铜污染旱地红壤的络合诱导植物修复作用

研究EDTA和低分子量有机酸对污染旱地红壤Cu形态变化及金属忍耐－富集型植物印度芥菜生长和Cu吸收的影响,以探讨Cu污染土壤的有机络合诱导植物吸取修复作用,结果表明,在芥菜营养生长旺盛期施用EDTA可显著提高土壤Cu的活性,土壤水浸提态Cu和交换态Cu均显著上升;这种活化效应随外加Cu浓度的上升和EDTA用量的增加而增大;柠檬酸和酸对土壤Cu的活化效应小,只对水浸提态Cu略有影响;EDTA可显著增加芥菜茎叶、根的Cu浓度和吸收量,等摩尔量柠檬酸和苹果酸对土壤铜形态变化和芥菜Cu吸收没有显著作用。     

土壤添加剂对蜈蚣草吸收转运铅、镉的影响

通过盆栽试验研究了磷酸二氢铵、柠檬酸与乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)对蜈蚣草在Pb-Cd复合污染的2种北方典型土壤(潮土和潮褐土)中吸收转运Pb、Cd的影响。结果表明,EDTA显著提高了蜈蚣草体内Pb的浓度与积累量,其中羽叶的Pb浓度在潮土与潮褐土中分别为对照的33.9和5.97倍,积累量分别为对照的9.22与1.18倍。EDTA也显著提高了蜈蚣草体内Cd的浓度,其中羽叶Cd的浓度分别为对照的9.16和2.40倍;而对Cd的积累无促进作用。磷酸二氢铵与柠檬酸在2种土壤中对蜈蚣草吸收富集Pb、Cd均无促进作用。此外,磷酸二氢铵显著促进了蜈蚣草的生长;而EDTA显著降低了蜈蚣草的生物量。本研究可为蜈蚣草应用于北方Pb-Cd复合污染土壤修复和应用土壤添加剂来提高其修复效率提供理论依据。     

铜污染对蚯蚓体重的影响与其铜富集特征

将简育湿润淋溶土和有机物料以体积分数1:1混合,加入硫酸铜模拟成Cu2+0～200mg/kg的污染土壤.投入赤子爱胜蚓,以研究铜污染对蚯蚓生长和铜富集特征的影响.结果表明:蚯蚓体重与土壤铜污染浓度呈抛物线关系,低浓度的铜对蚯蚓生长有促进作用,Cu2+浓度>60mg/kg时对其生长有抑制作用,超过100mg/kg后铜污染浓度提高与污染接触时间延长均会加剧抑制程度,严重时出现负增长.蚯蚓表皮及肠道中铜含量与其铜吸收总量都随外源铜浓度的增加与污染暴露时间的延长而增加,且铜在肠道的积累速率大于表皮.土壤中铜浓度增加时肠道铜向表皮脂肪系统的运输增加,各处理肠道中铜含量与表皮的比值都随着土壤中铜浓度的增加呈下降趋势,但随着时间的推移有所提高.蚯蚓对污染土壤铜的有较强的富集能力,在Cu2+200 mg/kg处理培养21d后,蚯蚓肠道的铜浓度是土壤环境铜浓度的2.65倍,铜富集总量达到最高值0.674 毫克每10条.该结果对于探讨蚯蚓在铜污染土壤的适应机理,提高其对污染土壤的修复能力有重要意义.     

有机酸对黄莒蒲镉、铜积累及生理特性的影响

应用有机酸辅助植物修复重金属污染以提高修复效率逐渐成为治理重金属污染的有效途径之一.采用溶液培养研究了外施乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)和柠檬酸2种有机酸对黄菖蒲(Iris pseudacorus L.)Cd、Cu积累及生理特性的影响.结果表明:不同浓度的EDTA和柠檬酸均增加了黄菖蒲对Cd、Cu的吸收,且提高了其向地上部运输2种重金属的能力,其中,柠檬酸对黄菖蒲吸收Cd的促进作用高于EDTA,EDTA对Cu吸收的促进效果优于柠檬酸;不同浓度EDTA和柠檬酸对黄菖蒲生长及生理特性的影响有所差异,5 mmol·L-1的EDTA及0.5和5 mmol·L-1的柠檬酸均使黄菖蒲干质量较对照有不同程度的下降,膜脂过氧化产物MDA含量明显增加,而0.5 mmol·L-1的EDTA不仅增加了黄菖蒲对Cd、Cu的积累,降低了植物的膜脂过氧化程度,还在植物生长方面起到一定的积极作用.     

有机螯合剂在芦苇富集转运铅中的作用

近年来,随着人口的激增和工农业生产的迅猛发展,土壤和水体的重金属污染日益加重。植物提取技术作为一种新兴的修复重金属污染的治理方法,以其潜在的高效、经济及其生态协调性等优势被广泛关注。其研究主要是利用对某些重金属具有超富集能力的超积累植物或耐性植物,配合添加一定量的鳌合剂来进行修复。由于超富集植物一般生长缓慢且生物量小,因此利用对重金属有一定耐性的生长快速、生物量大的植物来进行修复更具有广阔的应用前景。芦苇作为一种多年生禾本科植物,具有生物量大、耐受性强和分布广泛的特点,已经被研究和应用到环境治理的多个领域。本文通过户外盆栽沙培试验,研究了铅胁迫下,分别在 2-10 mmol·L-1共 5 个浓度梯度的 EDTA 和柠檬酸两种鳌合剂处理下,芦苇生长对铅的响应以及对铅在植物体内的富集转运的影响。初试结果表明∶在 4mmol·L-1 Pb(NO3)2胁迫下,施加 EDTA 对芦苇的生长具有一定的抑制作用。当 EDTA 浓度为 10 mmol·L-1 时,透灌 7 d 后,其芦苇根和地上部(茎和叶)干重分别是空白试验(未加螯合剂)的 68.0% 和 72.3%,而柠檬酸对植物生物量的影响较小。同时,EDTA 和柠檬酸对铅在芦苇体内的富集和转运,都起到了促进作用。分别施加 10 mmol·L-1的 EDTA 和柠檬酸,其植物根部和地上部的铅浓度分别为空白试验的 7.4 倍、10.7 倍、2.5 倍、3.5 倍。EDTA 在促进植物体内铅的吸收和从根部到地上部的转运效率方面要比柠檬酸更为有效。尽管像 EDTA 和柠檬酸这样的鳌合剂能够在一定程度上提高植物的富集效率,但考虑到螯合剂自身对植物的毒害性、对环境的潜在威胁以及运行成本等方面因素,目前,寻找高效、廉价、可生物降解的鳌合剂以及大生物量的耐性植物成为植物提取技术的研究重点。     

植物对土壤中铀的吸收与富集

核工业发展导致重金属铀排放和扩散,并造成了地表土壤的污染,对人类的生存环境产生了极其不利的影响。如何修复铀污染土壤成为亟待解决的问题。近年来发展起来的植物修复技术以其成本低廉、安全和环保的特点成为修复铀污染土壤的新选择。寻找理想的铀富集植物是这一技术的基础和关键。该文通过实验模拟铀污染的土壤（土壤中铀的浓度为100 mg.kg–1）,进行一次和二次铀污染土壤的植物修复后,从4个方面对植物修复铀污染土壤效果进行评估,即富集铀的浓度、生物提取量、生物富集系数（BFS）和转运系数（TFS）。实验结果表明：第1次修复时,四季香油麦菜（Lactuca dolichophylla）地上部富集铀的浓度为1.67×103 mg.kg–1,生物富集系数和转移系数均大于3;第2次修复时,麦冬（Ophiopogon japoni-cus）富集铀的浓度与第1次修复相比变化不大,而吊兰（Chlorophytum comosum）、四季豆（Phaseolus vulgaris）和艾蒿（Artemisia lavandulaefolia）富集铀的浓度与第1次修复相比均减少4–8倍;施加土壤改良剂鸡粪肥、海藻肥和柠檬酸后发现海藻肥和柠檬酸能够增强植物对铀污染土壤的修复;对两次修复土壤中铀的形态进行对比分析,发现二次修复时土壤中生物有效态铀的含量降低,造成第2次修复的难度增加。     

活化土壤重金属天然植物螯合剂的筛选

目前常用的化学合成的土壤重金属活化剂EDTA(乙二胺四乙酸)存在难降解、成本高等问题。选用3种天然植物叶子汁液[马尾松(Pinus massonianaLamb.)、湿地松(Pinus elliottiiEngelm)、酸藤果(Embelia LaetaL.Mez)],并与3种浓度(1.25、2.50、5.00mmol.L-1)的EDTA作对比,对采自广东清远市和乐昌市的二种铅锌矿废水污染水稻土(分别为酸性土壤和中性土壤)进行重金属活化试验,比较不同天然植物螯合剂对土壤重金属Cd、Pb、Zn的活化效率。结果表明,不同种类的植物汁液对土壤Cd、Pb和Zn的活化能力为:酸藤果湿地松马尾松。1∶1(鲜叶重∶蒸馏水重)提取的酸藤果汁液的活化能力显著高于其1∶2提取的汁液。天然植物螯合剂对Pb、Cd的活化能力明显低于EDTA,但对Zn的活化能力强,酸藤果1∶1汁液和湿地松1∶2汁液对酸性的酸性土壤活化量显著高于5.00mmol.L-1EDTA,其它天然植物螯合剂对Zn的活化量显著高于2.50mmol.L-1EDTA。植物汁液对中性土壤重金属的活化率通常较低。结果表明,酸藤果汁液是一种较有前途的天然植物螯合剂。     

有机酸对黄菖蒲镉、铜积累及生理特性的影响

应用有机酸辅助植物修复重金属污染以提高修复效率逐渐成为治理重金属污染的有效途径之一。采用溶液培养研究了外施乙二胺四乙酸（EDTA）和柠檬酸2种有机酸对黄菖蒲（Iris pseudacorus L．）Cd、Cu积累及生理特性的影响。结果表明：不同浓度的EDTA和柠檬酸均增加了黄菖蒲对Cd、Cu的吸收,且提高了其向地上部运输2种重金属的能力,其中,柠檬酸对黄菖蒲吸收cd的促进作用高于EDTA,EDTA对cu吸收的促进效果优于柠檬酸;不同浓度EDTA和柠檬酸对黄菖蒲生长及生理特性的影响有所差异,5mmol·L^-1的EDTA及0．5和5mmol·L^-1的柠檬酸均使黄菖蒲干质量较对照有不同程度的下降,膜脂过氧化产物MDA含量明显增加,而0．5mmol·L^-1的EDTA不仅增加了黄菖蒲对Cd、Cu的积累,降低了植物的膜脂过氧化程度,还在植物生长方面起到一定的积极作用。     

铜陵矿区土壤和油菜中铜的分布特征

采集铜陵市几个矿区周围土壤和油菜作物样品,研究了铜在矿区不同土壤及油菜中的分布特征.结果表明:铜陵矿区周边耕作土壤铜含量普遍较高;矿区周围残坡积母质上发育的旱作土壤和下游水稻土的污染较严重,而距矿区较远的潮土污染水平较低;水稻土与矿区周围残坡积母质上发育的旱作土壤全铜含量相近,前者的铜主要来自受污染的灌溉水并有着较高的生物有效性.3种类型土壤的有效铜与全铜含量均显著相关.供试土壤中铜的平均活化率(有效铜占全铜含量的百分比)为15.0%,且与土壤全铜和有机质含量呈正相关,与土壤pH和锰含量呈负相关.油菜籽和油菜秸秆中铜的平均含量分别为4.0和5.8mg.kg-1.当土壤中有效铜含量较低时,油菜中的铜含量随着土壤中有效铜含量增加而上升的趋势十分明显,当土壤中有效铜含量大于30mg.kg-1时,油菜作物吸收铜的能力下降,油菜富集铜的效率逐渐降低.     

芦竹修复镉汞污染湿地的研究

以湿土盆栽方法研究了芦竹在Cd和Hg污染模拟湿地中的富集能力及其在植株中的分布.结果表明,芦竹在101mg·kg^-1Hg污染环境中生长8个月后,对Hg的富集量是根系>茎>叶片,植物地上部分对Hg富集量为200±20mg·kg^-1DW;而在115mg·kg^-1Cd污染环境中生长8个月后,其对Cd的富集量是叶片>根系>茎,芦竹叶片对Cd的富集量在160±26mg·kg^-1DW.重金属在芦竹各器官内的含量随种植时间的延长而增加,8个月生长期富集量比4个月生长期富集量高30%～50%.芦竹生物富集系数(Bio concentrationfactorBCF)随土壤中重金属含量增加而减小.在污染土壤中,芦竹叶、茎对Hg的BCF为1.9和2.1、对Cd为1.5和0.3;在未受污染的空白对照湿土中(含Hg6.8mg·kg^-1,Cd8.5mg·kg^-1),芦竹叶、茎对Hg的BCF为6.8和12.2,对Cd为7.0和2.7,表明芦竹具有生物量大、根系发达、适应性强等特点,对Cd、Hg有较大富集量和较好的耐受性.     

铜污染土壤的生物修复研究进展

随着工业化与农业化进程的加快,土壤重金属污染问题日益突出。铜(Cu)既是生命体生长发育的必需微量元素,也是重金属污染物之一。土壤中过量的Cu不仅会对植物产生毒害,而且能够通过食物链的富集作用,对人类健康造成严重威胁。生物修复技术作为治理重金属污染土壤的一种新型技术受到广泛关注。文中对生物修复的主要技术如植物修复、微生物修复、植物-微生物联合修复、动物修复等在治理Cu污染土壤方面的研究进展进行综述,以期为重金属污染土壤有效治理和可持续农业的发展提供理论依据。     

Mycorrhizal infection of an Agrostis capillaris population on a copper contaminated soil

To investigate the possible natural development of heavy metal tolerance in VA-mycorrhizal fungi, plants of Agrostis capillaris from an uncontaminated, a copper-contaminated and a zinc/cadmium-contaminated area were examined for VA-mycorrhizal infection. During a period of 5 years (1987 to 1991) the plants of the copper-tolerant population were hardly infected, whereas the population on the uncontaminated soil showed a mean infection of nearly 60% and the zinc/cadmium-tolerant population of 40%. A detailed analysis of the surroundings of the copper-enriched site revealed the presence of VA-mycorrhizal fungi and a negative correlation between the infection rate of A. capillaris and the copper content of the soil. In contrast to the copper-contaminated soil, the abundant presence of VA-mycorrhizal fungi in the area contaminated by zinc and cadmium indicates that these fungi have evolved a zinc and cadmium tolerance and that they may play a role in the zinc and cadmium tolerance of A. capillaris.     

EDTA-Facilitated Phytoremediation of Soil with Heavy Metals from Sewage Sludge

The objective of this research was to determine the effect of the chelate EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid), which is used in phytoremediation, on plant availability of heavy metals in liquid sewage sludge applied to soil. Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) was grown under greenhouse conditions in a commercial potting soil; the tetrasodium salt of EDTA (EDTA Na₄) was added at a rate of 1 g kg^-1 to half the pots. Immediately after seeds were planted, half of the pots with each soil (with or without EDTA) were irrigated with 60 ml sludge, and half were irrigated with 60 ml tap water. For the subsequent five irrigations, plants in soil with EDTA received either sludge or tap water containing 0.5 g EDTA Na₄ per 1000 ml, and plants in soil without EDTA received sludge or tap water without EDTA. Of the four heavy metals whose extractable concentrations in the soil were measured (Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn), only Zn had a higher concentration in sludge-treated soil with EDTA compared to sludge-treated soil without EDTA. The concentrations of Fe, Cu, and Mn were similar in sludge-treated soil with and without EDTA. Of the three heavy metals whose total concentrations in the soil were measured (Cd, Pb, Cr), Pb (<10 mg kg^-1) and Cd (< 1 mg kg^-1) were below detection limits, and Cr was unaffected by treatment. The concentration of all measured elements in plants (Cd, Cu, Fe, Zn, Pb) was higher than the concentrations measured in the soil. With no EDTA, sludge-treated plants had a higher concentration of the five heavy elements than plants grown without sludge. Cadmium was lower in sludge-treated plants with EDTA than plants with EDTA and no sludge. After treatment with EDTA, the concentrations of Cu, Fe, and Zn were similar in plants with and without sludge. Lead was higher in plants with EDTA than plants without EDTA, showing that EDTA can facilitate phytoremediation of soil with Pb from sewage sludge.     

Effect of EDTA on the fractionation and uptake by Taraxacum officinale of potentially toxic elements in soil from former chemical manufacturing sites

The revised Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) sequential extraction procedure has been applied to investigate the effectiveness of two soil remediation strategies to reduce the amounts of potentially toxic elements in three contrasting contaminated soils (soils A, B and C) from derelict chemical manufacturing sites in the UK. Soil A was from the 35–45 cm deep layer of a site used for the manufacture of sulfuric acid. Soils B and C were topsoils from a site used for the manufacture of explosives, nitric acid and nylon The remediation strategies were flushing with EDTA in a column experiment (applied to soils A, B and C) and EDTA enhanced phytoremediation with Taraxacum officinale in pots (applied to soil B). Soil B, which contained the least amounts of aqua regia extractable metals, except for lead, but higher proportions of analytes in non-residual (i.e. acid exchangeable, reducible and oxidisable) forms was found to release greater amounts of analytes when flushed with EDTA. Comparison of the BCR sequential extraction fractionation patterns obtained before and after flushing of soil B, suggested that EDTA removed calcium mainly from the acid exchangeable pool, manganese mainly from the reducible pool, zinc from both acid exchangeable and reducible pools, and copper and lead from acid exchangeable, reducible and oxidisable pools. The chelate enhanced phytoremediation pot experiment conducted using soil B showed that EDTA treatment was significantly positively, correlated (p?<?0.05) with an increase in the proportion of analytes recovered from the soil in step 1 of the BCR extraction scheme, for all analytes, and also enhanced metal uptake by plants. The sum of the amounts of analyte released in the first three steps of the sequential extraction, commonly regarded as the maximum amount of elements potentially available for plant uptake, was not positively correlated with plant-uptake.     

Comparative study on effects of four energy plants growth on chemical fractions of heavy metals and activity of soil enzymes in copper mine tailings

Four gramineous energy plants, Miscanthus sacchariflorus, M. floridulus, Phragmites australis, and Arundo donax were grown on copper tailings in the field for four years. Their phytoremediation potential was examined in terms of their effects on the fractions of heavy metals and soil enzyme activities. Results showed that plantation of these four gramineous plants has improved the proportion of organic material (OM)-binding fraction of heavy metals in copper tailings as a whole, and reduced the proportion of exchangeable and residual fractions. In particular, M. sacchariflorus growth improved significantly the proportion of the OM-binding fractions of Cu (1.73 times), Cd (1.71 times), Zn (1.18 times), and Pb (3.14 times) (P < 0.05) and reduced markedly the residual fractions of Cu (64.45%), Cd (82.38%), Zn (61.43%), and Pb (73.41%) (P < 0.05). Except for A. donax, the growth of other three energy plants improved the activity of phosphatase, urease and dehydrogenase in copper tailings to some extent. In particular, the activity of soil phosphatase and urease in planted tailings differed significantly from that of control (P < 0.05). The effect of M. sacchariflorus growth on soil enzyme was the highest, followed by P. australis, M. floridulus, and A. donax. The content of each heavy metal fraction in soil was correlated with soil enzyme activities, especially the content of OM-binding fraction, which correlated significantly with the activities of phosphatase, urease and dehydrogenase in soil. According to the effects of four gramineous plants growth on activity of soil enzymes and fractions of heavy metals, M. sacchariflorus had the optimal effects for phytoremediation. Therefore, M. sacchariflorus was a candidate plant with great potential for the revegetation of heavy metal tailings.     

Vegetation-environment relationships in a heavy metal-dry grassland complex

Heavy-metal content is assumed to be the most important edaphic factor that determines vegetation composition on contaminated soil. We compared the effects of heavy metals on species composition and species richness in the heavy metal-dry grassland complex of the Bottendorf Hills (Central Germany) with those of other environmental factors. Based on 206 relevés, we distinguished nine communities of the classesKoelerio-Corynephoretea andFestuco-Brometea. Four communities in which the metallophytesArmeria maritima subsp.halleri andMinuartia verna subsp.hercynica occurred with high frequency were classified as heavy metal subassociations of four different dry grassland associations because of the dominance of dry grassland species. We measured the soil content of copper, zinc and lead, and the carbonate content, C/N ratio, pH and conductivity of the soil, soil depth and incident radiation per site. The first axis resulting from a DCA was positively correlated with the cover and height of the herb layer, the soil depth and soil carbonate content, and negatively with the soil content of copper, the proportion of rocks, the soil C/N ratio and incident radiation per site. The number of vascular plants, bryophyte and lichen species per plot increased with pH up to 7.5 and then decreased slightly. Species richness increased with carbonate content and conductivity of the soil and decreased with the soil C/N ratio. Heavy metal content of the soil and species richness were not correlated. The occurrence of the metallophytes was strongly related to the copper content of the soil. In conclusion our study has shown that heavy metal content is not necessarily the main factor determining the total composition and richness of grasslands on soil containing heavy metals. Heavy metal grasslands are not necessarily floristically distinct from “normal” dry grasslands.     

Copper-induced chlorosis in Becium Homblei (De Wild.) Duvign. & Plancke

Summary Becium homblei (De Wild.) Duvign. & Plancke can grow on copper-contaminated soil and may accumulate high levels of the metal in its leaves. It is normally resistant to the toxic effects of copper, but some plants may show signs of chlorosis. This was shown to be due to interference by copper with iron accumulation in chloroplasts. Treatment of the soil with iron and nitrogen reduced copper uptake and re-established high levels of iron concentration in chloroplasts and also restored normal levels of chlorophyll. re]19720626     

EDTA and industrial waste water improving the bioavailability of different Cu forms in contaminated soil

It is common to find that low bioavailability can prevent the phytoremediation process of heavy metal-contaminated soils. Heavy metals in soil are associated with various forms having different bioavailability. In this study, the bioavailability of various Cu forms in contaminated soils was investigated using ion-exchange resins, a sequential extraction procedure, and combined with methods including partial dissolution procedure, simulated Cu forms, seedling culture, pot experiment when treated with EDTA, or waste water from monosodium glutamate and citric acid production. Results showed that the bioavailability, in decreasing order of different Cu forms to tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) is: exchangeable Cu (EX-Cu) and organic matter bound Cu (OM-Cu)> Cu bound to carbonate (CAB-Cu)> Fe/Mn oxide bound Cu (OX-Cu)> residual Cu (RES-Cu). Effect of EDTA on the activation of Cu contaminated soil or simulated Cu and the uptake and translocation of tall fescue was better than that of monosodium glutamate waste water (MGW) and citric acid waste water (CAW). EDTA, CAW and MGW all improved the plant availability of different Cu forms in contaminated soil, which could be used in chelate-assisted phytoremediation of heavy metal polluted soil.     

Influence of nutrient addition on growth and accumulation of cadmium and copper in Lemna gibba

Abstract

Aquatic plants have been identified as potentially useful for accumulating and bioconcentrating heavy metals. This study was developed to test the hypothesis that nutrient enrichment enhances the metal tolerance of floating macrophytes. Relative growth rates (RGR), photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, b and carotenoid), malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and electrical conductivity (EC) were measured in Lemna gibba exposed to different cadmium and copper concentrations in laboratory conditions. Relative growth rates were negatively correlated with metal exposure, but nutrient addition suppressed this effect. Photosynthetic pigment levels were negatively correlated with metal exposures, and nutrient addition attenuated chlorophyll decrease in response to metal exposures. MDA content and EC also showed sharp increases at higher concentrations, indicating oxidative stress. This study indicates that nutrient enrichment increases the tolerance of Lemna gibba to metals, and that Lemna gibba is a suitable candidate for the phytoremediation of low-level copper and cadmium pollution.     

EDTA-assisted phytoextraction of heavy metals by turfgrass from municipal solid waste compost using permeable barriers and associated potential leaching risk

A column experiment with horizontal permeable barriers was conducted to investigate phytoextraction of heavy metals by Lolium perenne L. from municipal solid waste compost following EDTA application, as well as to study the effects of L. perenne and permeable barriers on preventing metal from leaching. In columns with barriers, EDTA addition yielded maximum concentrations of Cu, Zn and Pb of 155, 541 and 33.5 mg kg⁻¹ in shoot, respectively. This led to 4.2, 2.1 and 7.4 times higher concentrations of Cu, Zn and Pb compared to treatment with no chelating agent, respectively. In treatments with 10 mmol kg⁻¹ EDTA, the barriers reduced leaching of Cu, Zn and Pb by approximately three times, respectively, resulting in leaching of total initial Cu, Zn and Pb by 27.3%, 25.2% and 28.8%, respectively, after four times’ irrigation. These results indicate that L. perenne and permeable barriers are effective to reduce leaching of heavy metals and minimize the risk of contaminating groundwater in EDTA-enhanced phytoremediation. Thus these findings highlight that turfgrass and permeable barriers can effectively prevent metal leaching.