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1.
Xudong Li;Jiangping Yu;Dake Yin;Longru Jin;Keqin Zhang;Haitao Wang; 《Journal of avian biology》2023,2023(7-8):e03108
Selecting a suitable nest site is critical to the survival and reproduction of birds. Prospecting allows individuals to gather information on the local quality of potential future breeding sites, which may help them make the best nest site selection decision. However, few studies have focused on the direct links between the prospecting activity of breeders and subsequent nest site selection. In this study, we investigated the prospecting pattern of Japanese tits Parus minor during the pre-breeding period of the first breeding attempt and whether nest site characteristics influence their nest box visiting behaviour and occupied nest site. We used radio frequency identification (RFID) to track the movements of Japanese tits visiting nest boxes and compared nest site characteristics between visited and unvisited (control) nest boxes, as well as between visited and occupied nest boxes. We found that Japanese tits started visiting nest boxes approximately 20 days before breeding, visited an average of six nest boxes and eventually chose the most visited nest box for breeding activities. Japanese tits were more likely to visit nest boxes that had less canopy cover and lower shrub density but a greater total number of surrounding trees and ultimately chose breeding nest boxes with a smaller entrance inclination, in nesting trees with a larger diameter at breast height (DBH) which were surrounded by trees with a larger DBH. Our results suggest that Japanese tits visit several potential breeding sites before choosing breeding nest boxes and that nest site characteristics can influence their prospecting activity and nest site selection. 相似文献
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Brian D. Uher‐Koch Joshua C. Koch Kenneth G. Wright Joel A. Schmutz 《Journal of avian biology》2018,49(7)
Identifying factors influencing nest survival among sympatric species is important for understanding and managing sources of variation in population dynamics of individual species. Three species of loons nest sympatrically in northern Alaska and differ in body size, life history characteristics, and population trends. We tested the effects of competition, nest site selection, and water level variations on nest survival of Pacific Gavia pacifica, yellow‐billed G. adamsii, and red‐throated loons G. stellata on the Arctic Coastal Plain in Alaska. Although overall nest survival rates did not differ between species, the factors influencing nest survival varied. Nest site selection influenced nest survival for Pacific and yellow‐billed loons, with both species having high nest survival when nesting on islands and peninsulas, likely due to a reduction in access by terrestrial predators. However, on mainland shorelines, Pacific loons had lower nest survival than yellow‐billed loons, and used a higher proportion of vegetation mats for nest sites suggesting that their smaller body size makes them less adept at nest defense. Nest site selection did not influence nest survival of red‐throated loons corresponding to our result of no nest site preferences by this species. Initiation date had a strong influence on nest survival for Pacific and yellow‐billed loons with nests laid earlier having higher survival. Pacific and yellow‐billed loon nests were susceptible to flooding due to precipitation, which contrasted with red‐throated loons that nest on smaller lakes with lower water level variations. Competition did not affect nest survival for any of the species likely due to most territorial encounters occurring prior to incubation. The only influence we found on red‐throated loon nest survival was differences among years. Our results indicate that loons chose nest sites based on predation risk and that factors influencing breeding success of closely related species may differ under similar breeding conditions. 相似文献
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Catherine M. Young Kristal E. Cain Nina Svedin Patricia R. Y. Backwell Sarah R. Pryke 《Ethology : formerly Zeitschrift fur Tierpsychologie》2017,123(1):41-50
In avian systems, nest predation is one of the most significant influences on reproductive success. Selection for mechanisms and behaviours to minimise predation rates should be favoured. To avoid predation, breeding birds can often deter predators through active nest defence or by modifying behaviours around the nest (e.g. reducing feeding rates and vocalisations). Birds might also benefit from concealing nests or placing them in inaccessible locations. The relative importance of these strategies (behaviour vs. site selection) can be difficult to disentangle and may differ according to life history. Tropical birds are thought to experience higher rates of predation than temperate birds and invest less energy in nest defence. We monitored a population of crimson finches (Neochmia phaeton), in the Australian tropics, over two breeding seasons. We found no relationship between adult nest defence behaviour (towards a model reptile predator) and the likelihood of nest success. However, nest success was strongly related to the visibility of the nest and the structure of the vegetation. We found no evidence that adult nest building decisions were influenced by predation risk; individuals that re‐nested after a predation event did not build their nest in a more concealed location. Therefore, predator avoidance, and hence nest success, appears to be largely due to chance rather than due to the behaviour of the birds or their choice of nesting sites. To escape high predation pressures, multiple nesting attempts both within and between seasons may be necessary to increase reproductive success. Alternatively, birds may be limited in their nest‐site options; that is, high‐quality individuals dominate quality nest sites. 相似文献
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《Ostrich》2013,84(1):93-96
Nest predation is the leading cause of reproductive failure in birds and thus it shapes their life history strategies. Intensities of nest predation appear to differ among nest locations and types in both temperate and tropical regions. However, there is limited knowledge of factors influencing susceptibility of avian nests to predation in Africa. The aim of our study was to investigate artificial nest predation rates of different ground and shrub nests located at different heights in the rainforest undergrowth. We placed artificial avian nests within a homogeneous lowland forest interior with sparse forest undergrowth in the Mount Cameroon National Park, Cameroon. We exposed three sets of nests: 50 bare-ground, 50 cup-ground and 50 cup-shrub nests, for 10 d. Predation was higher for cup-ground nests compared to cup-shrub nests, and bare-ground nests were more depredated than cup-ground nests. We concluded that the presence of a cup as well as higher nest position significantly increased probability of artificial nest survival. The results of this study suggest a potential selection pressure on nest type and placement in lowland forest birds for a poorly known tropical region. 相似文献
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Abstract.
- 1 Subfamily Ithomiinae comprises about 370 species of Neotropical butterflies associated with humid forest habitats from Mexico to northern Argentina. Adult Ithomiinae are central models in many mimicry rings throughout their range, and are assumed to have high potential as bio‐indicators. Here, we compare diversity and composition of Ithomiinae mimicry rings in continuous vs. fragmented landscapes, and evaluate values these butterflies hold for ecological assessment and monitoring of anthropogenic disturbance.
- 2 Sampling was carried out at four sites inside a large forest block, the Morro Grande State Reserve, and in five forest fragments in a neighbour‐fragmented landscape. Butterflies were sampled with portable traps, baited with a fermented mixture of banana and sugar cane juice. Sampling was carried out during the period most favourable for the capture of ithomiine butterflies in southeastern Brazil.
- 3 There was no difference between landscapes in species richness and diversity index, but dominance index, and the distributions of tribes and mimicry rings between them was clearly different. The higher average light intensity in the understorey of fragments could explain in part the higher abundance of mimicry patterns typical of open sunny habitats, and concomitantly reduced abundance of clearwing mimicry patterns, typical of shaded habitats. These results confirm the potential of ithomiine assemblages as biological indicators of habitat quality.
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Summary P. alternata is a cave-dwelling stenogastrine wasp of the South Asian rain forests; it builds two distinct types of nest which differ in substrate and other characteristics. Both types of nest were examined and compared for overall dimensions, cell size and building material. The inhabitants taken from both types of nests, were also measured. Significant differences between the two types of nests were found in cell size and percentages of inorganic and organic material. A significant difference was also found in the wing size of the inhabitants. Both nest styles are described in detail, and the evolutionary implications are discussed in terms of behavioural plasticity and the possibility of sympatric speciation. 相似文献
10.
Ana Cristina S. Andrade Maike H. Queiroz Ricardo Alberto L. Hermes Vetúria L. Oliveira 《Mycorrhiza》2000,10(3):131-136
In Brazil, the Araucaria forest and the Atlantic rainforest are two threatened ecosystems, with 10% or less of their original
areas presently existing. To assess the mycorrhizal status in these forests, roots of 29 native species, belonging to 19 families,
were collected throughout the year from different regions of Santa Catarina, Brazil. Roots were washed, and then cut in a
cryo-microtome to seek ectomycorrhizal colonization. Other roots were stained before being examined for vesicular-arbuscular
mycorrhizas (VAM). Patterns of colonization were identified and photographed. All plants presented evidence of vesicular-arbuscular
mycorrhizal colonization. No evidence of ectomycorrhizal colonization was found. Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization
patterns varied from single intracellular aseptate hyphae, coils, and/or appressoria, to vesicles and/or arbuscules. Results
confirmed that VAM hosts are predominant in South American forests while ectomycorrhizas are extremely rare even among genera
known as ectomycorrhizal in other regions of the humid tropics.
Accepted: 27 August 2000 相似文献
11.
Harold F. Greeney Robert C. Dobbs Paul R. Martin Rudolphe A. Gelis 《Journal of Field Ornithology》2008,79(2):113-129
ABSTRACT Grallaria and Grallaricula antpittas are poorly known ground antbirds (Formicariidae), which reach their center of diversity in the tropical Andes region. Here we review published literature on the reproductive ecology of these two genera, summarizing and synthesizing the information. Nests have been described for 13 of the 31 species of Grallaria and four of the eight species of Grallaricula. For both genera, nests are open cups placed either against a strong support (e.g., tree trunks; Grallaria) or with multiple small supports (e.g., vine tangles; both genera). Nest lining is generally sparse, with nest cup composition ranging from humid material (e.g., moss) to primarily sticks and leaf material, depending on the species. Grallaria typically lay two bluish‐green to turquoise eggs, sometimes with spotting, whereas Grallaricula lay 1–2 eggs with heavy markings and pale brown or buffy (rarely light green) background coloration. For the few species where information is available, both male and female parents are believed to participate in building, incubation, and nestling provisioning, with high incubation attentiveness (often >90%, especially later in incubation), and incubation periods of 17–21 d (Grallaria) and 15–20 d (Grallaricula). Grallaria nestlings are frequently fed earthworms (Oligochaeta) in addition to a variety of arthropods. Nestlings have pale skin (Grallaria) or dark skin (both genera), with pale or dark down (Grallaria) or red‐brown down (Grallaricula). Nestlings in both genera usually have brilliant orange mouth linings and cloacas, and usually fledge 15–19 d post hatching. Rapid probing, where adults rapidly thrust their bills into the nest and lining, is commonly observed across species during incubation and nestling periods, but its function remains unknown. Overall, our knowledge of the breeding biology of antpittas has improved significantly in recent years. However, much remains to be learned for most species. 相似文献
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Luis Flores‐Prado Carlos F. Pinto Alejandra Rojas Francisco E. Fontúrbel 《Ecology and evolution》2014,4(10):1820-1827
Host plants are used by herbivorous insects as feeding or nesting resources. In wood‐boring insects, host plants features may impose selective forces leading to phenotypic differentiation on traits related to nest construction. Carpenter bees build their nests in dead stems or dry twigs of shrubs and trees; thus, mandibles are essential for the nesting process, and the nest is required for egg laying and offspring survival. We explored the shape and intensity of natural selection on phenotypic variation on three size measures of the bees (intertegular width, wing length, and mandible area) and two nest architecture measures (tunnel length and diameter) on bees using the native species Chusquea quila (Poaceae), and the alloctonous species Rubus ulmifolius (Rosaceae), in central Chile. Our results showed significant and positive linear selection gradients for tunnel length on both hosts, indicating that bees building long nests have more offspring. Bees with broader mandibles show greater fitness on C. quila but not on R. ulmifolius. Considering that C. quila represents a selective force on mandible area, we hypothesized a high adaptive value of this trait, resulting in higher fitness values when nesting on this host, despite its wood is denser and hence more difficult to be bored. 相似文献
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沙漠石蜂Megachile(Chalicodoma) desertorum Morawitz为多种植物的传粉昆虫,在西鄂尔多斯地区是多种濒危植物和荒漠建群植物的重要传粉者。在该地区研究沙漠石蜂的筑巢场所、筑巢材料和蜂巢结构。共调查统计5148个蜂巢的筑巢场所和朝向;选择4个土壤表层成分不同的筑巢地,分别测定其筑巢沙土的机械组成、pH值和土壤紧实度;定点连续观察整个筑巢过程。结果表明:沙漠石蜂95.80%的巢建于岩石表面;土墙、灌木枝条、水泥柱及钢窗框上的巢室数均较少。83.1%的巢室建在东向一面;南向14.2%,西向2.4%,北向仅0.3%;筑巢材料为沙土和唾液制成的泥浆,所用沙土的pH值在8.18～9.34之间、紧实度在1.28～1.84g/cm3之间,其中粒径为0.06～0.15mm的沙土比例最高;1个蜂巢一般由4～10个巢室组成。说明该蜂喜欢将巢室建在朝向东方的岩石表面;筑巢材料主要由唾液和以碱性的粒径为0.06～0.15mm左右的沙土构成。也说明是对干旱炎热的荒漠环境的适应。 相似文献
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Francisco Valera Radovan Vclav Miguel ngel Calero‐Torralbo Teresa Martínez Jesús Veiga 《Restoration Ecology》2019,27(1):220-227
Nest box supplementation is widely used to increase nest‐site availability for cavity nesting animals but the analysis of its effects on individuals breeding in natural cavities is often neglected. This study offers a novel restoration technique to revert abandonment of natural breeding sites by a secondary cavity avian bird, the European roller (Coracias garrulus), and other ecologically similar species. We found that, after a program of nest box supplementation with ensuing monitoring, rollers gradually abandon nesting in natural and seminatural cavities in favor of nest boxes because the latter are of higher quality. We examine whether reducing the entrance size of natural and seminatural cavities improves their suitability for rollers. A 6‐year program reduced the diameter of the entrance of sandstone cavities and cavities in bridges. This led to a high occupancy (59%) of manipulated nest‐sites. Manipulated sites were most frequently occupied by rollers and little owls (Athene noctua) (31 and 18% of sites, respectively). Manipulation did not affect clutch size or fledgling success. We suggest that nest‐site diversity and nesting in natural cavities should be preserved to reduce nest box dependence. Our study illustrates the value of nest boxes when used alongside restoration of natural breeding sites and provides insights for the management of natural cavities. 相似文献
16.
The nest site characteristics of the freshwater three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus (form leiurus ), were quantitatively investigated in springs and the main stream of the Yamayoke and the Tsuya River system, central Japan. Most nests (93·4%) were on a muddy or sandy substratum, at depths of 10–40 cm (84·3%), in water velocities less than 15 cm s−1 (76·2%) and in the temperature range of 14 to 16° C (82·7%), Spring-fed localities provided more of these conditions than the main stream channel and hence contained more potential nesting areas. Thus, they were utilized by male sticklebacks both temporally (prolonged breeding season) and spatially (more nest sites). 相似文献
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This study evaluates the effects of fragmentation on the spatial and temporal dynamics of small litterfall production in Atlantic rainforest in Pernambuco State, Brazil. Litterfall was collected for 24 months at two 0.2 ha sites, located in the forest edge zone and the forest interior, within a rainforest patch of about 300 ha. Structural parameters of both forest sites were recorded. Litter was sorted into six fractions (foliage, twigs, buds/flowers, fruits/seeds, peduncles, rest), dried and weighed. The interior forest plot contained 314 live trees with a dbh 5 cm and a stand basal area of 41.8±8.7 m2, whereas the forest edge contained 211 live trees and a stand basal area of 23.4±3.6 m2. Total small litterfall was extraordinarily high and totalled 12.62±4.73 t ha−1 yr−1 in interior forest and 14.74±2.78 t ha−1 yr−1 in forest edge. High litterfall rates are probably due to a pronounced periodicity, edge effects alter litterfall strongly. 相似文献
18.
Terrence P. McGlynn Melissa D. Shotell Megan S. Kelly 《Journal of Insect Behavior》2003,16(5):687-701
We studied how the tropical wet forest ant Aphaenogaster araneoides adjusted its home range and foraging behavior in response to changes in the leaf litter and food environments. We decoupled litter abundance and food availability by creating a factorial treatment design including litter removal and food supplementation. Leaf litter removal caused a decrease in the number of foraging trips but an increase in their duration. Over a 2-week experimental period, about half of the colonies relocated their nests. We found a strong effect of nearest neighbor distance upon the home range areas of colonies after they relocated their nests. In summary, short-term manipulations of resources resulted in changes in home range area and foraging behaviors that differed depending upon nest relocation and the competitive environment. 相似文献
19.
Karen L. Wiebe 《Journal of Field Ornithology》2011,82(3):239-248
ABSTRACT Assumptions that populations of cavity‐nesting birds are limited by access to nest sites have largely been based on anecdotal reports or correlative data. Nest‐box‐addition experiments or tree‐cavity‐blocking experiments are potentially rigorous ways to investigate how densities of breeding birds are affected by access to nest cavities. Experimental evidence indicates that natural tree holes are limited in human‐altered landscapes, but the possibility that cavity nests are limited in old growth (unmanaged) forests is less clear. I reviewed 31 nest‐cavity‐removal or addition experiments conducted with 20 species of cavity‐nesting birds in mature forests. Of these 31 experiments conducted with a variety of different species of birds, only 19% reported statistically significant changes in breeding densities. However, none of these studies included data about the reproductive history of individuals colonizing the boxes (i.e., whether birds using the boxes would have otherwise been floaters or that birds excluded from blocked cavities on the plots did not simply move elsewhere), so they provided no strong evidence that the number of breeding pairs was limited by availability of nest sites at the population scale. Although some studies indicate that nest sites are limited at local (plot) scales in old growth forests, there is still little empirical evidence for nest‐site limitation at the population‐ and landscape‐level in mature, unmanaged forests. I review the challenges in designing and interpreting box‐addition experiments and highlight the main gaps in knowledge that should be targeted in the future. 相似文献
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AMBROISE DALECKY LAURENCE GAUME BERTRAND SCHATZ DOYLE MCKEY FINN KJELLBERG 《Biological journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》2005,86(2):133-151
In polygynous ants it has been proposed that the coexistence of several queens in a colony evolved as a response to ecological, social and genetic parameters. We present demographic, histological and genetic data showing that the plant-ant Petalomyrmex phylax is facultatively and secondarily polygynous. Polygyny is functional, lowers the reproductive output per queen, and is a kin-selected trait as new queens accepted in polygynous colonies are highly related females that never left their natal colony. The degree of polygyny varies according to a geographical gradient. Northern colonies can be strongly polygynous, while at the southern edge of the species' distribution, colonies are almost exclusively monogynous. However, ecological studies of the host-plant populations revealed that this cline could not be explained by variations in the degree of nest site limitation. We discuss selective costs and benefits associated with these social structures, and propose that this cline may result from historical processes such as selection of a more dispersive strategy along a colonization front. © 2005 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society , 2005, 86 , 133–151. 相似文献