细胞转化过程中胞内钙离子浓度的变化

使用钙离子荧光探针Ｆｌｕｏ－３ＡＭ和ＤＮＡ荧光染料Ｈｏｅｃｈｓｔ３３３４２联染细胞的方法,利用显微分光光度计ＭＰＶⅡ测量了两种温度敏感细胞—６Ｍ２和ｔｓＲＳＶＮＩＨ３Ｔ３－ＬＡ９０细胞及Ｃ３Ｈ１０Ｔ１／２和转化Ｃ３Ｈ１０Ｔ１／２细胞在不同细胞周期时相内钙的浓度,发现从Ｇ１期到Ｓ期到Ｇ２期,６ｍ２细胞当在３３℃培养时（转化状态）胞内钙的浓度〔Ｃａ＾２＋〕ｉ分别为８５．０,１３８．４２３９．０ｎｍｏｌ     

钙调素拮抗剂与胞内钙离子浓度对离体培养的人蜕膜细胞活力的影响

应用妊娠 6～ 8周的人工流产蜕膜组织为材料进行离体人工蜕膜细胞培养 ,观察两种化学结构完全不同的特异性钙调素拮抗剂——三氟拉嗪、蝙蝠葛碱衍生物 ,以及 Ca2 + 螯合剂—— EGTA和 Ca2 +载体—— A2 3187对蜕膜细胞活力的影响。结果表明 :三氟拉嗪、蝙蝠葛碱衍生物与 EGTA对蜕膜细胞活力的抑制作用与药物的浓度及其作用时间密切相关 ,随着浓度加大及作用时间延长而增强。≥ 1 5 μmol/L的三氟拉嗪或≥ 2 5 μmol/L的蝙蝠葛碱衍生物 ,或2 mmol/L的 EGTA均可明显抑制蜕膜细胞活力。三氟拉嗪和蝙蝠葛碱衍生物作用 96小时后分别使细胞活力降至对照组的 8.7%和 1 2 .0 % ,EGTA作用 72小时后降至对照组的 2 8.6%。6μmol/L的 A2 3187可一定程度地刺激细胞活力上升 ,但这种刺激效应随作用时间的延长而逐渐减弱。EGTA可增强三氟拉嗪对细胞活力的抑制作用。由此推测 ,Ca2 + -钙调素系统可能直接参与子宫蜕膜的发育和维持 ,并在其中发挥重要作用。这可能也是钙调素拮抗剂抗早孕的主要机理之一。     

rhlL-6影响巨噬细胞内钙离子浓度和空间分布

使用重组人白细胞介素６（ｒｈＩＬ－６）刺激小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞,应用荧光分光光度计和激光扫描共焦显微镜检测胞浆内游离钙离子的时空分布。静息状态巨噬细胞Ｃａ２＋浓度１０－８｀～１０－７ｍｏｏ／Ｌ,加入１００ｕ／ｍｌｒｈＩＬ－６后,未见作用。从２００ｕ／ｍｌ至４００ｕ／ｍｌ不同浓度的ｒｈＩＬ－６则使细胞内游离Ｃａ２＋浓度呈尖峰状迅速升高３００％左右,然后急剧下降至静息值。且各个浓度对Ｃａ２＋的升高幅度及峰形基本一致,但随浓度的升高,Ｃａ２＋浓度达到高峰所需的时间逐渐缩短。这说明,胞外ＩＬ－６浓度存在着一阈值,只有达到或超过这一阈值,才能通过一定机制造成细胞内Ｃａ２＋的升高     

rhlL-6影响巨噬细胞内钙离子浓度和空间分布

使用重组人白细胞介素刺小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞,应用荧光分光光度计和激光扫描共焦显微镜检测胞浆内游离钙离子的时空分布。静息状态巨噬细胞Ｃａ＾２＋浓度１０＾－８,－１０＾７ｍｏｏ／Ｌ,加入１００ｕ／ｍｌｒｈＩＬ－６后,未见作用。     

视黄酸对海马神经元细胞内钙离子浓度的影响

探讨全反式视黄酸(all-trans retinoic acid,atRA)对原代培养的海马神经元胞内钙离子浓度的影响,以进一步了解atRA参与学习记忆可能机制。分离新生Wistar大鼠海马,采用添加B27的无血清培养液进行海马神经元原代培养,免疫荧光鉴定培养的神经细胞;以fura-2/AM温育海马神经元,采用钙离子测定系统动态观察视黄酸对海马细胞内钙离子浓度的影响。结果显示:(1)培养的神经元纯度达90%;(2)atRA作用于海马神经元,能引起海马神经元胞内钙离子浓度的升高;(3)这种升高与atRA浓度及神经元的发育时间相关;(4)钙离子升高的具体方式是通过细胞外钙离子内流;(5)视黄酸核受体alpha(RARα)的拮抗剂Ro41-5253(Ro)对atRA升高的神经元胞内钙离子浓度有抑制作用。atRA与RARα结合,促使海马神经元胞外钙离子的内流,这可能是atRA参与学习记忆的机制之一。     

850 nm波长微激光对肥大细胞脱颗粒及释放组胺的影响

目的:研究850 nm波长微激光对肥大细胞(RBL-2H3 (Rat basophilic leukemia))照射后组胺释放的影响.方法:肥大细胞铺于96板上,密度为5×104/孔,12 h后细胞经D-Hank's缓冲液清洗3次用于实验.肥大细胞经微激光照射15 min后,轻轻吸取细胞上清液,加入等量0.1 mmol/L的邻苯二甲醛,充分混匀,室温下反应20 min后,于荧光酶标仪上测量混合物的荧光光谱.结果:微激光照射之后的肥大细胞上清液,能发出440 nm左右的荧光,说明850 nm微激光能使肥大细胞脱颗粒,从而判断850 nm微激光能作为仿灸仪器的光源.     

三七总皂甙诱导MSCs分化为神经元样细胞时胞内钙离子浓度变化的研究

目的探讨三七总皂甙(tPNS)诱导骨髓间充质干细胞(MSCs)分化为神经元样细胞过程中细胞内钙离子浓度[Ca2 ]i的变化.方法 L-DMEM冲洗SD大鼠股骨骨髓腔,培养大鼠MSCs.选用第5代MSCs进行诱导分化,用含10μg/L碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)的L-DMEM培养液预诱导24h,加入含10μmol/L Fluo-3/AM的L-DMEM培养液负载30min,最后更换成含三七总皂甙0.25g/L的无血清培养液,同时在波长为488nm激光下扫描观测细胞形态和荧光强度的变化.结果更换三七总皂甙诱导液后,细胞内荧光强度逐渐增加,到100s达高峰值,其后逐渐减弱,但20min时细胞荧光强度仍高于诱导前,此时可见MSCs开始向神经元样细胞分化.结论三七总皂甙在体外诱导MSCs分化为神经元样细胞过程中胞内游离钙离子[Ca2 ]i浓度升高.     

花粉蛋白诱导胞内钙离子信号波动的研究

钙离子是细胞生命活动中的一个重要的调节因子,在细胞对外界刺激产生反应以及细胞死亡过程中,它扮演着重要的角色。天花粉蛋白是一种抗肿瘤药物,对绒毛膜上皮癌细胞的杀伤力特别强。通过对绒毛膜上皮癌细胞内钙离子进行ｆｌｕｏ－３／ＡＭ荧光染色发现,天花粉蛋白的加入能诱导绒毛膜上皮癌细胞内钙离子浓度的增加。经天花粉蛋白作用２４小时后,被天花粉蛋白损伤的绒毛膜上皮癌细胞内钙离子的浓度比正常细胞要高得多。在开花粉蛋     

AG555对猪血小板胞浆钙离子浓度的影响

将荧光标记物Ｆｕｒａ２－ＡＭ参入到血小板中,利用荧光分光光度计检测胞浆钙离子浓度的变化来研究ＡＧ５５５（一种合成的酪氨酸蛋白激酶抑制剂）对猪血小板胞浆钙离子浓度的影响．结果发现ＡＧ５５５可降低血小板胞浆钙离子浓度,并对凝血酶诱导的胞浆钙离子浓度的升高有明显的抑制作用．ＡＧ５５５可能对血小板功能有一定的影响,这对于进一步阐明ＡＧ５５５的作用机理将有重要意义．     

牛磺酸对乳鼠心肌细胞内钙浓度的影响

研究低氧、复氧对乳鼠心肌细胞内钙离子浓度的影响,以及牛磺酸在模拟心肌缺血/再灌注(I/R)过程中对细胞内钙的调节作用。采用SD大鼠乳鼠进行心肌细胞培养,建立模拟I/R模型。以Fluo-4/AM荧光指示剂负载,应用激光共聚焦显微镜技术(confocal laser scanning microscope,CLSM)检测心肌细胞钙离子浓度的变化。对照组心肌细胞内钙离子荧光强度(23.71±2.37U)较低;低氧180 min后复氧即刻,钙离子荧光强度开始增加(57.52±8.31U),复氧180 min后钙离子荧光强度(71.13±4.74U)显著增高(P<0.01vs对照组)。而牛磺酸组细胞内钙离子荧光强度较模拟I/R组显著降低[(42.42±4.17U)vs(71.13±4.74U),P<0.01]。心肌细胞缺血/缺氧导致Ca2+超载;模拟I/R Ca2+超载加剧,而牛磺酸有明显减轻心肌细胞模拟I/R时Ca2+超载的作用。     

Mechanism for Increase in Intracellular Concentration of Free Calcium in Fertilized Sea Urchin Egg : A Method for Estimating Intracellular Concentration of Free Calcium

Intracellular free calcium concentration in the sea urchin egg was calculated to increase from 0.1 mM in an unfertilized egg to 1 mM in a fertilized egg 10 min after fertilization, based on measurement of the dissociation constant between free calcium and sea urchin egg homogenate. The dissociation constant between free calcium (dialyzable calcium) and homogenate of sea urchin eggs was measured by means of dialysis equilibrium. The dissociation constant of the unfertilized egg was about 10^–4 M and that of the fertilized egg was about 10–3 M in three species of sea urchin, Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus, Anthocidaris crassispina, and Pseudocentrotus depressus. An increase in the dissociation constant of the unfertilized egg homogenate was observed after the addition of calcium ion at a concentration above 0.3 mM, the dissociation constant becoming the same as that observed in the fertilized egg homogenate after the administration of CaCl₂ at a concentration above 1 mM. Sodium ion also caused a decrease in the calcium-binding ability of the unfertilized egg homogenate. Therefore, penetration of calcium ion or sodium ion upon fertilization might induce an increase in the dissociation constant and then intracellular concentration of free calcium would increase at fertilization. Almost all calcium-binding ability of the egg homogenate was found in the microsomal fraction, and the substance which bound calcium was thought to be protein in nature, since trypsin could decrease the level of calcium-binding substance in the homogenate of the eggs.     

硒对NO诱导的内皮细胞内游离钙离子浓度变化的影响

用Fura-2显微荧光测钙技术,研究了用外源性一氧化氮（NO）供体S-亚硝基谷胱甘肽（GSNO）诱导的,人脐静脉内皮细胞系ECV-304细胞胞内游离钙离子浓度（［Ca²⁺］_i ）升高以及硒的抑制效应.结果表明,GSNO作用于ECV-304细胞,短时间内即可导致其胞内游离钙离子浓度升高.胞外液换为无钙液或向胞外液中加入CdCl₂（1 mmol/L）对GSNO引起的［Ca²⁺］_i升高无影响.提示,GSNO刺激主要引起胞内钙库释放.而且,一氧化氮清除剂血红蛋白（Hb）对这一过程有抑制作用,说明GSNO引起的胞内钙库释放由NO介导.经亚硒酸钠（1 μmol/L）处理的细胞,其NO引起的［Ca²⁺］_i升高幅度明显被抑制,说明NO的这种作用可能与细胞的氧化还原状态有关.     

Intracellular Free Calcium Concentration and Cisplatin Resistance in Human Lung Adenocarcinoma A549 Cells

Human lung adenocarcinoma A₅₄₉ cells sensitive and A₅₄₉/DDP cells resistantto Cis-dichlorodiammine platinum[II] (cisplatin) exhibit differentintracellular free calcium and calcium fluorescence images labeled withFura-2/AM and Fluo-3/AM as judged by dual-excitation fluorescence assay,Miracal Imaging and Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy (LSCM) of singlecells. The concentration of intracellular free calcium of the resistantA₅₄₉/DDP cells is one third that of the sensitive A₅₄₉ cells. The effluxof Rhodamine 123 in resistant A₅₄₉/DDP cells is faster than that insensitive A₅₄₉ cells. In addition, A₅₄₉/DDP cells have an increase ofPhosphatidylinositol 4-kinase (PtdIns 4-kinase) activity in the plasmamembrane. So it is tentatively suggested that the increase in PtIns4-kinase activity resulting from lower intracellular Ca²⁺concentration leads to an increase of its enzymaticproducts——PIP and PIP₂, which may stimulate the activity ofP-glycoprotein.     

Changes in Intracellular Free Calcium Concentration during Illumination of Invertebrate Photoreceptors : Detection with Aequorin

Aequorin, which luminesces in the presence of calcium, was injected into photoreceptor cells of Limulus ventral eye. A bright light stimulus elicited a large increase in aequorin luminescence, the aequorin response, indicating a rise of intracellular calcium ion concentration, Ca_i. The aequorin response reached a maximum after the peak of the electrical response of the photoreceptor, decayed during a prolonged stimulus, and returned to an undetectable level in the dark. Reduction of Ca_o reduced the amplitude of the aequorin response by a factor no greater than 3. Raising Ca_o increased the amplitude of the aequorin response. The aequorin response became smaller when membrane voltage was clamped to successively more positive values. These results indicate that the stimulus-induced rise of Ca_i may be due in part to a light-induced influx of Ca and in part to release of Ca from an intracellular store. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that a rise in Ca_i is a step in the sequence of events underlying light-adaptation in Limulus ventral photoreceptors. Aequorin was also injected into photoreceptors of Balanus. The aequorin responses were similar to those recorded from Limulus cells in all but two ways: (a) A large sustained aequorin luminescence was measured during a prolonged stimulus, and (b) removal of extracellular calcium reduced the aequorin response to an undetectable level.     

Intracellular Free Calcium Dynamics in Stretch-Injured Astrocytes

Abstract: We have previously developed an in vitro model for traumatic brain injury that simulates a major component of in vivo trauma, that being tissue strain or stretch. We have validated our model by demonstrating that it produces many of the posttraumatic responses observed in vivo. Sustained elevation of the intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca²⁺]_i) has been hypothesized to be a primary biochemical mechanism inducing cell dysfunction after trauma. In the present report, we have examined this hypothesis in astrocytes using our in vitro injury model and fura-2 microphotometry. Our results indicate that astrocyte [Ca²⁺]_i is rapidly elevated after stretch injury, the magnitude of which is proportional to the degree of injury. However, the injury-induced [Ca²⁺]_i elevation is not sustained and returns to near-basal levels by 15 min postinjury and to basal levels between 3 and 24 h after injury. Although basal [Ca²⁺]_i returns to normal after injury, we have identified persistent injury-induced alterations in calcium-mediated signal transduction pathways. We report here, for the first time, that traumatic stretch injury causes release of calcium from inositol trisphosphate-sensitive intracellular calcium stores and may uncouple the stores from participation in metabotropic glutamate receptor-mediated signal transduction events. We found that for a prolonged period after trauma astrocytes no longer respond to thapsigargin, glutamate, or the inositol trisphosphate-linked metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist trans-(1S,3R)-1-amino-1,3-cyclopentanedicarboxylic acid with an elevation in [Ca²⁺]_i. We hypothesize that changes in calcium-mediated signaling pathways, rather than an absolute elevation in [Ca²⁺]_i, is responsible for some of the pathological consequences of traumatic brain injury.     

Effects of Somatostatin on Intracellular Calcium Concentration in PC12 Cells

Abstract: Somatostatin (SS) is a neuropeptide that is distributed in various regions of the CNS, where it may act as a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator. SS produces multiple effects in the CNS through interactions with membrane receptors. In particular, SS inhibits various secretory responses in different cell types. In the present study, we have investigated the effects of exogenous application of SS on the intracellular free Ca²⁺ concentration ([Ca²⁺]_i) in PC12 cells, a rat pheochromocytoma cell line. SS did reduce the magnitude of the secondary, maintained Ca²⁺ influx brought about by K⁺ depolarization. Similar effects were obtained with the application of SS analogues, such as d -Trp⁸-SS, d -Trp⁸- d -Cys¹⁴-SS, CGP-23996, and SMS-201995. In addition, treatment with cyclo-SS, a SS antagonist, did not alter [Ca²⁺]_i. Experiments with selective blockers of different voltage-dependent Ca²⁺ channels, such as methoxyverapamil (D600) and Ω-conotoxin GVIA, demonstrated that the effects of SS on [Ca²⁺]_i were mediated by voltage-dependent Ca²⁺ channels of the L type. Control experiments with a membrane potential indicator, i.e., the fluorescent dye bisoxonol, excluded that SS influenced the level of the membrane potential. SS effects on PC12 cells suggest the possibility that this neuropeptide plays a role in the modulation of cell functional activity by altering Ca²⁺ influx.     

糖皮质激素对肝细胞内游离钙的作用

应用钙离子荧光指示剂ｆｕｒａ－２,对糖皮质激素（Ｇｌｕｃｏｃｏｒｔｉｃｏｉｄ,ＧＣ）是否影响肝细胞内游离钙（Ｉｎｔｒａｃｅｌｌｕｌａｒ　ｆｒｅｅ　ｃａｌｃｉｕｍ,［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ作了初步探讨。结果发现,ＧＣ在短期内能升高肝细胞［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ,水平,并具有明显的量效关系。以１．０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ的Ｃｏｒｔｉｓｏｌ和１０．０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ的Ｄｅｘａｍｅｔｈａｓｏｎｅ效果最好。加入１．０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ的Ｃｏｒｔｉｓｏｌ０．２５ｍｉｎ即可引起肝细胞［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ的明显升高,到１０分钟时效应达高峰。此时与静息状态的肝细胞［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ水平相比,胞浆内游离钙升高了近３倍;与相应对照组比较,胞浆内游离钙升高具有明显的统计学意义,Ｐ＜０．０１。ＲＵ４８６为一种人工合成的糖皮质激素受体（Ｇｌｕｃｏｃｏｒｔｉｃｏｉｄ　ｒｅｃｅｐｔｏｒ,ＧＲ）的拮抗剂,它可以取消ＧＣ升高肝细胞［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ的效应,提示ＧＣ升高肝细胞内［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ可能与ＧＲ介导有一定关系。鉴于ＧＣ升高［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ时间较短,推测与肝细胞膜ＧＲ的非基因快速调节作用影响钙离子通道有关。     

促甲状腺激素对甲状腺细胞胞内游离钙和钙调蛋白的影响

本文研究TSH和forskolin对原代培养的猪甲状腺细胞[Ca~(2+)]_i和钙调蛋白的影响。结果表明,TSH可引起甲状腺细胞[Ca~(2+)]_1急性升高。此反应是剂量依赖关系,而与细胞外钙的存在与否无关。其反应性在细胞单层高于细胞是液,近汇合细胞单层高于汇合细胞单层。TSH作用3天,可使甲状腺细胞的钙调蛋白含量增高,此作用与TSH对甲状腺细胞数的影响无关。Forskolin对甲状腺细胞的[Ca~(2+)]_i和钙调蛋白均无明显的影响。