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1.
Twelve extracts obtained from nine plants belonging to six different genera of Clusiaceae were analyzed against Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis) bacteria using the microdilution broth assay. Tovomita aff. longifolia, T. brasiliensis, Clusia columnaris, Garcinia madruno, Haploclathra paniculata, and Caraipa grandifolia extracts showed significant results against the bacteria. The organic extract obtained from the leaves of T. aff. longifolia showed minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) = 70 microg/ml and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) = 90 microg/ml against E. faecalis and the organic extract made with the stem of C. columnaris showed MIC = 180 microg/ml and MBC = 270 microg/ml against P. aeruginosa. None of the antibacterial extracts showed lethal activity against brine shrimp nauplii. On the other hand, both aqueous and organic extracts obtained from the aerial organs of Vismia guianensis that were cytotoxic to brine shrimp nauplii did not show a significant antibacterial activity in the assay.  相似文献   

2.
海金沙提取物体外抑菌性能研究   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
用M/C和纸片法考查了海金沙提取物对藤黄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和乙型溶血性链球菌的抑菌性能。结果表明:海金沙对4种受试菌株都有抑菌活性;37℃时,醇提物对乙型溶血性链球菌的抑菌效果最好,最大抑菌圈为8.5mm;42℃时,对藤黄球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和枯草杆菌的抑菌效果最好,最大抑菌圈分别为21、13.2和6.5mm。pH值为7.6时,海金沙醇提物在对藤黄球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草杆菌和乙型溶血性链球菌的最大抑菌圈分别为9.1、8.2、9mm和11.3mm。海金沙水提物和醇提物对藤黄球菌、乙型溶血性链球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌的最低抑菌质量分数分别为25%、12.5%、12.5%、25%和3.12%、1.56%、6.25%、3.12%.  相似文献   

3.
The evaluation of the activity of the aqueous and ethyl acetate extracts of the leaves of Piper regnellii was tested against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The aqueous extract displayed a weak activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 1000 micrograms/ml. The ethyl acetate extract presented a good activity against S. aureus and B. subtilis with MIC and MBC at 15.62 micrograms/ml. In contrast to the relative low MICs for gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria were not inhibited by the extracts at concentrations < or = 1000 mg/ml. The ethyl acetate extract was fractionated on silica gel into nine fractions. The hexane and chloroform fractions were active against S. aureus (MIC at 3.9 micrograms/ml) and B. subtilis (MIC at 3.9 and 7.8 micrograms/ml, respectively). Using bioactivity-directed fractionation, the hexane fraction was rechromatographed to yield the antimicrobial compounds 1, 2, 5, and 6 identified as eupomatenoid-6, eupomatenoid-5, eupomatenoid-3, and conocarpan, respectively. The pure compounds 1 and 2 showed a good activity against S. aureus with MIC of 1.56 micrograms/ml and 3.12 micrograms/ml, respectively. Both compounds presented MIC of 3.12 micrograms/ml against B. subtilis. The pure compound 6 named as conocarpan was quite active against S. aureus and B. subtilis with MIC of 6.25 micrograms/ml. The antibacterial properties of P. regnellii justify its use in traditional medicine for the treatment of wounds, contaminated through bacteria infections.  相似文献   

4.
目的研究紫穗槐种子提取物的抑菌活性。方法将紫穗槐种子乙醇提取物分别通过石油醚、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇萃取,选择金黄色葡萄球菌和肺炎克雷伯杆菌为供试菌,采用试管二倍稀释法测定紫穗槐种子提取物的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC),涂布平板法绘制杀菌曲线,电镜下观察药物对细菌超微结构的影响。结果紫穗槐种子提取物经乙酸乙酯萃取后对供试菌抑制作用较强,其中对金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC和MBC分别为2.5、5.0mg/mL;对肺炎克雷伯杆菌的MIC和MBC分别为5.0、10.0mg/mL;杀菌曲线结果表明,药物对供试菌的抑制作用存在浓度和时间依赖性;电镜结果说明,药物的作用可能与破坏菌体细胞壁、改变细胞膜通透性有关。结论紫穗槐种子提取物具有显著的抗菌活性。  相似文献   

5.
土茯苓提取物抗细菌活性的研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
通过测定土茯苓提取物对革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌的抑菌活性,来更全面的评价和综合利用土茯苓资源,实验结果表明土苓955乙醇和乙酸乙酯的提取物抑菌范围广,服抑菌活性强,这两种提取物的MIC和MBC值显示了土茯苓作为抗细菌资源的可利用价值。  相似文献   

6.
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the antibacterial activity of seven ethanolic extracts and three aqueous extracts from various parts (leaves, stems and flowers) of A. aroma against 163 strains of antibiotic multi-resistant bacteria. The disc diffusion assay was performed to evaluate antibacterial activity of the A. aroma crude extracts, against several Gram-positive bacteria (E. faecalis, S. aureus, coagulase-negative stahylococci, S. pyogenes, S. agalactiae, S. aureus ATCC 29213, E. faecalis ATCC 29212) and Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli., K. pneumoniae, P. mirabilis, E. cloacae, S. marcescens, M morganii, A. baumannii, P. aeruginosa, S. maltophilia, E. coli ATCC 35218, P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853, E. coli ATCC 25922). All ethanolic extracts showed activity against gram-positive bacteria. Among all obtained extracts, only leaf and flower fluid extracts showed activity against Gram-negative bacteria. Based on this bioassay, leaf fluid extracts tended to be the most potent, followed by flower fluid extracts. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of extracts and antibiotics were comparatively determined by agar and broth dilution methods. Both extracts were active against S. aureus, coagulase-negative stahylococci, E. faecalis and E. faecium and all tested Gram-negative bacteria with MIC values from 0.067 to 0.308 mg/ml. In this study the minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) values were identical or twice as high than the corresponding MIC for leaf extracts and four or eight times higher than MIC values for flower extracts. This may indicate a bactericidal effect. Stored extracts have similar antibacterial activity as recently obtained extracts. The A. aroma extracts of leaves and flowers may be useful as antibacterial agents against Gram- negative and Gram-positive antibiotic multi-resistant microorganisms.  相似文献   

7.
In the present study, antibacterial activity of aqueous and organic extracts of Psidium guajava leaves was evaluated against multidrug resistant (MDR) clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus strains collected from hospitals in northern (Malabar region) Kerala. The strains which exhibited resistance against all the antibiotics tested was selected for antibacterial assays. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for methanolic and aqueous extracts was found to be 625 ug/ml and 7.5 mg/ml, respectively. Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) recorded for methanolic and aqueous extracts was 1.25 and 12.5 mg/ml, respectively. Methanolic extract at minimum bactericidal concentration inhibited the growth of MDR strain by 80%. Time-kill assay revealed that methanolic extract (4 mg/ml) killed MDR bacteria within 10 hr. Total polypeptide profiling of bacterial cultures by SDS-PAGE indicated a high degree of protein degradative activity of the extract. Finally, a human RBC based haemolytic assay showed absence of haemolysis even at concentrations higher than that of MBC, advocating thereby its safety in therapeutic use.  相似文献   

8.
采用琼脂稀释法研究西瓜藤提取物的体外抑菌作用,用小鼠腹腔注射金黄色葡萄球菌法研究80%醇提物的体内抑菌作用。结果表明:西瓜藤提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希氏菌、铜绿假单胞菌、伤寒沙门氏菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和肺炎克雷伯氏菌均有不同程度的抑制作用,但对链球菌作用不明显。其中80%醇提取物和乙酸乙酯萃取物抑制金黄色葡萄球菌活性最好,其最低抑菌浓度(MIC)分别为4.2、8.4mg.mL-1。体内实验也表明,乙醇提取物具有较好的抑菌作用。西瓜藤提取物具有抑菌活性,在抑菌方面有一定开发前景。  相似文献   

9.
Polygonum aviculare (Polygonaceae) is an herb commonly distributed in Mediterranean coastal regions in Egypt and used in folkloric medicine. Organic and aqueous solvent extracts and fractions of P. aviculare were investigated for antimicrobial activities on several microorganisms including bacteria and fungi. Phytochemical constituents of air-dried powered plant parts were extracted using aqueous and organic solvents (acetone, ethanol, chloroform and water). Antimicrobial activity of the concentrated extracts was evaluated by determination of the diameter of inhibition zone against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and fungi using paper disc diffusion method.Results of the phytochemical studies revealed the presence of tannins, saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids and sesquiterpenes and the extracts were active against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Chloroform extract gave very good and excellent antimicrobial activity against all tested bacteria and good activity against all tested fungi except Candida albicans. Structural spectroscopic analysis that was carried out on the active substances in the chloroform extract led to the identification of panicudine (6-hydroxy-11-deoxy-13 dehydrohetisane).Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of panicudine indicated significant activity against all tested Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms. Panicudine displayed considerable activity against the tested fungi with the exception of C. albicans. Antimicrobial activity of the extracts was unaffected after exposure to different heat treatments, but was reduced at alkaline pH. Studies of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of panicudine on the tested organisms showed that the lowest MIC and the MBC were demonstrated against Salmonella paratyphi, Bacillus subtilis and Salmonella typhi and the highest MIC and MBC were against Staphylococcus aureus.  相似文献   

10.
AIMS: To determine the antibacterial and cytotoxic activities of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of northwestern Argentinian plants used in folk medicine. To compare the mentioned activities with those of five commercial antibiotics. To identify the compounds responsible for the antibacterial activity. METHODS AND RESULTS: Plant extracts were prepared according to traditional uses in northwestern Argentina. Antibacterial activity was assayed by agar dilution in Petri dishes and broth dilution in 96-well plates. Lethal dose 50 (LD(50)) was determined by the Artemia salina assay. Phytochemical analysis was performed by sample adsorption on silica gel, thin-layer chromatography (TLC), bioautography and UV-visible spectra. The results showed that Tripodanthus acutifolius aqueous extracts have lower minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) (502 and 506 microg of extracted material (EM) per ml for infusion and decoction, respectively) than cefotaxim MIC (640 microg ml(-1)) against Acinetobacterfreundii (303). These data were lower than their LD(50). Tripodanthus acutifolius tincture showed lower MIC (110 microg of EM per ml) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) (220 microg of EM per ml) than cefotaxim (MIC and MBC of 320 microg ml(-1)) for Pseudomonasaeruginosa. This extract also showed a MIC/MBC of 110/220 microg of EM per ml, lower than oxacillin (MIC/MBC of 160/220 microg ml(-1)) for Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923). The cytotoxicity of all extracts were compared with that of commercial antibiotics. Rutin (3,3',4',5,7-pentahydroxyflavone 3-beta-rhamnosilglucoside), iso-quercitrin (3,3',4',5,7-pentahydroxyflavone 3-beta-glucoside) and a terpene would be partially responsible for the antibacterial activity of T. acutifolius infusion. CONCLUSIONS: Tripodanthus acutifolius extracts had the ability to inhibit bacterial growth. The antibacterial activity differs with the applied extractive method, and it could be partially attributed to glycoflavonoids. This paper contributes to the knowledge of antibacterial capacity of plants from northwestern Argentina. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: These antibacterial activities support further studies to discover new chemical structures that can contribute to alleviate or cure some illnesses.  相似文献   

11.
The sensitivity of two Gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) and two Gram negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) pathogenic multi-drug resistant bacteria was tested against the crude extracts (cold aqueous, hot aqueous, and methanol extracts) of leaves and seeds of Argemone mexicana L. (Papaveraceae) by agar well diffusion method. Though all the extracts were found effective, yet the methanol extract showed maximum inhibition against the test microorganisms followed by hot aqueous extract and cold aqueous extract.  相似文献   

12.
The antibacterial activity of the methanolic extract and its fractions of aerial parts of Aniheinis tinctoria (Asteraceae) was investigated against representative gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) and Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212) and gram-negative strains Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853). The activity was concentrated mainly in the dichloromethane (DCM) and hexane fractions of crude methanolic extract. The 5 mg of DCM extract per disk produced 15-16 mm of inhibition zone against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, however, no activity was found against E. faecalis and E. coli. The hexane fraction showed activity against S. aureus, P. aeruginosa and E. faecalis. As DCM fraction showed the highest antibacterial activity in the disk diffusion assay, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values of only this fraction was determined against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. These values were found to be in the range of 1.25 to 10 mg/ml.  相似文献   

13.
The hexane, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, methanol extracts and spent media (extracellular substances) were tested in vitro for their antibacterial activity for which one Gram-positive bacterium (Staphylococcus aureus) and four Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, and Klebsiella pneumoniae) were used as test organisms. The methanol extract showed more potent activity than other organic extracts, spent medium of the culture exhibited little activity against E. coli only. No inhibitory effect was found against Klebsiella pneumoniae.The broth microdilution assay gave minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) values ranging from 1 to 512 μg/ml. The MIC of methanol extract against S. aureus and E. coli were 128 μg/ml and 256 μg/ml, respectively.  相似文献   

14.
An attempt was made to control waterborne pathogens by using medicinal plant extracts. One hundred and twenty-six water samples from filtration plants, tube wells, and water supplies were collected and analyzed for total and faecal Coliform bacteria as well as for total viable count. Results showed that waterborne pathogens were numerous and significantly higher than the World Health Organization's recommended guidelines. The methanolic and aqueous extracts of different parts of Colebrookia oppositifolia (Labiateae) were examined for antibacterial activities in vitro by an agar diffusion method. Antibacterial activity of leaves, shoots, and roots of Colebrookia oppositifolia was assessed against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria that were isolated and identified from water samples by the API 20E method. Extract of roots showed more antibacterial activities against Staph. aureus and B. cereus var. mycoides, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Shigella flexneri at 37°C, than extracts from leaves and shoots. The lowest MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) and MBC (minimum bactericidal concentration) were observed in roots as compared to shoots and leaves. These results suggest that there is an urgent need for improvement in existing water quality treatment. Secondly, the fruit extract can be practical for protection and to avoid risk of contamination by waterborne pathogens and to promote indigenous solutions for disease-control and environmental management.  相似文献   

15.
This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activities of 61 plant extracts from 49 Malaysian ethnomedicinal plants and to investigate the interaction of the active plant extracts in combination with synthetic antibiotics against the MSSA and MRSA strains. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the plant extracts were determined using a microdilution method against MSSA and MRSA strains. The interaction between active plant extracts and the antibiotics was assessed using the checkerboard method. The total fractional inhibitory concentration (∑FIC) indices from the combination were calculated to determine the nature of the interaction. Out of the 61 plant extracts tested against the MSSA strain, 7 plant extracts (̴ 11%) showed MIC values of less than 200 μg/mL, 17 extracts (̴ 28%) showed MIC between 200 and 800 µg/mL and seed extracts of Areca catechu showed MBC values of 400 μg/mL. The seed extract of A. catechu showed MIC and MBC of 400 μg/mL against the MRSA strains while leaf extract of Cocos nucifera showed MIC of 400 μg/mL against MRSA NCTC 12493. When the active plant extracts (MIC ≤ 200 µg/mL for MSSA, and ≤ 400 µg/mL for MRSA) were tested in combination with vancomycin and ciprofloxacin, they showed no interaction against both MSSA and MRSA with ∑FIC between 1.06 and 2.03. These findings provide a preliminary overview of the anti-MSSA and anti-MRSA properties of Malaysian ethnobotanical plants to combat Staphylococcal infections. Further research is needed to establish an antibacterial profile of the tested plant extracts.  相似文献   

16.
目的:探讨负载金属离子的5A沸石的体外抗菌作用。方法:选用金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单孢菌、白色念珠菌,利用倍比稀释法对5A沸石组、磺胺嘧啶银组及载不同浓度Ag+、Zn2+5A沸石共15组进行了体外抗菌试验研究,确定最佳抗菌效果离子负载方案。结果:三种细菌的MIC,双金属离子负载在抗菌上具有协同载Ag+5A沸石分别达到了125μg/ml~500μg/ml、31.25μg/ml~500μg/ml、250μg/ml~500μg/ml;附载Zn2+5A沸石分别达到了12.5mg/ml~25mg/ml、6.25mg/ml~50mg/ml、25mg/ml;负载双离子5A沸石分别为250μg/ml~500μg/ml、62.5μg/ml~500μg/ml、500μg/ml。结论:5A沸石负载金属离子后均具有抗菌作用,且抗菌作用与附载金属离子的量正相关;负载相同质量Ag+的5A沸石较附载Zn2+者具有更强的抗菌作用;双金属离子负载在抗菌上具有协同作用;2%Ag++8%Zn2+与2%Ag++10%Zn2+及4%载银组与阳性对照组无显著性差异。  相似文献   

17.
Inhibition of Helicobacter pylori by garlic extract (Allium sativum)   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
Abstract The antibacterial effect of aqueous garlic extract (AGE) was investigated against Helicobacter pylori . Sixteen clinical isolates and three reference strains of H. pylori were studied. Two different varieties of garlic were used. The concentration of AGE required to inhibit the bacterial growth was between 2–5 mg ml−1. The concentration, for both AGE types, to inhibit 90% (MIC90) of isolates was 5 mg ml−1. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was usually equal to, or two-fold higher than, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Heat treatment of extracts reduced the inhibitory or bactericidal activity against H. pylori ; the boiled garlic extract showed a loss of efficacy from two-to four-fold the values of MIC and the MBC obtained with fresh AGR. The antibacterial activity of garlic was also studied after combination with a proton pump-inhibitor (omeprazole) in a ratio of 250:1. A synergistic effect was found in 47% of strains studied; an antagonistic effect was not observed.  相似文献   

18.
《农业工程》2020,40(3):214-220
The aim of the present study is to assess the antimicrobial activities of various leaf extracts of Ocimum americanum were tested against pathogenic microorganisms. Preparation of different extracts viz., aqueous, acetone, ethyl acetate and methanol through soxhlet extraction method. Various extracts were investigated against MTCC strains of Bacillus cereus, Clostridium penfrigens, Klebsilla pnemoniae, Salmonella paratyphi, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger by agar well diffusion and disc diffusion methods. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), Minimum Bactericidal/Fungicindal Concentration (MBC/MFC) were determined through micro dilution method. Elucidation of phytochemicals and functional groups were observed by HPLC and FT-IR respectively. Ethyl acetate leaf extract of O.americanum showed significant antimicrobial activity against the all tested pathogens in agar well diffusion method in which B.cereus (17 mm) was observed high zone of inhibition. Whereas lowest inhibition was observed in aqueous extract against C.pentrigens (7 mm). The ranges of MIC values from 0.78 μg/ml to 50 μg/ml and MBC/MFC 1.56 μg/ml to 50 μg/ml were observed. Phytochemicals such as alkaloids, steroids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, terepenes, phenolic compounds cardiac glycosides were detected. Saponinns, flavonoids, tannins, phenolic compounds were observed in only ethyl acetate leaf extracts. Functional group of the leaf extracts was exhibited by FTIR and HPLC analysis of the ethyl acetate leaf extract was elutated at six peaks. Based on the results we concluded that ethyl acetate leaf extract of O.americanum has proved to be potentially effective than the other extracts. Therefore, ethyl acetate leaf extract of O.americanum could act as antimicrobial agent and further studies are recommended for isolation of compounds and toxicological studies.  相似文献   

19.
This study evaluates the antimicrobial effects of ethanolic extract of five herbal plants; Guava (Psidium guajava), Sage (Salvia officinalis), Rhamnus (Ziziphusspina Christi), Mulberry (Morusalba L.), and Olive (Oleaeuropaea L) leaves against several microbial population representing Gram positive, Gram negative and Mollicutes; S. aureus, E. coli, Pasteurella multocida, B. cereus, Salmonella Enteritidis and M. gallisepticum using standard agar disc diffusion technique and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). Different extracts reveal variable results against the microorganism under study. All extracts have no antibacterial potency for Mycoplasma gallisepticum except Psidium guajava. The results of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the extracts against the six bacteria ranged from 625 to 5000 μg/ml. The used herbal extract could inhibit the selected microorganism under study with variable minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC).  相似文献   

20.
采用纸片扩散法和试管稀释法,研究金樱子茎不同溶剂粗提取物对临床常见病原细菌的抑菌活性。结果表明,金樱子茎水提取物对绿脓杆菌、痢疾杆菌、大肠杆菌、变形杆菌无抑菌活性;对伤寒杆菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)为20 mg(生药)/mL;对金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC为10 mg(生药)/mL。金樱子茎75%乙醇提取物对绿脓杆菌、伤寒杆菌、痢疾杆菌、大肠杆菌、变形杆菌无抑菌活性;对金黄色葡萄球菌MIC为10 mg(生药)/mL。金樱子茎乙酸乙酯、氯仿、石油醚提取物对绿脓杆菌、伤寒杆菌、痢疾杆菌、大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、变形杆菌无抑菌活性。  相似文献   

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