中国苦苣苔科一新记录属——四轮苣苔属

该文报道了中国苦苣苔科(Gesneriaceae)一新记录属——四轮苣苔属(Tetraphyllum Griff. ex C. B. Clarke)。该新记录属,即四轮苣苔属仅有3种,其中密花四轮苣苔[T. confertiflorum(Drake)B. L. Burtt]在我国首次记录。该研究提供了该属的形态描述和分种区别特征,并提供了该种的详细形态描述及彩色照片。凭证标本馆藏于广西植物研究所标本馆(IBK)和上海辰山植物标本馆(CSH)。     

Numerical morphological analysis of Lettuce cultivars and species (Lactuca sect.Lactuca,Asteraceae)

L. sativa L. cultivars were compared morphologically with accessions ofL. saligna L.,L. serriola L., andL. virosa L. in order to define the infra- and interspecific variation. Multivariate analysis (principal component analysis) distinguished four groups corresponding with the four species. Infraspecific variation (e.g., colour, leaf shape) withinL. sativa is the largest, because breeding has caused a large variation in vegetative features; infraspecific variation withinL. serriola is also large. Three plants of one accession were placed betweenL. sativa andL. serriola because they showed morphological characteristics of both species. They are still classified asL. sativa. The morphological differences betweenL. sativa andL. serriola are too large to consider these two as one species. The descent of the cultivar groups and the four species is described.     

Speciation and chromosomal evolution of the Palearctic species of chironomids of the genus Sergentia Kieffer (Diptera, Chironomidae): Divergence of the Karyotypes of S. baueri Wülker et al., 1999, S. prima Proviz et al., 1997, S. electa Proviz et al., 1999 and their relationship with the endemic species from Baikal lake

The banding structures of chromosomes of three Palearctic species of chironomids of the genus Sergentia Kieffer, 1922 from the Irkutsk reservoir were comparatively analyzed: S. baueri Wülker et al., 1999 (2n = 8), S. prima Proviz et al., 1997 (2n = 8), and S. electa Proviz et al., 1999 (2n = 6). The S. baueri karyotype was taken as a standard in chromosome mapping. It was established that in contrast to S. baueri and S. prima the S. electa karyotype was formed due to a complex translocation: transfer of chromosome IV in the median part of chromosome III. The sequences of chromosome I bands were found to be completely homologous in all Palearctic species and in S. rara Proviz et al., 1999 (2n = 8) taken as the original species in the group of Baikalian endemics. In both groups, seven homozygous inversions were detected, of which the common one is the inversion in chromosome III. It was assumed on the basis of the results of the karyological analysis that among the Palearctic species S. baueri is most similar to the Baikalian endemics and S. electa is phylogenetically closer to S. prima. Specific features of the chromosome and morphological evolutions of the Sergentia genus species are considered.     

亚沉茶渍亚洲亚种Lecanora subimmersa subsp.asiatica Zahlbr.的订正研究北大核心CSCD

亚沉茶渍亚洲亚种Lecanora subimmersa subsp.asiatica Zahlbr.曾被基于文献研究转隶至平茶渍属(Aspicilia)或处理为亚沉茶渍原亚种L.subimmersa(Fée)Vain.subsp.subimmersa的异名,但模式标本的研究缺乏仍使该变种的概念不清。利用形态学、解剖学和化学等方法对L.subimmersa subsp.asiatica Zahlbr.的模式标本进行了综合研究,发现L.subimmersa subsp.asiatica与滇茶渍[L.oreinoides(Körb.)Hertel&Rambold]的形态特征及次生代谢产物一致,故将L.subimmersa subsp.asiatica作为L.oreinoides的异名处理。依据研究标本,对滇茶渍进行了形态学描述,同时提供了相关形态学图片,澄清了亚沉茶渍亚洲亚种的概念。     

Cardicola aurata sp. n. (Digenea: Sanguinicolidae) from Mediterranean Sparus aurata L. (Teleostei: Sparidae) and its unexpected phylogenetic relationship with Paradeontacylix McIntosh, 1934

A new sanguinicolid trematode, Cardicola aurata sp. n., is described from gilthead seabream Sparus aurata L., from off the Spanish Mediterranean coast. The morphology of C. aurata sp. n. generally agrees with the diagnosis of the genus, however, in contrast to all other reported Cardicola spp. the male pore is located sub-medially at the posterior end of the body instead of sinistrally before the posterior end of the body. Based on a comparison of the morphology as well as partial 28S and ITS2 rDNA sequence data from the present species with that from closely related species, it was decided to emend the diagnosis of Cardicola rather than create a new genus, as the aberrant position of the male pore is likely to be an autapomorphy. The phylogenetic analyses revealed a close relationship between Cardicola and Paradeontacylix, two genera with considerable morphological differences; C. aurata sp. n. occupies a position intermediate to these genera. Thus, a morphological comparison of Cardicola, Paradeontacylix and Braya, a genus which is morphologically similar to Cardicola but clusters basal to the Cardicola/Paradeontacylix clade, was conducted. The results of this comparison showed that despite large differences with regard to body shape, the organisation of the internal organs is very similar in species of Cardicola and Paradeontacylix. The synopsis of morphological data and molecular phylogeny allows for interpretations regarding the importance of different morphological features for the phylogenetic inference of the Sanguinicolidae.     

Taxonomy ofHordeum caespitosum,H. jubatum,andH. lechleri (Poaceae: Triticeae)

Hordeum caespitosum Scribner,H. jubatum L., andH. lechleri (Steudel)Schenck are very similar in appearance and therefore until recently were mostly not recognized as separate entities. The first two are tetraploid and natives to North America, but the second occurs naturally in eastern Siberia and has been introduced in Europe and South America and may become a cosmopolitan weed. The third is hexaploid and South American. This study analyses their morphological diversity by means of selected multivariate techniques in order to determine if there is justification to recognize them as three separate morphological species. Logistic discrimination, although based on a reduced set of characters, yielded the highest percent of correct assignments. A linear discriminant function is provided and validated by 100 bootstrap repeats. Canonical discriminant analysis indicated three groups. It is subsequently concluded that the three are separate morphological species. Although a linear discriminant function is given, a traditional identification key is provided based on the palea length and triad (the group of three spikelets at each rachis node) length.     

Examining morphological and molecular diagnostic character states of Cichorium intybus L. (Asteraceae) and C. spinosum L.

The inter- and intraspecific variability of Cichorium intybus L. was examined to evaluate potential morphological and molecular diagnostic character states. Two diagnostic and one overlapping morphological character clearly delimit the two species C. intybus and C. spinosum. All applied molecular methods (ITS, AFLP, Microsatellites) failed to significantly discriminate between these accepted species. As the morphological traits are fixed and heritable, criteria for species delimitation are fulfilled. These traits, however, are apparently due to mutations of a few crucial loci affecting the morphological diagnostic character states. Intraspecific variability within C. intybus revealed to be highly influenced by plastic response to local environmental factors and subspecific delimitation cannot be supported.     

苦苣苔科吊石苣苔属一新异名

2017年，印度学者Joe等基于采自中国藏东南地区的植物标本，发表了合萼吊石苣苔的一新变种Lysionotus gamosepalus W. T. Wang var.biflorus A. Joe, Hareesh&M. Sabu,并且认为该新变种与原变种的主要区分特征包括叶缘稍具锯齿、每个腋生花序仅有2朵花、花冠被毛、具2枚卷曲的退化雄蕊。然而，近年来，笔者基于查阅大量标本和野外考察工作，认为所谓变种的形态特征是在合萼吊石苣苔(Lysionotus gamosepalus W. T. Wang)的变异范围之内，加之分布区完全重叠，生长环境类似，物候期一致，不宜作为变种等级处理。故在此将该变种处理为合萼吊石苣苔的异名。     

The taxonomic relationships within the genus Excoecaria L. (Euphorbiaceae) based on leaf morphology and rDNA sequence data

The tropical Indo-Pacific genus Excoecaria L. (Euphorbiaceae) has several closely related species in Australia whose taxonomic relationships are unclear. The most widely reported species in Australia is the mangrove species Excoecaria agallocha L. (type species), whose taxonomic and geographic limits are difficult to define from its closely related species or sub-species. Two additional taxa have also been described but not clearly differentiated from the type species: Excoecaria dallachyana Baillon and Excoecaria ovalis Endl. This project aimed to determine the taxonomic relationships of the Australian Excoecaria species using both leaf morphological data and DNA sequence data from the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of ribosomal genes. The nucleotide differences in the examined ITS1 region show that E. agallocha from eastern Australia and E. ovalis from Western Australia respectively, are genetically uniform within species but differ from each other consistently, thus supporting species status. The leaf morphological data also support this view: single factor analysis of variance consistently separated E. ovalis from E. agallocha on the basis of leaf width, leaf length and length of petiole. In contrast, E. ovalis from the Gulf of Carpentaria differs only slightly from E. ovalis in Western Australia, but no evidence was found to suggest any leaf morphological differentiation within this species. The analysis also suggests that E. dallachyana is not closely related to either mangrove species E. agallocha or E. ovalis, despite superficial morphological similarities.     

Xanthomonas campestris pv.parthenii pathovar nov. incitant of leaf blight of parthenium

A new bacterial leaf blight disease of parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorus L.) is described for the first time. The disease-causing bacterium was isolated and its morphological, physiological and biochemical characters were determined. The pathogenicity of bacterium is apparently limited only to parthenium. The pathogen was identified asXanthomonas campestris pv.parthenii pathovar nov. on the basis of morphological, physiological, biochemical and pathogenic characteristics.     

Morphological and phylogenetic analyses of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Uromyces appendiculatus</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">U. vignae</Emphasis> on legumes in Japan

Uromyces appendiculatus, inclusive of three varieties, is distinguished from U. vignae primarily by the position of urediniospore germ pores and putative host specificity. However, opinions concerning these morphological and physiological features as taxonomic characters have varied greatly, and distinction of these species has often been confused. To clarify the taxonomy of these two species, morphological features of urediniospores and teliospores of 225 rust fungus specimens on species of Phaseolus, Vigna, Apios, Lablab, and Dunbaria were examined by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Forty-five specimens were subjected to molecular phylogenetic analyses. As a result, the position of germ pores in urediniospores and the teliospore-wall thickness were considered as good characters to separate three morphological groups. In molecular analyses, the specimens fell into two and three clades based on the nucleotide sequence at D1/D2 domain of LSU rDNA and ITS regions, respectively. One of the D1/D2 clades corresponded to one morphological group whereas another D1/D2 clade included two other morphological groups. In contrast, each of the three ITS clades corresponded to a separate morphological group. Neither morphological groups nor molecular clades were host limited. It is suggested that the three morphological groups that corresponded to three distinct ITS clades constitute distinct species.Contribution no. 186 from the Laboratory of Plant Parasitic Mycology, Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Tsukuba, Japan     

Contributions of numerical taxonomy toOrnithogalum subg.Beryllis (Hyacinthaceae) in Morocco

In North Africa,Ornithogalum L. subg.Beryllis Baker is represented by three taxa (O. narbonense L.,O. pyrenaicum L., andO. sessiliflorum Desf.), often difficult to identify. 90 individuals from 4 localities were subjected to a biometric study based on 19 morphological characteristics. Several types of multivariate analyses allow a perfect identification of the three species. Studies on the reproductive biology, cytotaxonomy, and ecology supplement these data.     

Distyly and incompatibility inVillarsia congestiflora (Menyanthaceae), with comparative remarks onV. capitata

The Western Australian annual of restricted distribution,Villarsia congestiflora, has distylous flowers and pollen-size heteromorphism. Results of a crossing program indicate that this species is strongly self-incompatible, that crosses among individuals of the same morph produce little or no seed, and that intermorph crosses produce copious seed. The species shares a number of morphological and ecological traits withV. capitata, another distylous, self-incompatible annual species of Western Australia with a greater area of distribution. Artificial hybrids between the two, however, showed reduced pollen stainability. Both species combine a number of specialized morphological features with a breeding system that is primitive for the familyMenyanthaceae.     

Taxonomic status of Monotropastrum humile, with special reference to M. humile var. glaberrimum (Ericaceae, Monotropoideae)

Taxonomic treatment of the achlorophyllous monotropoid plant Monotropastrum humile is still unclear and confusing because of the lack of detailed morphological analyses and molecular phylogeny. In particular, the taxonomic status of a glabrous variety, M. humile var. glaberrimum, is under debate. Our detailed examination of the morphological characteristics of living plants revealed that M. humile var. glaberrimum can be easily distinguished from the putative conspecific taxon M. humile var. humile by characteristics not previously recognized, namely the shape and color of the floral disc. Most morphological features characterizing Cheilotheca were also found in M. humile var. glaberrimum. Moreover, there was considerable nucleotide differentiation in the internal transcribed spacer (ITS)2 sequences of M. humile var. humile and var. glaberrimum. Molecular analysis of the phylogenetic relationship of M. humile var. humile, var. glaberrimum, and other monotropoids using ITS2 sequences showed that two varieties of M. humile formed a monophyletic clade with a member of a different genus, Monotropa L., but obvious phylogenetic relationships among these three taxa were not obtained. Thus we conclude that Monotropastrum humile var. glaberrimum should be treated as a distinct species. However, the generic affiliation of M. humile var. glaberrimum could not be determined because of its intermediate character state combination and the insufficient characterization of related species. We strongly suggest that Monotropastrum as a whole needs re-evaluation.     

Adults and larvae of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Skrjabinocerca canutus</Emphasis> n. sp. (Nematoda: Acuariidae) from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Calidris canutus rufa</Emphasis> (Aves: Scolopacidae) on the southern Southwest Atlantic coast of South America

Adults and larvae of a new species of Skrjabinocerca Shikhobalova, 1930 (Nematoda: Acuarioidea) are described on the basis of light and scanning electron microscope studies. Specimens were recovered from Calidris canutus rufa Wilson (Aves: Scolopacidae) from the Southwest Atlantic coast of Uruguay. Data on the hosts, localities and main features of the four previously described species of the genus are provided. S. canutus n. sp. can be distinguished its congeners by a combination of the following characters: non-recurrent cordons, shorter right spicule and possession of a delicate finger-like projection on the distal end of the left spicule. S. prima Shikhobalova, 1930 has a left spicule which is stilletto-shaped and sharply pointed, S. europaea Wong & Anderson, 1993 has recurrent cordons, S. americana Wong & Anderson, 1993 possesses two delicate digitiform projections on the distal end of its left spicule and S. bennetti Bartlett & Anderson, 1996 has subequal spicules.     

Morphological variability of the diatom Cyclotella atomus Hustedt var. atomus and C. atomus var. gracilis var. nov.

Cyclotella atomus collected from different rivers, reservoirs and lakes shows considerable morphological variability. On the basis of electronmicroscopic (EM) study, we propose Cyclotella atomus var. gracilis Genkal et Kiss as a new variety of this species. Cyclotella atomus var. atomus has short and long radial striae, which are irregularly arranged on the same valve, and the alveolar chambers are not clearly divided from the central, hyaline part of the valve face. In addition to the described basic form, several specimens with other features have also been found and are thought to belong to an undescribed variety. The striae of the new variety are equal in length, and the alveolar chambers are clearly divided from the hyaline central area of the valve face by a curved structure.There are EM micrographs on Cyclotella atomus var. gracilis under different names in different papers. The new variety has several characteristics also found in other species, e.g. Cyclotella caspia Grun., or C. meneghiniana Kütz.     

Nonomuraea terrinata sp. nov., a novel soil actinomycete

The taxonomic position of a soil isolate, strain E626, was evaluated using the polyphasic approach. The organism was found to have chemical and morphological features consistent with its assignment to the genus Nonomuraea, a member of the family Streptosporangiaceae. Strain E626 consistently formed a distinct phyletic line within the Streptosporangiaceae 16S rDNA tree using four different algorithms. Furthermore, the taxonomic distinctness of the organism is underpinned by a range of phenotypic properties, notably morphological features. It is, therefore, proposed that the organism be classified in the genus Nonomuraea as Nonomuraea terrinata sp. nov. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Four new species of Typhlocharis (baetica group) (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Anillini) from southwestern Iberian Peninsula with notes on their biogeographical and morphological implications

Four new species of Typhlocharis (Carabidae: Anillini) are described from the southwest of the Iberian Peninsula, assigned to the baetica species group. T. prima sp.n. , T. secunda sp.n. and T. tertia sp.n. (from La Palma del Condado, Huelva, Spain) are syntopic, and T. quarta sp.n. (from Barrancos, Beja, Portugal) is the first species of the group with umbilicate series 4 + 4. They represent, respectively, the southernmost and westernmost distribution data for the group. The baetica group remains well defined and includes ten species. The diagnosis is simplified, with the confirmation that many morphological features characteristic of this group are widespread within the genus. The defining character is the presence of denticles in apical margin of elytra, not associated to the seventh stria or to the elytral suture. The new species provide morphological data that suggest the baetica and silvanoides groups are closely related. Distribution of both groups in the south of the Iberian Peninsula and the presence of morphological characters that are considered plesiomorphic are coherent with the hypothesis of betic‐riffain origin of the genus. They also support the hypothesis of easy alteration of the umbilicate pattern between closely related species and the independent origin of apical denticles in the group compared with those present in other species of the genus. The presence of three well‐differentiated size ranges in syntopic populations suggest ecological diversification to avoid interspecific competition.     

Differences in resource storage pattern between Laminaria longissima and Laminaria diabolica (Laminariaceae; Phaeophyta) reflecting their morphological characteristics

The kelps Laminaria longissima and L. diabolica, belonging to the groups of L. angustata and L. japonica, respectively, differ greatly in their morphological characteristics although their geographical distributions overlap widely along the eastern coast of Hokkaido. To clarify the interaction between the morphological and physiological characteristics of the two species, and their link with environmental variables, hatchery-raised young sporophytes of L. longissima and L. diabolica collected from Hokkaido were cultivated simultaneously under similar conditions in Matsushima Bay, Miyagi, from January to July 2004. Seasonal morphological characteristics, gross photosynthetic rate, nutrient uptake rates, and resource contents were examined. The blade lengths of L. longissima and L. diabolica reached a maximum of 329.9 cm and 256.7 cm, respectively, in April to May, and decreased to 284.4 cm and 68.6 cm, respectively, in July. The total elongation length of L. longissima (412.5 cm) was similar to that of L. diabolica (373.8 cm). However, the total erosion length of L. longissima (145.9 cm) was approximately half that of L. diabolica (302.9 cm). The gross photosynthetic rate and uptake rates of NH₄-N, NO₃-N, and PO₄-P of the two species were similar. However, the carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus contents were transferred and stored in the whole blade tissues in the case of L. longissima, but in the meristem of L. diabolica from May to June. These results suggest that morphological differences are a response to different resource storage patterns. The storage patterns of L. longissima and L. diabolica are likely to be genetically fixed characteristics, which have evolved in adaptation to the specific habitat environments of the groups of L. angustata and L. japonica. The low water temperature and rich nutrients provided by the Oyashio Current are conducive to storage of resources in the whole blade tissues and a large surface area retained for photosynthesis and nutrient uptake in the L. angustata group. Conversely, high temperature and poor nutrients, or large fluctuations in these parameters, provided by the Tsushima Warm Current are more conducive to intensive storage of resources in the meristem for maturation and further growth in the L. japonica group. L. diabolica retains the storage pattern of the L. japonica group but grows in regions affected by the Oyashio Current, allowing it to become the widest distributed Laminaria species.