蛋白质芯片的制备及其在检测乙肝病毒中的应用

目的：建立一种用蛋白质芯片检测乙肝病毒抗原,抗体的新方法。方法：采用PVDF膜制备不同的蛋白质芯片,以辣根过氧化物酶标记抗全,结合酶联免疫反应,检测乙肝病毒素面抗原（HBsAg)。表面抗体（HBsAb),乙肝病毒e抗原（HBeAg),e抗体（HBeAb)。结果：所制备的蛋白质芯片可检没到微量乙肝病毒抗原,抗体的存在,其中HBsAg,HBsAb,HBeAg,HBeAb的最低可检测浓度分别为11μg/ml。4.8μg/ml,2.1μg/ml,18μg/ml,而且两种抗原或两种体间并城镇交叉反应,此法制备芯片需3.5h,而检测过程仅需20min,且结果直接可用肉眼观察。结论：将蛋白质芯片技术应用于乙肝病毒抗原,抗体的检测中,具有微量化,特异性强,快速灵敏,操作简便等优点,可望应用于临床乙肝“两对半”的检测中。     

AlphaLISA检测金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素E方法的建立

目的:利用AlphaLISA技术,建立新型均相检测方法,对金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素E(SEE)进行检测。方法:采用2种SEE抗体建立AlphaLISA检测方法,羊抗肠毒多克隆抗体同受体微球偶联,SEE小鼠单克隆抗体标记生物素,并同偶联了亲和素的供体微球连接,3种组分与待测抗原形成双抗体夹心结构,680nm的光激发供体微球产生能量,将周围反应体系中的氧分子转变为激发态,并将能量传递给受体微球,产生520~620nm的荧光,荧光信号与抗原浓度正相关。对该方法的反应体系进行优化,验证其重复性、敏感性和特异性,并采用该方法检测菌液上清和食品模拟样本。结果:所建立的AlphaLISA检测方法重复性较好,批间变异系数和批内变异系数皆小于10%;检测SEE的灵敏度可以达到100pg/mL,并与其他几种毒素均无交叉反应,具有较好的特异性。该方法也能够准确地对金黄色葡萄球菌菌液上清中的SEE进行检测,对食品模拟样本的检测也有较好的灵敏度。结论:建立了检测SEE的AlphaLISA方法。该方法均相免洗,操作便捷,用时短,灵敏度更高,可对菌液上清和不同食品模拟样本中的SEE进行检测。     

液相芯片技术抗体修饰制备条件的优化

[目的]优化以琼脂糖水凝胶包裹的光子晶体为载体的液相芯片抗体修饰制备方法,提高抗体修饰密度及检测灵敏度。[方法]选取人Ig G作为待检靶蛋白,在琼脂糖水凝胶上首先固定羊抗人Ig G抗体,经过洗涤、封闭后,依次加入标准抗原、荧光标记的检测抗体,分别孵育、洗涤后,倒置荧光显微镜获取图像及荧光强度,根据荧光强度优化最佳琼脂糖水凝胶浓度、固定时间、氢氧化钠浓度、环氧氯丙烷浓度以及抗体浓度。[结果]在水凝胶浓度4%、Na OH浓度1.0mol/L、环氧氯丙烷浓度10%、反应时间3h、抗体浓度0.01mg/ml的条件下,荧光强度达到最强,即抗体修饰密度达到最大。[结论]该研究优化了以琼脂糖水凝胶包裹的光子晶体为载体的抗体修饰反应条件,提高了液相芯片检测的灵敏度。     

.液相芯片技术在检验医学和生物医学中的应用

 液相芯片技术是以100种不同荧光编码的微球作为探针的载体,生物分子间的反应在悬浮液态体系中进行的一类新的生物芯片技术.在这个灵活和开放的平台中可进行蛋白质、核酸等生物大分子的检测.液相芯片较传统的固相芯片的优势在于检测准确、信息质量稳定、可重复性好.液相芯片以其易于操作、高通量、高灵敏度、高准确度、高精密度以及宽的线性测定范围的特点,逐渐进入了临床诊断领域.     

壳聚糖-海藻酸钠包裹Hp全菌蛋白微球剂的研制及其表征分析

以壳聚糖、海藻酸钠为主要合成材料包裹幽门螺杆菌全菌超声蛋白抗原 ,制备新型Hp疫苗制剂。采用一定工艺 ,将海藻酸钠、壳聚糖以及Hp超声全菌抗原制备成W /O/W微球。通过扫描电镜、粒径分布仪等设备检测微球粒径大小 ;微球溶出度仪、Lowry法检测蛋白含量、高压液相色谱等检测微球的蛋白的包封率以及释放速率 ;12 5I标记后口服观测微球的定向靶向作用等。所制备微球形态规则 ,粒径均在 10 μm以内 ;包封率达到 4 1%左右 ;整个包封过程对蛋白没有任何降解作用 ;微球呈缓 快 缓释药模式 ,药物缓释时间可长达 72h ;微球在肠PP结分布明显高…     

流式微球一步法快速免疫检测马铃薯A病毒

[目的]建立流式微球一步法快速免疫检测马铃薯A病毒(PVA)的新方法.[方法]以荧光微球为反应载体,通过在微球表面进行双抗夹心免疫反应形成微球-捕获抗体-PVA-标记FITC检测抗体的复合物,利用流式细胞仪荧光检测系统收集荧光信号.[结果]通过实验优化检测条件,最佳捕获抗体工作浓度为4μg/mL、最佳检测抗体工作浓度为1:25倍稀释、最佳反应时间为2h;与马铃薯Y病毒、莴苣花叶病毒、番茄环斑病毒等均未出现交叉反应;阳性样品经64倍稀释后依然可检出,检测灵敏度是传统微孔板ELISA的4倍.[结论]流式微球一步法能灵敏、快速、简便的检测马铃薯A病毒.     

基于悬液芯片系统的新城疫病毒强、弱毒高通量检测方法的建立

目的:利用悬液芯片系统建立一种高通量检测新城疫病毒强、弱毒的方法并将该方法的灵敏度与传统的酶联免疫反应(ELISA)进行比较.方法:将F48E9和LaSota单克隆抗体通过共价偶联的方式连接到聚苯乙烯微球的表面构成捕获抗体,利用捕获抗体、检测物、生物素化的多抗及链霉亲和素化的藻红蛋白建立双抗夹心的免疫检测模式.检测物作为抗原与捕获抗体结合后与生物素化的新城疫多抗进行反应,反应完成后,用链霉亲和素标记的荧光探针对反应产物进行标记得到悬液芯片系统的检测物.结果:微球包被实验结果表明,包被100 μL微球所需F48E9和LaSota单克隆抗体的最佳量分别是14.85 μg和17.65 μg;新城疫病毒多抗的最佳稀释倍数为400倍;悬液芯片检测方法检测NDV强毒的灵敏度为1∶160,弱毒的灵敏度为1∶320;抗体特异性实验表明,该方法所使用的两种捕获抗体的体异性良好.该方法与传统的ELISA在相同灵敏度的前提下,其在检测时间、检测步骤及高通量方面优于ELISA.结论:基于悬液芯片系统的新城疫强、弱毒高通量检测方法的建立对于该病毒的快速诊断具有重要的意义.     

基于万古霉素建立荧光酶联免疫吸附法检测金黄色葡萄球菌

以猪IgG作为捕获抗体固定金黄色葡萄球菌,修饰有万古霉素的量子点荧光微球作为"检测抗体",建立荧光酶联免疫吸附法检测金黄色葡萄球菌。文中制备了平均粒径为100 nm的量子点荧光微球并与万古霉素偶联;摸索了反应最佳盐离子浓度为0.01 mol/L,反应最佳pH为6.0。在该实验条件下,金黄色葡萄球菌的检测灵敏度为104 CFU/m L,与其他致病菌无交叉反应。以上结果表明,该方法可用于快速检测金黄色葡萄球菌,为金黄色葡萄球菌的临床监控和食品检测提供参考。     

丙型肝炎病毒分片段抗体检测蛋白质芯片的制备及临床评价

为了制备丙型肝炎病毒分片段抗体检测蛋白质芯片,并对其临床应用价值进行评价,将基因工程表达的丙型肝炎病毒分片段抗原,点至经特殊处理的玻片上,制成蛋白质芯片.收集来自三家临床单位用于临床验证的905份血清标本.分别用丙肝病毒分片段抗体检测蛋白质芯片、ELISA丙肝病毒抗体检测试剂进行检测.部分样本同时采用进口RIBA抗体检测试剂进行了检测,分别比较蛋白质芯片法与ELISA法以及RIBA试剂的符合率.结果表明：a.905份血清标本,ELISA法检出阳性294份,阴性611份.阳性标本用蛋白质芯片法检测,融合抗原292份显示阳性结果、2份阴性结果,根据蛋白质芯片的核心抗原,以及NS3, NS4,NS5分片段抗原综合判断确定阳性样本288份阳性,阴性样本2份,4份样本结果不确定.ELISA法检出的611份阴性标本用两种蛋白质芯片法检测,检出阴性均为611份.两种蛋白质芯片法与ELISA法的阳性符合率分别为99.3%和98.9%,与ELISA法的阴性符合率均为100%.用RIBA 试剂检测6份ELISA法为阳性,蛋白质芯片法为非阳性的样本,结果均为非阳性.b.290份经 RIBA试剂确认的阳性标本104份,单片段阳性标本66份,阴性标本120份,用蛋白质芯片法检测,检出阳性标本103份,单片段阳性标本61份,阴性标本126份,二者具有很高的符合率（P＞0.01）.丙型肝炎病毒分片段抗体检测蛋白质芯片,检测灵敏度和特异性高于ELISA法,对血清样本的确认程度与进口的RIBA试剂高度一致,具有操作简便,费用低廉的特点,是一种新型、高效的体外诊断试剂.     

采用亲和层析结合制备凝胶电泳获得高纯度的重组抗原蛋白用于制备蛋白质芯片

为了得到制备抗原芯片所需的高纯度重组抗原蛋白,需要建立一套适合于多种重组抗原表达和纯化的技术路线．采用了亲和层析结合制备胶电泳的方法,对16种用于构建蛋白质芯片的食管癌相关抗原基因进行了克隆重组并在大肠杆菌中进行了表达．对高表达的重组蛋白首先制备包涵体,然后采用Ni-Sepharose亲和层析得到初步纯化的蛋白质,最后使用SDS-PAGE制备胶电泳作进一步纯化．经过透析复性后,用于制备蛋白质芯片．采用亲和层析纯化重组蛋白,得率为71% ,纯度约为70%;在SDS-PAGE制备胶进一步纯化后,得率为32%,纯度为95%,经过透析和复性后,最终得率为21%,纯度为95%．得到的重组蛋白RPS4在ELISA检测中可以和血清中识别RPS4 的自身抗体起反应,并且,采用精纯抗原制备的蛋白质芯片,在检测抗原与抗体这一对反应中也具有较高的敏感性和特异性,适合大规模血清抗体的检测．研究表明,采用亲和层析结合制备凝胶电泳纯化抗原蛋白,是一条简便快捷,适合需要量不大,但对纯度要求比较高的蛋白质芯片制备的技术路线．     

Multiplex polymerase chain reaction/membrane hybridization assay for detection of genetically modified organisms

To improve detection efficiency and result accuracy, four screening primer pairs, four identifying primer pairs, one common primer pair and corresponding probes were designed for the development of multiplex polymerase chain reaction/membrane hybridization assay (MPCR-MHA) for detection of the foreign genes insert in genetically modified organisms (GMOs). After detecting condition and parameter were optimized and determined, MPCR reactions were developed for amplifying several target genes simultaneously in one tube. Primers were labeled with biotin at the 5'-end; biotinylated MPCR products were detected by hybridization to the oligonucleotide probes immobilized on a membrane with subsequent colorimetric detection to confirm hybridization. The testing of screening primers can judge whether the sample contains GMOs, and that of identifying primers can further judge what kinds of trait genes are contained in the sample. We detected nine soybean samples, six maize samples, seven potato samples and two rice samples by the MPCR-MHA method; at the same time we also detected them with single PCR-MHA method. The results between two methods have good consistency.     

Multiplex Detection of Plant Pathogens Using a Microsphere Immunoassay Technology

Plant pathogens are a serious problem for seed export, plant disease control and plant quarantine. Rapid and accurate screening tests are urgently required to protect and prevent plant diseases spreading worldwide. A novel multiplex detection method was developed based on microsphere immunoassays to simultaneously detect four important plant pathogens: a fruit blotch bacterium Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli (Aac), chilli vein-banding mottle virus (CVbMV, potyvirus), watermelon silver mottle virus (WSMoV, tospovirus serogroup IV) and melon yellow spot virus (MYSV, tospovirus). An antibody for each plant pathogen was linked on a fluorescence-coded magnetic microsphere set which was used to capture corresponding pathogen. The presence of pathogens was detected by R-phycoerythrin (RPE)-labeled antibodies specific to the pathogens. The assay conditions were optimized by identifying appropriate antibody pairs, blocking buffer, concentration of RPE-labeled antibodies and assay time. Once conditions were optimized, the assay was able to detect all four plant pathogens precisely and accurately with substantially higher sensitivity than enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) when spiked in buffer and in healthy watermelon leaf extract. The assay time of the microsphere immunoassay (1 hour) was much shorter than that of ELISA (4 hours). This system was also shown to be capable of detecting the pathogens in naturally infected plant samples and is a major advancement in plant pathogen detection.     

阿特拉津高灵敏酶联免疫吸附检测法的建立

目的：建立高灵敏度的阿特拉津酶联免疫吸附检测法。方法：将间接竞争ELISA进行条件优化以提高检测灵敏度,包括包被抗原与一抗的最佳工作浓度筛选、选择一抗的最佳稀释度对包被抗原进行细化筛选、不同有机溶剂对竞争结合反应的影响、酶标二抗稀释度筛选等。用建立的酶联免疫检测法检测实际样品,再与高效液相色谱法（HPLC）检测进行比较。结果：利用优化后条件建立了阿特拉津间接竞争ELISA检测曲线,标准曲线的相关系数R²=0.9958,相关性较好。另由此标准曲线可得LOD （最低检出限）为1.972 ng/ml。用于检测实际样品,回收率在80%-120%之间。当添加样品浓度为（0~6） ng/ml时,该法的检测灵敏度高于HPLC。结论：新建立的阿特拉津ELISA特异性好、精密度高,可代替大型仪器用于阿特拉津实际样品检测。     

Epipolarization Microscopic Immunogold Assay: a Combination of Immunogold Silver Staining, Enzyme-Linked-Immunosorbent Assay and Epipolarization Microscopy

We describe a new immunoassay which combines an immunosorbent assay, Immunogold silver staining and epipolarization microscopy. Our new assay procedure features multiple samples on a single microscope slide, and high sensitivity of epipolarization microscope for detection of silver-enhanced colloidal gold as a final immunoassay product. We call the new immunoassay “on slide immunogold assay” (OSIGA). This new method uses biotinylated antibody and streptavidin-gold reaction with silver enhancement technique. With OSIGA it is possible to investigate 30 samples on a single microscopic slide. Our preliminary studies used 10-20 μ1 samples and detected nanogram quantities of a standardized protein solution. Unlike enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), which has a limited time for reading the final color products, the OSIGA specimens can be dried or resin mounted for longer storage and future reference.     

Detection of mutations in PCR products from clinical samples by surface plasmon resonance

Two different strategies for scanning and screening of mutations in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products by hybridization analysis are described, employing real-time biospecific interaction analysis (BIA) for detection. Real-time BIA was used to detect differences in hybridization responses between PCR products and different 17-mer oligonucleotide probes. For the analysis using a biosensor instrument, two different experimental formats were investigated based on immobilization of either biotinylated PCR products or oligonucleotide probes onto a sensor chip. Applied on the human tumour suppressor p53 gene, differences in hybridization levels for full-match and mismatch situations employing both formats allowed the detection of point mutations in exon 6 PCR products, derived from a breast tumour biopsy sample. In addition, a mutant sample sequence could be detected in a 50/50 background of wild type exon 6 sequence. The suitability of the different formats for obtaining a regenerable system and a high throughput of samples is discussed. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Rapid and sensitive sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin B in cheese

A rapid and sensitive screening sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for the detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) in cheese by using a highly avid anti-SEB antibody (Ab) as the capture Ab (CAb) and as the biotinylated Ab conjugate. The glutaraldehyde fixation method for the immobilization of CAb on polystyrene dipsticks was superior to the adsorption fixation and the adsorption-glutaraldehyde fixation methods. The glutaraldehyde fixation method resulted in a higher surface-saturating CAb concentration as evaluated by the peroxidase saturation technique and by the ability of the CAb-coated dipstick to discriminate between positive and negative controls (index of discrimination). Of nine blocking agents used alone or in pairs, lysine-human serum albumin, bovine serum albumin, human serum albumin, and gelatin effectively saturated available sites on the CAb-coated dipsticks without causing interference with the antigen-Ab reactions. The addition of 1% polyethylene glycol to the diluent of the biotinylated anti-SEB Ab conjugate improved the detection of SEB. A concentration of 4% polyethylene glycol allowed a 5-min reaction time for the streptavidin-biotin-horseradish peroxidase conjugate. Cheddar cheese homogenate reduced the sensitivity of the SEB assay; however, the sensitivity was restored when 1.6% (wt/vol) of either a nonionic detergent (Mega-9) or two zwitterionic detergents (Zwittergent 3-10 and 3-12 detergent) was added to the diluent. By using the rapid sandwich ELISA, a minimum of 0.5 to 1.0 ng of SEB per ml was detected within 45 min. The whole procedure for the analysis of the cheddar cheese samples was completed within 1 h.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

血栓调节蛋白化学发光免疫分析检测方法的建立*

目的:建立并评价基于板式化学发光免疫分析(CLIA)平台的血栓调节蛋白(TM)定量检测方法。方法:以链霉亲和素包被微孔板,加入待检血浆,偶联生物素和辣根过氧化物酶的配对抗体组成分析体系,采用双抗体夹心模式,建立TM抗原定量检测方法,并对其进行条件优化和性能评价。结果:生物素化抗体和酶标抗体的工作浓度分别为0.5 μg/mL和0.75 μg/mL,加样后的孵育时间选为15 min,最低检测限为0.2 TU/mL,该检测方法的检测范围为1~200 TU/mL,批间和批内精密度(CV)均小于8%,37 ℃ 10天稳定性良好,207份临床血浆测值与希森美康测值相关性较高(R²>0.96)。结论:建立了TM板式化学发光定量检测方法,且各项性能指标良好,可满足临床检测的需要。     

Rapid and sensitive sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin B in cheese.

A rapid and sensitive screening sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for the detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) in cheese by using a highly avid anti-SEB antibody (Ab) as the capture Ab (CAb) and as the biotinylated Ab conjugate. The glutaraldehyde fixation method for the immobilization of CAb on polystyrene dipsticks was superior to the adsorption fixation and the adsorption-glutaraldehyde fixation methods. The glutaraldehyde fixation method resulted in a higher surface-saturating CAb concentration as evaluated by the peroxidase saturation technique and by the ability of the CAb-coated dipstick to discriminate between positive and negative controls (index of discrimination). Of nine blocking agents used alone or in pairs, lysine-human serum albumin, bovine serum albumin, human serum albumin, and gelatin effectively saturated available sites on the CAb-coated dipsticks without causing interference with the antigen-Ab reactions. The addition of 1% polyethylene glycol to the diluent of the biotinylated anti-SEB Ab conjugate improved the detection of SEB. A concentration of 4% polyethylene glycol allowed a 5-min reaction time for the streptavidin-biotin-horseradish peroxidase conjugate. Cheddar cheese homogenate reduced the sensitivity of the SEB assay; however, the sensitivity was restored when 1.6% (wt/vol) of either a nonionic detergent (Mega-9) or two zwitterionic detergents (Zwittergent 3-10 and 3-12 detergent) was added to the diluent. By using the rapid sandwich ELISA, a minimum of 0.5 to 1.0 ng of SEB per ml was detected within 45 min. The whole procedure for the analysis of the cheddar cheese samples was completed within 1 h.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

An integrated chip for rapid, sensitive, and multiplexed detection of cardiac biomarkers from fingerprick blood

Cardiovascular diseases are the major cause of death among adults worldwide. Electrocardiogram (ECG) is a first test when a patient suffering from chest pain sees a doctor, however, it is lack of the required sensitivity. Standard assays to detect cardiac biomarkers, like enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) are sensitive, but suffer from important sample and reagent consumption in large-scale studies. Moreover they are performed in central laboratories of clinics and hospitals and take a long time, which is highly incompatible with the quick decisions needed to save a heart attack patient. Herein, we describe an integrated chip allowing rapid, sensitive, and simultaneous analysis of three cardiac biomarkers in fingerprick blood. The integrated chip is composed of a filtration chip for plasma separation from blood and a silicon nanowire (SiNW) array sensor chip for protein detection. These two chips are fabricated separately and bonded to form a single unit after alignment. The integrated chip is capable of reducing the dead volume of the sample by eliminating the tubing between the two chips. After the plasma is filtrated by the filtration chip, the SiNW sensor, spotted with three different antibodies, enabled us to detect three cardiac biomarkers, troponin T (cTnT), creatine kinase MM (CK-MM) and creatine kinase MB (CK-MB), simultaneously. The integrated chip is able to attain a low detection limit of 1 pg/ml for the three cardiac biomarkers from 2 μl blood in 45 min.     

Simultaneous detection of multiple chemical residues in milk using broad-specificity antibodies in a hybrid immunosorbent assay

In this study, a novel immunoassay using 2 types of sensors (QDs and an enzyme) were simultaneously used for detecting multiple structurally different molecules in milk. The method integrates the fluorescence-linked immunosorbent assay (FLISA) using QD605 and QD655 as probes and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using horseradish peroxidase (HRP) labeled secondary antibody. The FLISA was produced by anti-sulfonamide and anti-quinolone broad-specificity monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) for simultaneously detecting 6 sulfonamides and 11 quinolones. Combined with the FLISA, an ELISA was utilized for detecting melamine from the same milk samples. The cross-reactivity of the MAbs was retained while binding the QDs by using avidin and a secondary antibody as bridges. Milk samples were detected using this hybrid immunoassay, with limits of detection (LOD) of the quinolones (0.18 ng mL(-1)), sulfonamides (0.17 ng mL(-1)) and melamine (7.5 ng mL(-1)), respectively. The results demonstrated that the detection limits of the integrated methods were better than required and simplified the sample pretreatment process. The developed immunoassay is suitable for high-throughput screening of low-molecular weight contaminants.