ε-聚赖氨酸高产菌选育与发酵性能评价

【目的】选育ε-聚赖氨酸(ε-PL)高产菌,并探究不同碳源对其发酵性能的影响。【方法】借助基因组重排和核糖体工程两种育种手段强化ε-PL产生菌的合成能力,并利用p H冲击工艺评价不同碳源对ε-PL发酵的影响。【结果】经过4轮基因组重排和4轮核糖体工程连续选育,获得1株高产突变株Streptomyces albulus GS114,其摇瓶ε-PL产量达到3.0 g/L,较出发菌提高了1.7倍。该改造菌株在5 L发酵罐中分别以葡萄糖和甘油为碳源进行192 h的补料-分批发酵时,ε-PL发酵产量分别达到了43.4 g/L和45.7 g/L,较出发菌提高了11.0%和14.9%,而菌体量分别减少了24.0%和33.2%,ε-PL得率提高了34.2%和30.7%。【结论】基因组重排结合核糖体工程育种是一种有效的ε-PL高产菌选育手段,研究结果将为ε-PL高产菌改造和工业生产碳源选择提供直接指导。     

用Genome shuffling技术选育紫杉醇高产菌株

以树状多节孢（Nodulisporium sylviforme）紫杉醇产生菌为研究对象,探索了紫杉醇产生菌的基因组重排育种的基本规律,重点研究了紫杉醇产生菌的原生质体融合和基因组重排育种的方法．采用薄层层析（TLC）、高效液相色谱（HPLC）和质谱（MS）分析筛选重组子,通过四轮基因组重排成功选育出了3株遗传稳定的高产紫杉醇菌株,其中一株重排菌株F4-26的发酵液中紫杉醇含量达到516-37μg几,比原始出发菌株NCEU-1紫杉醇产量提高了64．41％,比亲本菌株紫杉醇产量提高了31．52％-44．72％．     

北京棒杆菌转酮酶:基因克隆、序列分析与表达

【目的】转酮酶是非氧化磷酸戊糖途径中的关键酶。从北京棒杆菌(Corynebacterium pekinense PD-67)中克隆转酮酶(transketolase,EC2.2.1.1,TK)基因,并将转酮酶基因在C.pekinense PD-67中进行表达,研究增加转酮酶活性对C.pekinense PD-67生理特性的影响。【方法】分别以C.pekinense野生株AS1.299和突变株PD-67的基因组为模板,用PCR方法扩增tkt的全基因序列和前端控制序列;通过pAK6载体提高tkt基因在C.pekinense PD-67中的拷贝数,从而提高C.pekinense PD-67中转酮酶的活性。【结果】tkt基因核苷酸序列及其编码的氨基酸序列与结构分析结果表明,C.pekinense突变株PD-67与野生株AS1.299相比较,二者调控序列及结构基因核苷酸序列完全一致。与谷氨酸棒杆菌ATCC13032相比较,突变株PD-67的氨基酸序列有5个氨基酸差异,其中4个位于与辅因子硫胺素焦磷酸结合的结构域内。突变株PD-67来源的tkt基因在北京棒杆菌PD-67中得到了表达,重组菌转酮酶比活力比对照菌株提高了2倍。C.pekinense PD-67(pTK3)与对照菌株PD-67(pAK6)相比,生长加快,L-色氨酸的最终积累量也较高。【结论】本工作从C.pekinense1.299和PD-67中克隆到tkt基因,并实现tkt基因的同源表达。适当提高菌株转酮酶活力,有助于菌体生长和色氨酸积累。     

北京棒杆菌DAHP合成酶Ⅰ基因的克隆﹑序列分析及表达

摘要：【目的】从北京棒杆菌(Corynebacterium pekinense)中克隆DAHP合成酶 (EC 2.5.1.54,3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate-7-phosphate synthase, DS)Ⅰ基因,对其进行功能验证;并将DAHP合成酶Ⅰ基因在C. pekinensePD-67进行同源表达,研究该酶的比活力与生长的相关性。【方法】分别以C. pekinense野生株AS1.299和突变株PD-67的基因组为模板,用PCR方法扩增了DAHP合成 酶Ⅰ的全基因序列aroⅠ和前端控制序列;通过pAK6载体提高DAHP合成酶Ⅰ基因在C. pekinen-sePD-67中的拷贝数实现其同源表达。【结果】核苷酸序列分析结果表明,C. pekinense 野生株AS1.299与突变株PD-67相比较,DAHP合成酶Ⅰ基因序列完全一样;通过PCR方法得到的DAHP合成酶Ⅰ基因结构功能完整,能与DAHP合成酶完全缺陷的E.coli 3257实现异源互补。突变株PD-67来源的DAHP合成酶Ⅰ基因在重组菌PD-67( pAD1)中进行了表达,在稳定期初期重组菌PD-67( pAD1)的DAHP合成酶Ⅰ的酶比活力比同期的对照菌株PD-67( pAK6)中的该酶酶比活力提高了约5倍。【结论】本工作首次证实了 C. pekinense 1.299和PD-67中存在DAHP合成酶Ⅰ基因,异源互补试验证明扩增得到的DNA片段编码DAHP合成酶Ⅰ,酶学性质研究表明DAHP合成酶Ⅰ基因在C. pekinensePD-67中的同源表达将有助于提高该菌的色氨酸积累。     

基因组重排选育胸苷磷酸化酶高产菌株

以短乳杆菌为研究对象,通过基因组重排技术选育胸苷磷酸化酶高产菌株。首先采用紫外复合诱变筛选出EA42、EB27作为基因组重排育种的亲本并制备成原生质体,分别采用紫外照射50min和60℃水浴加热60min双亲灭活原生质体,然后用质量分数40％PEG6000,30℃恒温诱导融合10min进行基因组重排。经过3轮基因组重排育种,成功选育出3株胸苷磷酸化酶高产菌株,其中菌株F3-36在菌体发酵量提高的前提下,进行5次传代测试其胸苷磷酸化酶活均在2．500U／mg湿菌体,比原始菌株酶活提高了260％。     

核糖体工程技术选育ε-聚赖氨酸高产菌株

【目的】利用核糖体工程技术选育Streptomyces albulus AS3-14的链霉素和利福平双重抗性突变株,以提高其ε-聚赖氨酸合成能力。【方法】通过链霉素抗性筛选,获得链霉素抗性的ε-聚赖氨酸产量提高突变株;在此基础上,继续筛选其利福平抗性突变株,实现链霉素和利福平双重抗性ε-聚赖氨酸高产菌选育。【结果】获得的双重抗性高产突变株Streptomyces albulus WG-608的ε-聚赖氨酸摇瓶产量达到3.7 g/L,5 L发酵罐补料分批发酵ε-聚赖氨酸产量达到53.0 g/L,较出发菌株分别提高了42.3%和32.5%。【结论】链霉素和利福平双重抗性选育能够显著提高ε-聚赖氨酸产生菌Streptomyces albulus的产物合成能力。     

常压室温等离子体诱变选育L-精氨酸生产菌及发酵条件优化

【目的】通过常压室温等离子体诱变技术选育L-精氨酸高产菌株,利用响应面设计探索突变菌株生产L-精氨酸的最佳发酵条件。【方法】采用常压室温等离子体生物诱变系统对实验室保藏的Corynebacterium glutamicum GUI089进行系列诱变,选育L-高精氨酸和8-氮鸟嘌呤抗性菌株。在单因子实验的基础上,应用Plackett-Burman设计从7个因素中筛选出对L-精氨酸合成具有显著效应的(NH4)2SO4、葡萄糖和尿素3个因素。基于上述结果,进一步采用响应面设计优化出主要影响因素的最佳参数水平。【结果】经过一系列的诱变和筛选,选育出一株L-高精氨酸(15 g/L)和8-氮鸟嘌呤(0.7 g/L)抗性菌株,并将此菌株命名为C.glutamicum ARG 3-16。此菌株的L-精氨酸产量比出发菌株提高了49.79%,且发酵液中杂酸的浓度明显降低,特别是L-脯氨酸、L-谷氨酸和L-缬氨酸。在经响应面优化后的最佳发酵条件下,L-精氨酸的产量达到39.72±0.75 g/L,比优化前提高了10.49%。【结论】通过常压室温等离子体诱变技术成功选育出一株L-精氨酸高产菌株,利用响应面法有效地优化了发酵条件,实验结果表明突变株ARG 3-16具有潜在的生产应用价值。     

L—赖氨酸高产菌株选育的研究

L-赖氨酸产生菌钝齿棒杆菌（Corynebacteriumcrenatum）N30－25菌株经紫外线诱变处理,分别在含有不同浓度的七叶苷的培养基上进行筛选,经摇瓶多次复筛获得了3株高产变异菌株。对这3株菌在相同发酵条件下进行发酵生产L－赖氨酸,与出发菌株比较,产量提高了22－31％,经过3次传代,产生L－赖氨酸能力仍很稳定。     

具有双重抗生素抗性的ε-聚赖氨酸高产菌株选育及生理特性

以ε-聚赖氨酸产量为1.60g/L的Streptomyces albulus M-Z18为出发菌株,利用核糖体工程技术选育具有双重抗生素抗性的ε-聚赖氨酸高产菌株,并对高产菌株和出发菌株的生理生化性能进行比较。通过链霉素诱变成功选育出了1株遗传稳定的ε-聚赖氨酸产生菌S.albulus S-7,ε-聚赖氨酸产量为2.03g/L;对S.albulus S-7叠加巴龙霉素,获得1株遗传稳定的具有双重抗性的ε-聚赖氨酸产生菌S.albulus SP-14,ε-聚赖氨酸产量为2.37g/L,比出发菌株S.albulus M-Z18的ε-聚赖氨酸产量增加了48.10%。使用链霉素和巴龙霉素选育具有双重抗生素抗性的ε-聚赖氨酸高产菌株是一种有效的手段。     

Nisin高产菌株的高通量筛选

【目的】乳酸链球菌素(nisin)是一种天然生物活性抗菌肽,对包括食品腐败菌和致病菌在内的许多革兰氏阳性菌具有强烈的抑制作用,而用作食品的防腐剂。本研究通过建立高通量筛选方法,实现高效快速省力的高产菌株筛选,为工业上筛选高产菌株提供研究方案。【方法】通过对Lactococcus lactis ATCC11454菌株进行紫外诱变,获得2511株突变株。利用Biomek FXP自动工作站建立96微孔板的高通量筛选方法,突变株经高通量挑选、菌种培养及菌液稀释后,加入到生长至对数中期的藤黄微球菌中,采用改进后的比浊法快速检测nisin生物活性。用此方法对突变株进行初筛、复筛后可得到nisin高产菌株,并通过摇瓶发酵评估高通量筛选方法。【结果】确定比浊法检测的条件为:nisin活性稀释在10–25 IU/m L范围内,与藤黄微球菌反应2 h后检测藤黄微球菌的菌体量(OD600)。2511株突变株经过2轮高通量筛选,最终获得约50株产量提升的菌株,对其中8株进行摇瓶精确测量,显示产量均有提高,并且其中一株产量提升了30%,成功建立了高通量筛选nisin高产菌株的方法。【结论】利用比浊检测法,在其基础上成功建立高通量筛选高产nisin菌的方法,经过初筛复筛,整个周期由1人耗时5 d即可完成2511株突变株的筛选工作。相较于传统的选育方法,高通量筛选具有快速、稳定、高效的特点,提高了筛选效率,缩短了选育周期,是工业上筛选高产nisin菌的有效手段。     

Screening and breeding of high taxol producing fungi by genome shuffling

To apply the fundamental principles of genome shuffling in breeding of taxol-producing fungi, Nodulisporium sylviform was used as starting strain in this work. The procedures of protoplast fusion and genome shuffling were studied. Three hereditarily stable strains with high taxol production were obtained by four cycles of genome shuffling. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of taxol produced was confirmed using thin-layer chromatography (TLC), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and LC-MS. A high taxol producing fungus, Nodulisporium sylviform F4-26, was obtained, which produced 516.37 μg/L taxol. This value is 64.41% higher than that of the starting strain NCEU-1 and 31.52%–44.72% higher than that of the parent strains.     

Strains of Corynebacterium glutamicum with Different Lysine Productivities May Have Different Lysine Excretion Systems

The lysine excretion systems of three different lysine-producing strains of Corynebacterium glutamicum were characterized in intact cells. Two strains (DG 52-5 and MH 20-22B) are lysine producers of different efficiency. They were bred by classical mutagenesis and have a feedback-resistant aspartate kinase. The third strain (KK 25) was constructed from the wild type by introducing the feedback-resistant aspartate kinase gene of strain MH 20-22B into its genome. The three strains were shown to possess different excretion systems. Export in strain KK 25 is much slower than in the two mutants. The differences between the two lysine-producing strains are more subtle. K(m) and V(max) are similar, but pH dependence and membrane potential dependence reveal differences in the intrinsic properties of the carrier system.     

基因组改组技术快速提高扩展青霉碱性脂肪酶产量

应用基因组改组技术快速提高扩展青霉碱性脂肪酶的产量。采用经过多代诱变的碱性脂肪酶产生菌扩展青霉(Penicillium expansum)FS8486以及分离自新疆火焰山口土样的溜曲霉(Aspergillus tamarii)FS-132作为出发菌株,经过两轮基因组改组,得到数株优良子代。其中一株酶活较出发菌株FS8486提高317%。对亲本与子代菌株的形态型、RAPD(随机扩增多态性DNA)多态性和脂肪酸组成分析初步确定筛选获得的菌株为亲本的改组子代。首次将基因组改组技术成功应用于真核微生物基因组改造,短期内使目标代谢产物获得提高,这对于在真核微生物育种中进一步推广该技术具有重要意义。     

Screening and breeding of high taxol producing fungi by genome shuffling

To apply the fundamental principles of genome shuffling in breeding of taxol-producing fungi, Nodulisporium sylviform was used as starting strain in this work. The procedures of protoplast fusion and genome shuffling were studied. Three hereditarily stable strains with high taxol production were obtained by four cycles of genome shuffling. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of taxol produced was confirmed using thin-layer chromatography (TLC), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and LC-MS. A high taxol producing fungus, Nodulisporium sylviform F4-26, was obtained, which produced 516.37 μg/L taxol. This value is 64.41% higher than that of the starting strain NCEU-1 and 31.52%―44.72% higher than that of the parent strains.     

1,3-丙二醇产生茵基因组重排育种

[目的]本文以肺炎克雷伯氏杆菌为研究对象,利用基因组重排技术,提高其对发酵体系中主要产物的耐受性,获得1,3-丙二醇高产菌.[方法]以含预处理后的出发菌株的补料发酵终点液的96孔板为筛选方法,利用基因组重排技术育种.[结果]筛选到的5株高产菌株(LSG1,LSG2,LSG4,LSG5,LSG6),在3升罐批次发酵中的1...     

Genome shuffling of marine derived bacterium <Emphasis Type="Italic">Nocardia</Emphasis> sp. ALAA 2000 for improved ayamycin production

Genome shuffling is a recent development in microbiology. The advantage of this technique is that genetic changes can be made in a microorganism without knowing its genetic background. Genome shuffling was applied to the marine derived bacterium Nocardia sp. ALAA 2000 to achieve rapid improvement of ayamycin production. The initial mutant population was generated by treatment with ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) combined with UV irradiation of the spores, resulting in an improved population (AL/11, AL/136, AL/213 and AL/277) producing tenfold (150 μg/ml) more ayamycin than the original strain. These mutants were used as the starting strains for three rounds of genome shuffling and after each round improved strains were screened and selected based on their ayamycin productivity. The population after three rounds of genome shuffling exhibited an improved ayamycin yield. Strain F3/22 yielded 285 μg/ml of ayamycin, which was 19-fold higher than that of the initial strain and 1.9-fold higher than the mutants used as the starting point for genome shuffling. We evaluated the genetic effect of UV + EMS-mutagenesis and three rounds of genome shuffling on the nucleotide sequence by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. Many differences were noticed in mutant and recombinant strains compared to the wild type strain. These differences in RAPD profiles confirmed the presence of genetic variations in the Nocardia genome after mutagenesis and genome shuffling.     

Screening and construction of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains with improved multi-tolerance and bioethanol fermentation performance

In this study, a systemic analysis was initially performed to investigate the relationship between fermentation-related stress tolerances and ethanol yield. Based on the results obtained, two elite Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains, Z8 and Z15, with variant phenotypes were chosen to construct strains with improved multi-stress tolerance by genome shuffling in combination with optimized initial selection. After three rounds of genome shuffling, a shuffled strain, YZ1, which surpasses its parent strains in osmotic, heat, and acid tolerances, was obtained. Ethanol yields of YZ1 were 3.11%, 10.31%, and 10.55% higher than those of its parent strains under regular, increased heat, and high gravity fermentation conditions, respectively. YZ1 was applied to bioethanol production at an industrial scale. Results demonstrated that the variant phenotypes from available yeast strains could be used as parent stock for yeast breeding and that the genome shuffling approach is sufficiently powerful in combining suitable phenotypes in a single strain.     

基因组重排与传统育种相结合选育大观霉素高产菌株

以壮观链霉菌(Streptomyces spectabilis)为研究对象,采用基因组重排技术与传统诱变育种相结合的方法选育大观霉素的高产菌株.通过原生质体紫外诱变获得壮观链霉菌突变体群体,高产突变菌株间进行两轮的基因组重排,筛选的高产菌株用NTG诱变得新霉素和链霉素的抗性突变菌株,抗性突变菌株间进行两轮基因组重排,从...     

Genome shuffling enhanced L-lactic acid production by improving glucose tolerance of Lactobacillus rhamnosus

Genome shuffling is a powerful strategy for rapid engineering of microbial strains for desirable industrial phenotypes. Here we applied the genome shuffling to improve the glucose tolerance of Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 11443 while simultaneously enhancing the L-lactic acid production. The starting population was generated by ultraviolet irradiation and nitrosoguanidine mutagenesis and then subjected for the recursive protoplast fusion. The positive colonies from library created by fusing the inactivated protoplasts were more likely to be screened on plates containing different concentrations of high glucose and 2% CaCO(3). Characterization of all mutants and wild-type strain in the shake flask indicated the compatibility of two optimal phenotypes of glucose tolerance and lactic acid enhancement. The lactic acid production, cell growth and glucose consumption of the best performing strain from the second round genome shuffled populations were 71.4%, 44.9% and 62.2% higher than those of the wild type at the initial glucose concentration of 150 g/l in the 16l bioreactor. Furthermore, the higher lactic acid concentrations were obtained when the initial glucose concentrations increased to 160 and 200 g/l in batch fermentation.     

Drug resistance marker-aided genome shuffling to improve acetic acid tolerance in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Saccharomyces cerevisiae</Emphasis>

Acetic acid existing in a culture medium is one of the most limiting constraints in yeast growth and viability during ethanol fermentation. To improve acetic acid tolerance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains, a drug resistance marker-aided genome shuffling approach with higher screen efficiency of shuffled mutants was developed in this work. Through two rounds of genome shuffling of ultraviolet mutants derived from the original strain 308, we obtained a shuffled strain YZ2, which shows significantly faster growth and higher cell viability under acetic acid stress. Ethanol production of YZ2 (within 60 h) was 21.6% higher than that of 308 when 0.5% (v/v) acetic acid was added to fermentation medium. Membrane integrity, higher in vivo activity of the H⁺-ATPase, and lower oxidative damage after acetic acid treatment are the possible reasons for the acetic acid-tolerance phenotype of YZ2. These results indicated that this novel genome shuffling approach is powerful to rapidly improve the complex traits of industrial yeast strains.