共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
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基因工程菌的发酵研究 总被引:19,自引:0,他引:19
本文对大肠杆菌表达的rhGM-CSF工程菌的发酵条件进行了详细的研究,探讨了发酵条件对工程菌表达外源蛋白量的影响,优化了影响发酵的各种条件,形成了一套工程菌发酵表达外源蛋白的工艺,并从工业化角度对工程菌的高密度高表达间的关系进行了探讨。 相似文献
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L-乳酸的发酵生产和聚L-乳酸的化学加工 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
L-乳酸广泛应用于食品、医药、日化和工业等各个领域。近年来随着石化资源的不断紧缺,众多化学合成的高分子材料的生产受到了限制。以生物质资源为基础的L-乳酸因此被大量用于加工生产成聚L-乳酸等环境友好型生物可降解材料。正是由于L-乳酸需求量的增大,如何高效低成本地生产L-乳酸显得尤为重要。系统综述了L-乳酸生产菌株的选育,用于L-乳酸发酵生产的廉价资源的开发利用,L-乳酸的发酵生产和L-乳酸的分离纯化等方面的研究进展。目前研究的热点和难点正是基于上述四个部分:菌种方面,以可以高效代谢利用廉价底物,且营养需求低的选育目标获得了多个优良的生产菌种,然而具备综合代谢优势的菌种还有待进一步选育;发酵底物方面,已开发利用多种廉价,来源丰富且易于菌种代谢并高效转化成乳酸的底物,但是对这些底物工业规模应用还有待进一步研究;发酵工艺方面,建立了环境友好型,劳动强度低的发酵工艺,然而实际应用中仍然存在成本高的问题;后提取方面,通过选育低营养需求的生产菌种和采用新型发酵工艺有效地简化了后提取过程,但是实际应用方面仍受发酵工艺成本高的制约。最后对聚L-乳酸的化学加工以及聚L-乳酸的生物降解进行了探讨并提出了一些建议。 相似文献
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L-乳酸发酵的研究 总被引:21,自引:0,他引:21
本文报导了L-乳酸产生菌筛选、发酵条件以及发酵产物鉴定的结果。从56株根霉中筛选出10株产L-乳酸较高的菌株,其中根霉R47产L-乳酸最高,产酸稳定。发酵条件试验结果表明,该菌最适发酵培养基组成(%):葡萄糖15,尿素0.2,KH 2PO40.02,MgSO4·7H2O0.025,ZnSO4·7H2 0 0.0044,CaCO3,6,7;pH6.7。在摇瓶培养条件下,35℃48小时,产L-乳酸达11.84 g/100 ml,对糖的重量转化率达78,9%。发酵液经离子交换等方法纯化,得到无色或微黄色透明糖浆状液体。经纸层析、比旋光度测定、紫外光谱和红外光谱分析证明确系L-乳酸。 相似文献
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对解淀粉乳酸细菌及其产生的淀粉酶和发酵工艺等方面的国内外研究现状进行了综述。解淀粉乳酸细菌具有分泌淀粉酶的能力,可免去原料水解处理工序直接发酵淀粉质原料生产乳酸,可以简化生产工艺,并可节约设备投资,进而降低生产成本。解淀粉乳酸细菌主要分离自传统发酵食品,也可从有机废弃物和厨余垃圾中分离得到。介绍了解淀粉乳酸细菌直接利用淀粉质原料的机理,比较了解淀粉乳酸菌发酵生产L-乳酸的工艺。提出通过诱变育种和基因工程育种等方法获得更加高效的解淀粉乳酸细菌,并结合先进的发酵、分离技术来提高乳酸生产效率。 相似文献
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乳杆菌Lactobacillus sp.lxp发酵高产L-乳酸研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
筛选得到一株乳杆菌Laetobaeillus sp.,进行发酵生产高浓度L-乳酸的研究。考察了种龄、接种量、温度和不同pH调节剂对乳酸发酵的影响。结果表明:最佳种子培养时间为15h;最佳接种量为15%;最适培养温度为42℃;与氨水和氢氧化钠相比,碳酸钙更适于作为发酵过程的pH调节刺;以葡萄糖为碳源,添加豆粕水解液和玉米浆作为辅料,2L罐培养120h,L-乳酸质量浓度可达202 g/L,糖转化率91.3%,L-乳酸占发酵液中总酸含量98%以上。 相似文献
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Bernhard Jank Aline Berthold Sebastian Alber Otto Doblhoff-Dier 《The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment》1999,4(5):251-252
The progression towards greater industrial sustainability involves the analysis of biotechnology as a means of achieving clean
or cleaner products and processes. Because living systems manage their chemistry more efficiently than man-made factories,
and their wastes tend to be recyclable and biodegradable, they can be expected to be more environmentally clean. Industry
has begun to use enzymes instead of traditional catalysts in many industrial production processes.
The future holds obstacles as well as opportunities for biotechnological applications. A greater ability to manipulate biological
materials and processes will have significant impact on manufacturing industries. A growing proportion of biotechnologyderived
processes and products is based on the use of genetically modified microorganisms. This extends the analysis from the aspect
of cleanliness to the aspect of safety. 相似文献
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Vassili V. Velkov 《Journal of biosciences》2001,26(5):667-683
This article is focused on the problems of reduction of the risk associated with the deliberate release of genetically modified
microorganisms (GMMs) into the environment. Special attention is given to overview the most probable physiological and genetic
processes which could be induced in the released GMMs by adverse environmental conditions, namely: (i) activation of quorum
sensing and the functions associated with it, (ii) entering into a state of general resistance, (iii) activation of adaptive
mutagenesis, adaptive amplifications and transpositions and (iv) stimulation of inter-species gene transfer. To reduce the
risks associated with GMMs, the inactivation of their key genes responsible for stress-stimulated increase of viability and
evolvability is proposed. 相似文献
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Use of genetically modified microorganisms (GEMs) for pollution abatement has been limited because of risks associated with their release in the environment. Recent developments in the area of recombinant DNA technologies have paved the way for conceptualizing "suicidal genetically engineered microorganisms" (S-GEMS) to minimize such anticipated hazards and to achieve efficient and safer bioremediation of contaminated sites. Our strategy of designing a novel S-GEM is based on the knowledge of killer-anti-killer gene(s) that would be susceptible to programmed cell death after detoxification of any given contaminated site(s). 相似文献
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PCR detection of genetically modified soya and maize in foodstuffs 总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17
Hurst Carolyn D. Knight Angus Bruce Ian J. 《Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement》1999,5(6):579-586
The detection of genetically modified foodstuffs is becoming both a food sales and legal necessity. This study reports a rapid DNA extraction/PCR-based method for the detection of genetically modified soya (GMS) and maize (GMM) in mixed samples of transgenic and unmodified soybeans and maize kernels, and a variety of processed samples including soya flour, soya protein isolates, extruded defatted soya, acid- and alcohol-precipitated soya concentrates, soya lecithin, maize grits, seasoned corn puffs and salted corn chips. The presence of GMS DNA was determined with two pairs of primers directed towards different GMS target sequences and GMM by one primer pair. In addition, a multiplex PCR reaction which utilises an internal positive control was developed for both genetically modified organisms (GMOs). Results indicated that the methods are sensitive and specific enough to detect GMS down to a level of 0.01% dry weight in single-product PCRs and 0.1% in multiplex PCRs and GMM down to 0.001% dry weight in single-product PCRs and 0.01% in multiplex PCR. The methods are considered to represent a viable route for the commercial detection of GMS and GMM in foodstuffs. 相似文献
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Ronald M. Atlas 《Biodegradation》1992,3(2-3):137-146
Plans to introduce genetically engineered microorganisms into the environment has led to concerns over safety and has raised questions about how to detect and to contain such microorganisms. Specific gene sequences, such as lacZ, have been inserted into genetically engineered microorganisms to permit their phenotypic detection. Molecular methods have been developed based upon recovery of DNA from environmental samples and gene probe hybridization to specific diagnostic gene sequences for the specific detection of genetically engineered microorganisms. DNA amplification using the polymerase chain reaction has been applied to enhance detection sensitivity so that single gene targets can be detected. Detection of messenger RNA has permitted the monitoring of gene expression in the environment. The use of reporter genes, such as the lux gene for bioluminescence, likewise has permitted the observation of gene expression. Conditional lethal constructs have been developed as models for containment of genetically engineered microorganisms. Suicide vectors, based upon the hok gene have been developed as model containment systems. 相似文献
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转基因农作物检测技术及其应用与发展 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
常用的转基因检测方法可分为两个方向,一是以检测外源基因为目标,如多聚酶链式反应分析法(PCR),二是以检测外源蛋白为目标,如酶联免疫分析法(ELISA)。此外,近年来,随着世界各国对转基因生物安全问题的日益关注,还涌现出了一批新的检测方法,如微阵列分析法(microarray),色谱分析法(chroma-tography),表面等离子共振(surfaceplasmonresonance,SPR)生物传感器分析法以及近红外线光谱分析法(nearinfraredspectroscopy,NIR)等。将对各种转基因检测方法的原理、特点及研究现状做一个扼要介绍。 相似文献
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转基因标识是表明产品含有转基因成分或者由转基因生物生产、加工而成的一种标识。随着全球转基因技术研发和应用的不断推进,国际上对农业转基因产品的标识管理更加关注与重视。通过阐述农业转基因产品标识制度的形成与发展过程,研究欧盟、美国、加拿大、日本、韩国等主要国家和地区的转基因产品标识管理制度,总结出成分关注标识、过程关注标识、自愿标识、强制性标识、定性标识、定量标识、全面标识、目录标识等不同标识类别的特点与利弊,并分析了国际上关于标识豁免及阴性标识等方面的政策规定,为我国的农业转基因产品标识管理工作提供了启示与参考。 相似文献
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自1996年全球转基因作物大规模商业化生产以来,转基因作物种植面积以年均10%左右的速度迅速增长,2013年种植面积已达1.75亿hm2。其在解决全球粮食问题、环境保护、提升粮食营养质量和品质、制药以及推动经济可持续发展方面展现了重要作用。但是,随着转基因商业化生产的深入,转基因技术的潜在风险性引起了社会以及国际上更广泛的关注。事实上,在转基因技术出现之初,科学家们就开始关注其安全性问题。相关国际组织(FAO、WHO、CAC、OECD等)经过数次研究制订了一系列与转基因食品安全性有关的评价原则、指南与措施等。随着转基因技术的发展,这些安全评价策略也在不断完善。我国目前已经基本建立了转基因食品的安全评价和管理体系。转基因食品在进入市场前要经过十分全面以及系统的安全性评价,包括营养学、毒理学、过敏性等方面,从而保障转基因食品的安全性。 相似文献