山药薏米芡实褐色酸奶生产工艺研究

为了研究褐色酸奶的制作工艺,提升褐色酸奶的营养价值及口味丰富度而制作山药薏米芡实褐色酸奶。以山药、薏米、芡实为原料,用中温α-淀粉酶和糖化酶进行处理,以糖化酶添加量、酶解时间、温度和pH为因素进行正交试验。通过试验确定的最适糖化酶添加量为0.5%、pH 4.0、58℃酶解50min。以此最适条件处理得到的山药薏米芡实浆酶解液、奶粉、白砂糖和水为原料,在高温下进行美拉德反应。得到的最佳褐变条件为121℃、25min、最适的酶解液与复原乳之比为1∶13。设置不同处理组进行乳酸菌发酵,测定不同处理组的pH、酸度、持水力、乳酸菌数以及进行感官评定,选择出6号（即添加酶解液的褐变复原乳与添加酶解液的未褐变复原乳混合后共同发酵）处理组为最佳。由此条件下制得的褐色酸奶具有酸味甜度合适,风味独特,口感细腻,并具有一定的营养价值。     

脱脂蚕蛹粉的汽提除腥工艺研究

脱脂蛹粉中蛋白质量分数近 80 % ,脂肪仅 3% ,是良好的食品资源 ,但具有不良的腥味。以醋酸与蚕蛹腥味成份形成易挥发物质 ,通过水蒸汽蒸馏可除去腥味。其最适工艺条件为 :样品 2 0 0 g时 ,用醋酸 2ml,反应温度 80℃ ,加热时间 2 0min ,蒸馏时间 2 0min。经最适条件下脱腥的脱脂蛹粉不影响食用感官评品     

3种海洋鱼类肝微粒体EROD活性的测定

根据鱼类的生态习性选择了暖温性近岸底层岩礁鱼类褐菖鲉和浅海底层鱼类黄鳍鲷和黑鲷作为实验动物,系统地研究了0#柴油WSF诱导组和对照组褐菖鲉肝微粒体EROD动力学反应系统的测定条件,确定了最适测定条件为:pH值7.60、温度15℃、底物7-乙氧基异吩恶唑浓度0.5μmol/L、样品蛋白量100—800μg、还原型辅酶II NADPH 70 nmol/mL。诱导组和对照组的最适反应条件没有差别,但是诱导组的酶活性比对照组的高;对照组和诱导组EROD的Km值分别为0.144μmol/L和0.357μmol/L,Vmax值分别为0.466 nmol min-1mg-1蛋白和2.360 nmol min-1mg-1蛋白。首次在我国建立了褐菖鲉肝微粒体EROD活性检测技术。此外,比较了上述3种实验鱼类肝微粒体EROD反应系统的最适pH值和最适温度。结果表明,与褐菖鲉不同,黄鳍鲷和黑鲷肝EROD反应最适pH值都是7.80,最适温度都是25℃。     

黑曲霉产木聚糖酶固态发酵条件及部分酶学性质的研究

实验以棉粕和玉米秆为主要原料,采用单因素和正交实验方法对黑曲霉固态发酵产木聚糖酶的培养条件进行了优化,为了获得高酶活产品的发酵条件。结果表明,最适培养基组分为棉粕和玉米秆的比例为3∶2,固水比为1∶1.2,尿素的最适添加量为2%(以干重计),KH2PO4的最适添加量为0.2%。在此条件下,菌株产酶活性可达6 529U/g干曲。该酶的最适反应温度为55℃,最适pH为5.0,pH稳定范围较宽,在30℃、pH 3.5~6.0范围内处理100min,酶活保持在85%以上,但耐热性不是很理想,在60℃保温30min残余酶活只有17%。     

胃蛋白酶水解绿豆分离蛋白的工艺

选用胃蛋白酶对绿豆分离蛋白进行酶法水解,考察了原料预处理条件、pH、温度、底物浓度等对酶解的影响,结果表明：原料预处理最适条件为沸水浴中90℃处理20min,在37℃、pH1．8、底物质量分数7％、酶量6000U／g条件下酶解180min,水解度（DH％）为19．86％,达到了制备小肽的水解度要求。实验证明,经过水解,绿豆分离蛋白各功能特性得到很好的改善。     

麦芽糖的改性及其化学修饰胰蛋白酶的研究

目的:通过高碘酸钠氧化法以麦芽糖修饰胰蛋白酶,检验此方法是否能够改善胰蛋白酶的稳定性.方法:采用高碘酸钠改性麦芽糖,使其中具有能够与酶分子中氨基结合的醛基,从而在一定条件下化学修饰胰蛋白酶.结果:改性麦芽糖的最佳条件为,高碘酸钠浓度0.05g/mL,高碘酸钠与麦芽糖质量比1.1∶1,初始pH 1.0,反应时间3h,反应温度30℃;修饰胰蛋白酶的最佳条件为,pH6.0,改性麦芽糖与胰蛋白酶质量比1∶1,修饰温度4℃,修饰时间24h;在最佳条件下修饰酶后,pH在8.9～10.0时,原酶活力与修饰酶活力分别下降了其最高活力的15.8%和9.8%;将酶置于50℃ 2h后,原酶与修饰酶分别保留了其置于4℃ 2h后活力的88.7%和94.7%.结论:该方法能够提高胰蛋白酶的耐碱稳定性和热稳定性.     

白腐真菌SYBC-L2漆酶的分离纯化及其在毛纺染料脱色中的应用

经过硫酸铵分级盐析、DEAE-cellulose离子交换层析、SephacrylTMS-200柱层析,从白腐菌株Phellinus sp. SYBC-L2所产的漆酶中纯化得到电泳纯漆酶Lac3,其纯化倍数为28.27,回收率为14.76%.Lac3为一种糖蛋白,糖含量29.66%,SDS-PAGE表观分子量约为64.3 kD;其催化氧化DMP(2,6-Dimethoxyphenol)的表观Km值和Vmax分别为1.01 mmol/L和186.2 U/mg蛋白.Lac3的最适温度为60℃,最适pH为3.5;在30℃～50℃和pH 4.5～9.0范围内稳定.Cu2+、SO42-、CO32-对Lac3具有一定促进作用,而Fe3+、Fe2+、NO3-则具有抑制作用.色素的最佳脱色条件为(Lac3终浓度为2 U/ml):媒介元PV在温度50 ℃、pH值3.0的条件下反应2 h,脱色率可达95.10%;弱酸蓝在温度40 ℃、pH值4.0的条件下作用3 h,脱色率为75.09%.     

薤白多糖的硫酸化修饰及体外抗氧化活性

为探讨薤白多糖硫酸化修饰的最佳条件,以及硫酸化修饰提高薤白多糖活性的可能性,采用氯磺酸-吡啶法对醇沉法得到的薤白多糖和柱层析纯化的3种分级薤白多糖进行硫酸化修饰,以氯磺酸-吡啶配比、反应温度和反应时间为自变量,修饰产物的硫酸基取代度(DS)为响应值,应用响应面设计法确定硫酸化修饰的最佳条件,用H2O2/Fe2+体系法和邻苯三酚自氧化法测定修饰产物的抗氧化活性。结果表明:薤白多糖氯磺酸-吡啶法修饰的最佳条件为氯磺酸∶吡啶=1∶3,反应温度65℃,反应时间2 h,此条件下硫酸根取代度为0.470,硫酸化修饰能提高薤白多糖的体外抗氧化活性。     

漆酶高产工程菌构建及漆酶对RBBR的脱色作用

研究提取产漆酶白腐菌 (Fomelignosus)的总RNA ,利用RT PCR克隆到漆酶的cDNA ,并将其克隆到表达载体pGAPZA ,重组质粒经线性化、电激转化PichiapastorisGS115、通过底物显色反应筛选漆酶生产工程菌株 ,在最适培养条件下该菌株产酶活力高达 9 0 3U·mL-1。纯化得到漆酶对RBBR(RemazolbrilliantblueR)有很好的脱色作用 ,该酶的最适脱色pH为 5 0 ,最适脱色温度为 30℃。当溶液中漆酶活力为 1 0U·mL-1,在最适脱色条件下作用12h ,10 0mg·L-1RBBR溶液脱色率可达 90 %以上。     

极端微生物产碱性蛋白酶菌株的筛选及发酵条件研究*

从深海的 3 8份水样和泥样中筛选到一株产蛋白酶的菌株DY A ,其最适生长温度为1 0℃ ,能适应较大范围的pH值和盐度。此菌株只在酵母膏存在的情况下产酶 ,不利用单一氮源 ,最适产酶条件为 :pH1 0 0 ,1 0℃ ,接种量 0 5 % ,2 0 0r/min摇床培养 48～ 72h。粗酶液的最适作用温度为 40℃ ,最适pH值为 1 0 ,在pH9～ 1 2内稳定 ,是一碱性蛋白酶。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.