共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 171 毫秒
1.
采用离子选择电极测量羊浦肯野纤维细胞膜内钠离子活度(~(ai)N_a),细胞间钾离子活度(a~ok)及细胞膜电位(v_m),观察不同浓度低钠,无钙液对其影响,在无钙低钠液中,细胞内Na~+逐出,α~iNa 降低,其变化速率,幅值与[Na]_o 相关,同时也受细胞 a~iNa 初始水平(aiNa(o))的影响。aiNa 下降6min 时的稳态水平与[Na]_o 呈直线正相关,这些结果表明,[Na]_o 降低时,细胞膜钠泵活动加强,细胞内 Na~+逐出增加,其最终结果是使 Na+跨膜梯度维持相对稳定,因而可以认为是 Na~+跨膜梯度而不是单纯的细胞内 Na~+控制膜钠泵活动。在低 Na~+液引起细胞内 Na~+主动逐出增加的同时,细胞膜出现超极化,[Na]_o 愈低,膜超极化程度愈高,从低钠液引起的 a~i_(Na),V_m,α~o_k 变化之间的时程关系看,膜超极化主要由加大的外向泵电流引起,同时发生的细胞间 K~+浓度变化对其也有一定影响。 相似文献
2.
钙对盐胁迫下棉苗离子吸收分配的影响 总被引:10,自引:1,他引:9
研究了钙对NaCl胁迫下棉花幼苗体内离子分布的影响及其与根系质膜H+-ATP酶、液泡膜H+-ATP酶和H+-PP酶活性的关系。不同器官离子含量和根系横切面X-射线微区分析结果表明,NaCl胁迫下外源钙明显减少棉花幼苗对Na+的吸收及其向茎杆、叶片的运输,增加对K+和Ca2+的吸收及其向茎杆、叶片的运输,增强棉苗体内的盐分区域化分配,提高根冠比和干物质积累,根系电解质渗漏率下降。钙明显提高盐胁迫下幼根细胞质膜H+-ATP酶、液泡膜H+-ATP酶和H+-PP酶的活性,与钙调节棉花对离子的吸收、分配相一致,说明这些酶可以为根细胞中的Na+在液泡中积累以及K+、Ca2+的选择性吸收和运输提供动力。 相似文献
3.
胡杨披针形叶与宽卵形叶的渗透调节能力的差异 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
以胡杨披针形叶和宽卵形叶作为实验材料,对其组织水平的离子含量及不同类型细胞的离子分布特征、可溶性有机渗透调节物质的含量、液泡膜H+-ATPase的活性进行了测定。结果表明,Na+、Cl-、K+、Ca2+等离子的分布在两种叶片及不同细胞中有差异,主要表现为宽卵形叶中Na+、Cl-的含量分别为披针形叶的111.2%和118.4%,Na/K值和Na/Ca值分别为0.75和1.78,均高于披针形叶的。宽卵形叶的栅栏细胞的Na/K值和Na/Ca值较其维管束鞘细胞的高,而披针形叶的则正相反;宽卵形叶较披针形叶含有较高浓度的可溶性糖和脯氨酸,分别为514和0.751μmol·g-1FW,而甜菜碱的含量较低,为0.703μmol·g-1FW;宽卵形叶的液泡膜H+-ATPase的活性较披针形叶的高15.47%。以上结果表明胡杨宽卵形叶的渗透调节能力较强于披针形叶。本文还对两种叶片对胡杨适应其盐渍化生境的贡献进行了讨论。 相似文献
4.
拟南芥根皮层细胞质膜内向K+通道电生理特性分析 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
利用膜片钳技术对模式植物拟南芥根皮层细胞原生质体的内向跨膜钾电流进行了全细胞记录,并对内向K+通道的特性进行了分析.结果表明,拟南芥根细胞质膜上的内向K+通道由超极化膜电位所激活;该通道具有较高的K+/Na+选择性,可被TEA+和Ba2+等K+通道阻断剂所抑制,而且对胞内自由Ca2+浓度变化不敏感.这为进一步利用模式植物拟南芥进行植物K+吸收机制以及植物抗盐机制的研究奠定了基础. 相似文献
5.
NaCl胁迫对高粱根、叶鞘和叶片液泡膜ATP酶和焦磷酸酶活性的影响 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
NaCl胁迫初期 ,Na 主要在根和叶鞘中积累。相应地 ,根和叶鞘液泡膜ATP酶和焦磷酸酶水解活性、依赖ATP和PPi的质子泵活性及Na /H 逆向转运活性均明显增加 ,根和叶鞘的生长没有受到抑制。NaCl胁迫后期 ,Na 开始向地上部分运输并在叶片中积累。此时 ,叶片液泡膜质子泵和Na /H 逆向转运活性开始增加 ,根和叶鞘的Na/K比增加 ,其液泡膜ATP酶和焦磷酸酶水解活性、质子泵活性和Na /H 逆向转运活性下降。相应地 ,根和叶鞘的生长也下降。当保温介质中Na/K比超过 1时 ,液泡膜微囊ATP酶和焦磷酸酶活性均随Na/K比的增加而下降。表明非盐生植物液泡膜质子泵在盐胁迫的初期对Na 在液泡内的积累及其耐盐性起重要作用 相似文献
6.
《生态学杂志》2016,(8)
以日本鳗鲡(505.1±35.7)g为实验对象,分别在淡水(盐度0)、盐度10和盐度33条件下处理14 d,在0、1、4、12、24、96 h和14 d时测定其血清渗透压、离子(Na+、K+、Cl-)浓度和鳃Na+/K+-ATP酶活力指标。结果表明:日本鳗鲡血清等渗点为329.1 m Osm·kg-1,其对应盐度为10.48;随着处理时间延长,盐度处理组血清渗透压、Na+和Cl-浓度均呈现先上升后下降的趋势;血清K+浓度受盐度影响较小(P0.05);盐度10处理组鳃Na+/K+-ATP酶活力于12 h达到最小值(5.40±0.72)μmol·mg-1·h-1,至96 h时恢复至淡水组水平(P0.05);而盐度33处理组鳃Na+/K+-ATP酶活力则表现为先快速下降,后快速上升,并于24 h达到最大值(13.05±0.62)μmol·mg-1·h-1,约为淡水组的1.5倍(P0.05)。日本鳗鲡的渗透压调节可初步分为3个阶段:(1)快速升高期,血清渗透压、Na+和Cl-浓度异常升高,鳃Na+/K+-ATP酶活力受到抑制;(2)缓慢升高期,鱼体补偿失水以缓解渗透压升高,血清渗透压、Na+和Cl-浓度表现为缓慢升高,鳃Na+/K+-ATP酶被激活;(3)适应期,鳃Na+/K+-ATP酶活力处于较高水平,血清渗透压、离子浓度基本恢复。 相似文献
7.
8.
采用浸浴法研究了氧化纳米颗粒TiO2、ZnO、SiO2对剑尾鱼(Xiphophorus helleri)肝中Na+/K+-ATP酶活性的影响。结果表明:纳米TiO2处理组,高浓度(5 mg/L、10 mg/L)组表现为抑制作用,其中5 mg/L处理组Na+/K+-ATP酶的活性与对照组无显著差异(p>0.05),10 mg/L处理组中Na+/K+-ATP酶的活性显著低于对照组中酶的活性(p<0.05)。低浓度组(0.1 mg/L、1 mg/L)则表现为先诱导后抑制,除0.1 mg/L组在暴露1 d后与对照组有显著差异外(p<0.05),其余组与对照组均无显著差异(p>0.05)。纳米ZnO、SiO2处理组(0.1 mg/L、10 mg/L)在暴露1 d后,肝中Na+/K+-ATP酶的活性均比对照组高,随着暴露时间增加至20 d,Na+/K+-ATP酶活性下降,且显著低于对照组(p<0.05)。3种纳米颗粒的浓度为0.1 mg/L时,对暴露后1 d剑尾鱼肝中的Na+/K+-ATP酶活性的影响均为诱导作用,诱导大小顺序为ZnO>TiO2>SiO2;随着暴露时间的增加至10 d,纳米TiO2、ZnO、SiO2处理组对Na+/K+-ATP酶活性均表现出抑制作用。 相似文献
9.
铊是Ⅲ族元素,放射性药物铊(~(201)T1)对心肌组织有一定亲和性。近十多年,日趋广泛地应用于临床心肌灌注显影,诊断心肌疾患,效果较好。但它由细胞转运而为细胞摄取、组织浓集的机理至今未被阐明。本工作是在研究完整细胞摄取T1~+规律、机理的基础上,进一步探讨T1~+的细胞膜转运和(Na~+-K+)-ATP酶(Na泵)之间的联系,用人红细胞膜为材料,比较研究T1~+和K+激活人红细胞膜(Na~+-K+)-ATP酶的异同。 相似文献
10.
采用X射线微区分析技术,测定了4种生态型芦苇(Phragmites australis (CaV.) Trin. exSteud.)叶的表皮泡状细胞、叶肉细胞和叶脉维管束鞘细胞离子的含量.结果表明:沼泽芦苇的鞘细胞内,K+、Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+和Cl-分布均较叶肉细胞和泡状细胞高.沙丘芦苇的泡状细胞中Ca2+分布较叶肉细胞和鞘细胞高,而Mg2+在其叶肉细胞,以及K+、Na+和Cl-在其鞘细胞内分布均较高.在轻度盐化草甸芦苇的叶肉细胞内分布较多的Na+和Mg2+,而在鞘细胞内K+、Ca2+ 和Cl-的分布均较叶肉细胞和泡状细胞为高.重度盐化草甸芦苇的泡状细胞内Na+和Mg2+的分布较多;同样,在叶肉细胞中K+、Ca2+和Cl-的分布也较多.最后,讨论了上述各种离子在不同生态型芦苇叶内分布的状况, 以及与其环境适应的生理意义. 相似文献
11.
Endogenous cardiac glycosides, a new class of steroid hormones. 总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17
Wilhelm Schoner 《European journal of biochemistry》2002,269(10):2440-2448
The search for endogenous digitalis has led to the isolation of ouabain as well as several additional cardiotonic steroids of the cardenolide and bufadienolide type from blood, adrenals, and hypothalamus. The concentration of endogenous ouabain is elevated in blood upon increased Na(+) uptake, hypoxia, and physical exercise. Changes in blood levels of ouabain upon physical exercise occur rapidly. Adrenal cortical cells in tissue culture release ouabain upon addition of angiotensin II and epinephrine, and it is thought that ouabain is released from adrenal cortex in vivo. Ouabain levels in blood are elevated in 50% of Caucasians with low-renin hypertension. Infusion over several weeks of low concentrations of ouabain, but not of digoxin, induces hypertension in rats. A digoxin-like compound, which has been isolated from human urine and adrenals, as well various other endogenous cardiac glycosides may counterbalance their actions within a regulatory framework of water and salt metabolism. Marinobufagenin, for instance, whose concentration is increased after cardiac infarction, may show natriuretic properties because it inhibits the alpha1 isoform of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase, the main sodium pump isoform of the kidney, much better than other sodium pump isoforms. In analogy to other steroid hormones, cardiotonic steroid hormones in blood are bound to a specific cardiac glycoside binding globulin. The discovery of ouabain as a new adrenal hormone affecting Na(+) metabolism and the development of the new ouabain antagonist PST 2238 allows for new possibilities for the therapy of hypertension and congestive heart failure. This will lead in turn to a better understanding of the disease on a physiological and endocrinological level and of the action of ouabain on the cellular level as a signal that is transduced to the plasma membrane as well as to the cell nucleus. 相似文献
12.
Effects of triiodothyronine treatment on (Na+,K+)-ATPase in the brain, liver, kidney, and skeletal muscle were studied in the rat. The number of (Na+,K+)-ATPase units in the particulate fractions obtained from deoxycholate-treated homogenates was estimated from the concentration of [3H]ouabain binding sites assayed with a labeled drug-displacement method. The concentration of [3H]ouabain binding sites was highest in the brain tissue, intermediate in the kidney, and relatively low in the liver and skeletal muscle. The affinity of the binding sites for ouabain was highest in the brain, intermediate in the skeletal muscle, low in the kidney, and lowest in the liver. Triiodothyronine treatment increased the [3H]ouabain binding site concentration in the liver, kidney, and skeletal muscle but failed to affect it in the brain. Affinity of the binding sites for ouabain was unchanged by the triiodothyronine treatment in all tissues studied. These data indicate that triiodothyronine treatment of rats results in an increased tissue concentration of (Na+,K+)-ATPase in the liver, kidney, and skeletal muscle, but not in the brain. These changes do not accompany marked changes in the characteristics of the enzyme. 相似文献
13.
《Cell calcium》2020
Accumulating evidence obtained over the last three decades has revealed a neuroendocrine system in the brain that mediates long term increases in blood pressure. The system involves distinct ion transport pathways including the alpha-2 isoform of the Na,K pump and epithelial sodium channels, as well as critical hormone elements such as angiotensin II, aldosterone, mineralocorticoid receptors and endogenous ouabain. Activation of this system either by circulating or central sodium ions and/or angiotensin II leads to a cascading sequence of events that begins in the hypothalamus and involves the participation of several brain nuclei including the subfornical organ, supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei and the rostral ventral medulla. Key events include heightened aldosterone synthesis and mineralocorticoid receptor activation, upregulation of epithelial sodium channels, augmented synthesis and secretion of endogenous ouabain from hypothalamic magnocellular neurons, and sustained increases in sympathetic outflow. The latter step depends upon increased production of angiotensin II and the primary amplification of angiotensin II type I receptor signaling from the paraventricular nucleus to the rostral ventral lateral medulla. The transmission of sympathetic traffic is secondarily amplified in the periphery by increased short- and long-term potentiation in sympathetic ganglia and by sustained actions of endogenous ouabain in the vascular wall that augment expression of sodium calcium exchange, increase cytosolic Ca2+ and heighten myogenic tone and contractility. Upregulation of this multi-amplifier system participates in forms of hypertension where salt, angiotensin and/or aldosterone are elevated and contributes to adverse outcomes in heart failure. 相似文献
14.
We have provided data relating Cd concentration in tissue to about a 40-fold range in blood Cd concentration. Osmotic pumps containing cadmium chloride were subcutaneously implanted in male New Zealand white rabbits. The pumps continuously delivered either 0.15 or 1.5 mg Cd/d. Blood and plasma levels of Cd were measured weekly throughout the study. After 28 d, the rabbits were killed and tissue concentrations of Cd determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Less than 10% of the total Cd in the blood was carried in the plasma, the remainder was associated with the blood cells, where it was bound mainly to metallothionein. We found the blood and tissue levels of Cd were correlated for each tissue we investigated. There was a wide range in affinity of the tissues for Cd; liver and kidney had the highest Cd uptake, whereas brain affinity was about 500 times less than liver. 相似文献
15.
John R. Sachs Philip B. Dunham Donna L. Kropp J. Clive Ellory Joseph F. Hoffman 《The Journal of general physiology》1974,64(5):536-550
The characteristics of the interaction of Na-K pumps of high potassium (HK) and low potassium (LK) goat red blood cells with ouabain have been determined. The rate of inhibition by ouabain of the pump of HK cells is greater than the rate of inhibition of the pumps of LK cells. Treatment of LK cells with an antibody (anti-L) raised in HK sheep by injecting LK sheep red cells increases the rate of inhibition of the LK pumps by ouabain to that characteristic of HK pumps; reduction of intracellular K (Kc) in LK cells increases the rate at which ouabain inhibits their pumps and exposure of these low Kc cells to anti-L does not affect the rate of inhibition. There is considerable heterogeneity in the pumps of both HK and LK cells in the rate at which they interact with ouabain or the rate at which they pump or both. LK pumps which are sensitive to stimulation by anti-L bind ouabain less rapidly than the remainder of the LK pumps and exposure to antibody increases the rate at which ouabain binds to the sensitive pumps; the difference between the two types of pumps disappears if intracellular K is very low. The calculated number of ouabain molecules bound at 100% inhibition of the pump is about the same for HK and LK cells. Although exposure to anti-L increases the apparent number of ouabain binding sites in LK cells at normal Kc, it does not alter the apparent number of sites in LK cells when Kc has been reduced. 相似文献
16.
Lithium (1-8 mM) caused a dose-dependent increase in the number of [3H]ouabain binding sites and in sodium/potassium (Na/K) pump activity in normal lymphocytes after incubation for 72 h. The increase in Na/K pump activity was due to an increase in the Vmax of the pump, with no change in the apparent affinity (Km) for potassium (rubidium). There was no change in the turnover number of the pump and the intracellular sodium concentration fell. The increase in [3H]ouabain binding sites was prevented by the addition of myo-inositol (10 mM), by inhibition of the protein kinase C with staurosporine (100 nM) and by inhibition of the Na/H antiport with dimethylamiloride (50 microM). These results suggest that the increase in Na/K pump activity caused by lithium is due to an increase in pump numbers and not due to increased activity of individual pumps or to an alteration in the affinity of the pumps for potassium. The increase in Na/K pump numbers and activity in lymphocytes exposed to lithium for 72 h may be related to altered Na/H antiport activity secondary to inhibition of phosphoinositol breakdown by lithium. 相似文献
17.
Sodium content, sodium transport (ouabain-sensitive efflux rate of sodium, oMosNa; and ouabain-sensitive efflux rate constant of sodium, oKosNa), [3H]ouabain binding capacity, and Na+, K+-ATPase activity were measured in erythrocytes from young pigs (Sus scrofa). The sodium content, sodium transport, and the number of sodium pumps (assessed by ouabain binding capacity) were lower in the pig compared to the human erythrocytes. The efflux rate constant of sodium, oKosNa was 36% and the ouabain binding capacity was 60% of those in human, suggesting the degree of activation of sodium pump units is much lower. 相似文献
18.
Endogenous and exogenous cardiac glycosides: their roles in hypertension, salt metabolism, and cell growth 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Cardiotonic steroids (CTS), long used to treat heart failure, are endogenously produced in mammals. Among them are the hydrophilic cardenolide ouabain and the more hydrophobic cardenolide digoxin, as well as the bufadienolides marinobufagenin and telecinobufagin. The physiological effects of endogenous ouabain on blood pressure and cardiac activity are consistent with the "Na+-lag" hypothesis. This hypothesis assumes that, in cardiac and arterial myocytes, a CTS-induced local increase of Na+ concentration due to inhibition of Na+/K+-ATPase leads to an increase of intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) via a backward-running Na+/Ca2+ exchanger. The increase in [Ca2+]i then activates muscle contraction. The Na+-lag hypothesis may best explain short-term and inotropic actions of CTS. Yet all data on the CTS-induced alteration of gene expression are consistent with another hypothesis, based on the Na+/K+-ATPase "signalosome," that describes the interaction of cardiac glycosides with the Na+ pump as machinery activating various signaling pathways via intramembrane and cytosolic protein-protein interactions. These pathways, which may be activated simultaneously or selectively, elevate [Ca2+]i, activate Src and the ERK1/2 kinase pathways, and activate phosphoinositide 3-kinase and protein kinase B (Akt), NF-B, and reactive oxygen species. A recent development indicates that new pharmaceuticals with antihypertensive and anticancer activities may be found among CTS and their derivatives: the antihypertensive rostafuroxin suppresses Na+ resorption and the Src-epidermal growth factor receptor-ERK pathway in kidney tubule cells. It may be the parent compound of a new principle of antihypertensive therapy. Bufalin and oleandrin or the cardenolide analog UNBS-1450 block tumor cell proliferation and induce apoptosis at low concentrations in tumors with constitutive activation of NF-B. endogenous cardiotonic steroids; ouabain; marinobufagenin; rostafuroxin; bufalin; oleandrin; sodium pump; sodium/potassium-adenosinetriphosphatase; arterial hypertension; sodium metabolism; cell proliferation; cancer therapy 相似文献
19.
The nature and properties of the inducible sodium-plus-potassium ion-dependent adenosine triphosphatase in the gills of eels (Anguilla anguilla) adapted to fresh water and sea water 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《The Biochemical journal》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
1. Gill tissue from eels adapted to fresh water or to sea water was disrupted in 0.32m-sucrose containing 0.1% (w/v) sodium deoxycholate and the subcellular distribution of (Na(+)+K(+))-dependent adenosine triphosphatase was determined. 2. About 70% of the recovered enzyme was in a fraction sedimenting between 225000g(av.)-min and 6000000g(av.)-min; the specific activities of enzymes from tissues of freshwater and seawater eels were 16 and 51 mumol of phosphate/h per mg of protein respectively. 3. The enzymes from gills of freshwater and seawater eels were indistinguishable on the basis of a number of parameters. These included phosphorylation by [gamma-(32)P]ATP, the binding of [(3)H]ouabain, the extent to which bound [(3)H]ouabain was displaced by increasing concentrations of KCl and pH optima. 4. Electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels in sodium dodecyl sulphate showed that enzyme preparations from both sources had an identical number of protein components. 5. The higher specific activity of (Na(+)+K(+))-dependent adenosine triphosphatase from tissue of seawater eels was accompanied by increased amounts of two protein components. One of these proteins retained (32)P after treatment of the enzyme with [gamma-(32)P]ATP and had mol.wt. 97000; the other component was a glycoprotein with mol.wt. approx. 46000. 6. The results are discussed in terms of the nature of the transepithelial NaCl pumps in the gills of freshwater and seawater fish. 相似文献
20.
Dubreuil RR 《The Journal of membrane biology》2006,211(3):151-161
Membrane transporters precisely regulate which molecules cross the plasma membrane and when they can cross. In many cases
it is also important to regulate where substances can cross the plasma membrane. Consequently, cells have evolved mechanisms
to confine and stabilize membrane transport proteins within specific subdomains of the plasma membrane. A number of different
transporters (including ion pumps, channels and exchangers) are known to physically associate with the spectrin cytoskeleton,
a submembrane complex of spectrin and ankyrin. These proteins form a protein scaffold that assembles within discrete subdomains
of the plasma membrane in polarized cells. Recent genetic studies in humans and model organisms have provided the opportunity
to test the hypothesis that the spectrin cytoskeleton has a direct role in restricting transporters to specialized domains.
Remarkably, genetic defects in spectrin and ankyrin can produce effects on cell physiology that are comparable to knockouts
of the transporters themselves. 相似文献