Contested futures: envisioning “Personalized,” “Stratified,” and “Precision” medicine

In recent years, discourses around “personalized,” “stratified,” and “precision” medicine have proliferated. These concepts broadly refer to the translational potential carried by new data-intensive biomedical research modes. Each describes expectations about the future of medicine and healthcare that data-intensive innovation promises to bring forth. The definitions and uses of the concepts are, however, plural, contested and characterized by diverse ideas about the kinds of futures that are desired and desirable. In this paper, we unpack key disputes around the “personalized,” “stratified,” and “precision” terms, and map the epistemic, political and economic contexts that structure them as well as the different roles attributed to patients and citizens in competing future imaginaries. We show the ethical and value baggage embedded within the promises that are manufactured through terminological choices and argue that the context and future-oriented nature of these choices helps to understanding how data-intensive biomedical innovations are made socially meaningful.     

“大敌当前,必须善战”

在举国上下热烈欢庆两个伟大胜利及第二次全国农业学大寨会议精神鼓舞下,亿万军民,群情振奋,大歌大颂华主席的英明领导,大揭大批“四人帮”的滔天罪行,形势大好,人心大快,我作为值保战线的一兵,心情更是激动。     

A spotlight on “established”, as opposed to “newcomer”, Americans

By elaborating upon the idea of “relational assimilation”, Tomas Jimenez alters the dominant lens through which social scientists, and especially sociologists, have understood the concept of assimilation and the effects of immigration. In this highly readable and thoughtful book, we are asked to conceive of this kind of assimilation as one which involves “the give-and-take of adjustment”, not just a one-way route by which “newcomers” must adapt to settings populated by “established” members of the population. According to the author, ongoing forms of immigration and its resulting diversity actually change the regional self-understandings of those who are already living in those settings.     

The Early History of “Photosynthetica”, “Photosynthesis Research”, and their Publishers

The history of the journals Photosynthetica and Photosynthesis Research is traced from its beginning. Their development is related to the history of several publishers (Dr W. Junk Publishers, Martinus Nijhoff, Kluwer Academic Publishers). This account is based on recollections and records of the authors, Ad C. Plaizier, and René Marcelle (the first Editor-in-Chief of Photosynthesis Research).     

Sangiran 5,(“Pithecanthropus dubius”), homo erectus, “Meganthropus,” orPongo?

There are now eleven known mandibular remains from the Lower and Middle Pleistocene of Java, all but one being from the Sangiran site. All of these have been assigned toHomo erectus by most workers, while others have suggested as many as four different hominoid taxa. The author finds that the jaws cannot be a homogeneous sample. Morphologically, they are a mixture of undoubtedH. erectus, “H. meganthropus,” and possibly a pongid. If the jaws are allH. erectus then they have a sexual dimorphism exceeding that of modern gorillas. The case of“Pithecanthropus dubius” (Sangiran 5) is even less certain; even its hominid status is disputed. If it is indeedHomo it must be placed with the other“H. meganthropus” specimens. Its size and morphology are well beyond the known range anyH. erectus.     

你好,迷你“印第安酋长”

初夏,当森林中的果树上逐渐冒出大自然恩赐给小动物们的各种水果,生物学家安妮也变得兴奋起来。因为,她知道,又会有一帮可爱的小家伙在森林中诞生,拜访它们是安妮每年最期待的事情。不过今年,她的学生约克看起来比她还要兴奋,因为他马上就要和安妮一同前往南美洲的哥伦比     

聚焦“导”和“度”,促进生物实验教学

生物是一门实验学科。生物教学中,适当适度增加一些实验,可以激发学生的学习兴趣,把外在的信息转化为内驱力,并实现理论和实践相结合,体现学中用、用中学。     

化石,“活化石”与孑遗生物

化石、“活化石”与孑遗生物莫怀东（四川省仪陇县教师进修学校６３７６００）化石、“活化石”、孑遗生物，是生物教学中提到的３个名词术语，由于三者既有相似之处，又有不同所在，学生学了之后，往往含糊不清。笔者就多年来生物教学的一些体会，充实一些必要的内容。化...     

Information, evolution and “error-friendliness”

Information can be conceived as being composed of two complementary components: novelty and confirmation. Whenever either of the two is zero, information is zero. Genetic information too requires both novelty and confirmation. Evolution can be seen as the history of diversification. Selection alone reduces diversity. Recessivity appears to serve as a mechanism to protect diversity against selection. So does the geographical and behavioural “separation” of species. Both recessivity and separation can be seen as “error-friendly”, a broader concept that is supportive of diversity, learning and further evolution. The principle should also be obeyed in technological systems. Received: 4 October 1997 / Accepted in revised form: 26 August 1998     

Metabolism of Some “Second”– and “Fourth”–Generation Antidepressants: Iprindole, Viloxazine, Bupropion, Mianserin, Maprotiline, Trazodone, Nefazodone, and Venlafaxine

1. This review summarizes the major known aspects of the metabolism of second-generation (iprindole, viloxazine, bupropion, mianserin, maprotiline, and trazodone) and fourth-generation (nefazodone and venlafaxine) antidepressants.2. Discussions about specific enzymes involved and about possible pharmacokinetic drug–drug interactions, particularly as they relate to cytochrome P450 enzymes, are provided.     

鼓足干劲,力争上游,坚决克服“条件论”思想

1959年,中学生物学各种的教学,在1958年大跃进的基础上,由于广大教师鼓足了干劲,力爭上游,千方百计地克服困难,坚决地,深入地贯彻了教育为无产阶級政治服务,教育与生产劳动相結合的方針,因而进一步提高了教学質量,取得了巨大的成績。絕大多数教     

Does the Parietal Cortex Distinguish between “10,” “Ten,” and Ten Dots?

It is well established that the intraparietal sulcus (IPS) plays an important role in the processing and representation of numerical magnitude. Two recent studies by Piazza et al. and Cohen Kadosh et al. published in this issue of Neuron used fMRI adaptation to explore the extent to which parietal number processing is dependent upon or independent of a numbers' surface format. Their results, while slightly different, converge to suggest that the answer may be neither, but rather that it depends on the hemisphere.     

摆脱“失眠”烦扰,中医药助你“美梦”成真

正2014年5月的一个下午,我正在出诊,进来一个面色晦暗、精神疲惫的中年妇女,她焦急地对我说:"大夫,求你救救我吧!"我问:"您怎么啦?"她说:"我晚上睡不着觉,白天没精神,勉强睡着了,也是噩梦纷纭,稍有动静就醒,严重时甚至彻夜难眠,非常痛苦!"我告诉她:"你得了比较严重的失眠"。什么是失眠失眠是当代社会常见的睡眠障碍性疾病,也是临床常见的一个症状。在当今社会,无论年龄大小,都有不少人有