch culture in 7 L fermentors. Jmudeb007 grown white, circular, convex, and smooth edged colonies, and single, oval-shaped and nucleus contained cells. Its gene sequences of 26S rDNA D1/D2 region and 5.8S rDNA-ITS region both showed homogeneities at 99% to Williopsis californica. It appeared positive in glucose fermentation test, negative in urease test and diazo blue B (DBB) test. Strain Jmudeb007 was identified to W. californica. Cultivation of Jmudeb007 with three media containing different amount of glucose showed it was capable of expressing naringinase which hydrolyze naringin to naringenin. The naringinase synthesis of Jmudeb007 was regulated by glucose which depended on the concentration. Jumdeb007 could express naringinase in medium containing glucose no more than 4 g/L. The present work provides a new source of naringinase, W. californica Jmudeb007, which is non-pathogenic, convenient to conduct breeding operation, easy to develop fermentation process. It is the first report about yeast that can produce naringinase, which help to explore naringinase and other glycosidase from yeast.     

海洋来源链霉菌MY0504产纤溶酶的发酵条件优化

【目的】以发酵液纤溶酶活力为指标,优化海洋来源的链霉菌菌株MY0504的发酵条件。【方法】在菌株生长曲线及单因素试验基础上,采用Plackett-Burman设计筛选影响纤溶酶活性的主要因素,进一步用最陡爬坡试验及Box-Behnken中心组合设计法优化发酵条件。【结果】纤溶酶活性最高的发酵条件为:葡萄糖21.68 g/L,酵母粉25.31 g/L,NaCl5.0 g/L,K_2HPO_4·3H_2O3.0 g/L,MgSO_4·7H_2O 0.5 g/L,FeSO_4·7H_2O 0.02 g/L,装液量50 mL(250 mL摇瓶),接种量10%(体积比),初始pH 7.5,温度24°C,转速200 r/min,培养时间4.5 d。发酵液纤溶酶活性可达2 190.6 U/mL。【结论】确定了MY0504菌株产纤溶酶的最优发酵条件,为该酶的进一步分离纯化及性质研究奠定基础。     

一株拜氏梭菌利用甘蔗废糖蜜发酵生产丙酮丁醇

以甘蔗废糖蜜作为原料,利用Clostridium beijerinckii DSM 6422菌株进行丙酮丁醇发酵的初步研究.结果表明:采用H2SO4预处理糖蜜,初糖质量浓度60 g/L,(NH4)2SO4 2g/L,CaCO3 10 g/L,温度30℃,pH 5.5～7.0,接种量6％(体积分数),在5L发酵罐中发酵培养96 h,总溶剂产量为16.17 g/L,其中丁醇质量浓度为10.07 g/L,总溶剂产率为30.2％,糖利用率为89.3％.     

一株高产Monacolin K紫红曲霉菌株筛选、鉴定及发酵条件优化

为从天然发酵红曲米中分离的30株红曲霉菌株中筛选高产MonacolinK的菌株,并对其产MonacolinK的发酵条件进行优化。实验采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)筛选到9株具有产MonacolinK能力的红曲霉菌株,其中以编号ZX26的菌株产MonacolinK能力最高,发酵液中Monacolin K产量达到107.6mg/L,并且产MonacolinK能力具有良好的稳定性。微生物形态学结合ITS基因同源性分析结果表明,编号ZX26菌株为紫红曲霉。进一步采用单因素试验和正交试验法优化紫红曲霉ZX26产MonacolinK的发酵条件,结果表明在培养基组分为葡萄糖70g/L,牛肉膏15g/L,NaNO32g/L,MgSO4·7H2O0.5g/L,KH2PO41.5g/L时,其最优发酵条件为:发酵初始pH4.0,接种量为7%,培养温度30℃,发酵10天,在此条件下,紫红曲霉ZX26发酵液中MonacolinK产量达到271.36mg/L,相对于培养条件优化前MonacolinK产量提高152.19%,经验证此培养条件下MonacolinK产量最佳。     

Isolation and characterization of a new Burkholderia pyrrocinia strain JK-SH007 as a potential biocontrol agent

Poplar canker is a kind of serious disease of poplar branches in China and all over the world. In China, the poplar canker is mainly caused by three pathogens of Cytospora chrysosperma, Phomopsis macrospora and Fusicoccum aesculi, which is hard to control. A collection of 1,013 bacterial isolates obtained from the poplar stems in 9 regions of China. Of all the strains tested, 13 bacterial isolates inhibiting three pathogens (C. chrysosperma, P. macrospora and F. aesculi) growth were selected, whose inhibition zone width were more than 15 mm. Strain JK-SH007 exhibited the most obvious antagonistic activity. Besides, this strain also produced extracellular hydrolytic enzymes (β-1, 3-glucanases, proteases and chitinases). This bacterium had no pathogenicity and was identified as Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) genomovar IX: B. pyrrocinia by the Biolog identification system combined with 16S rDNA and recA gene sequence analysis and morphological, physiological and biochemical methods characteristics. B. pyrrocinia JK-SH007 exhibited the highest biocontrol and colonization capabilities. After 3 months, plant height and ground diameter in poplar seedlings inoculated with JK-SH007 were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than in control (non-inoculated) plants. The selected B. cepacia isolate colonized poplar stems and leaves endophytically, promoting plant growth and suppressing pathogenic activities of C. chrysosperma, P. macrospora and F. aesculi on seedling of poplar. This is one of the few reports dealing with isolation and characterization of B. cepacia strains with biocontrol activity against the poplar canker. The endophytic isolate also has the potential to perform as plant growth promoter.     

响应面-满意度函数优化重组大肠杆菌产NMN转移酶发酵条件

重组大肠杆菌Escherichaia coli能高效表达NMN转移酶,以此为出发菌株,以菌体生长量OD600和NMN转移酶的活力为响应值,对重组大肠杆菌产NMN转移酶的发酵条件进行优化.首先以Plackett-Burman实验设计优化筛选出3个主要影响因子:胰蛋白胨、甘油、MgSO4;随后以Box-Behnken中心组合设计建立上述3个因子对OD600和NMN转移酶活力水平的数学模型;最后通过满意度函数获得最佳发酵条件为:酵母粉30 g/L,胰蛋白胨10.5 g/L,甘油3.49 mL/L,MgSO40.45 g/L,K2 HPO440.5 g/L,KH2 PO46.0 g/L,NH4 Cl 1.5 g/L,NaCl 0.6 g/L,接种量1.5%,诱导时间12 h.在该优化条件下,菌体生长和产酶水平均获得了显著的提升.重组NMN转移酶的活力水平从8.85 U/mg提高到15.48 U/mg,菌体生长量OD600从4.85提高到6.01,提高幅度分别为74.92%和23.92%.     

出芽短梗霉产聚苹果酸发酵条件的优化

【背景】出芽短梗霉可发酵葡萄糖生成聚苹果酸,但存在转化率和转化效率低等瓶颈,阻碍其实现商业化生产。【目的】通过优化发酵培养条件,提高出芽短梗霉的聚苹果酸产量、糖酸转化率和生产强度。【方法】采用单因素试验优化适宜出芽短梗霉BK-10菌株产生聚苹果酸的培养条件,通过Plackett-Burman法对培养基组分筛选显著性影响因素,并对其培养基中无机盐进行正交试验优化,最后进行5 L发酵罐验证。【结果】最优培养基配方和培养条件:100 g/L葡萄糖,1.5 g/L尿素,0.20 g/L KH_2PO_4,0.20 g/L ZnSO_4,0.05 g/L MgSO_4,0.75 g/L KCl,30 g/L CaCO_3,0.01%吐温-80,发酵温度26°C,250 mL摇瓶装液量50 mL。【结论】通过优化,聚苹果酸的糖酸转化率达到0.71 g/g,生产强度达到0.89 g/(L·h),较优化前分别提高了18.33%和71.15%,为发酵葡萄糖合成聚苹果酸进而生产L-苹果酸工艺的工业化生产奠定经济性基础。