菌根真菌一新种——石斛小菇

从云南省野生铁皮石斛根中分离出一菌根真菌,经系统形态学研究后,将其鉴定为小菇属一新种：石斛小菇。标本保藏在中国科学院微生物研究所菌物标本室（ＨＭＡＳ）。用石斛小菇伴播１２种兰科植物种子,实验结果表明该真菌对天麻和密花石斛种子萌发有明显促进作用。     

石斛小菇的药理活性研究*

对分离自野生铁皮石斛中的一种新的内生真菌石斛小菇进行了初步的药理活性测定，发现石斛小菇的发酵液对小鼠中枢神经系统有兴奋作用，石斛小菇苗丝体和发酵液的粗提物具有与中药石斛相似的镇痛作用，并结合化学方法确定了石斛小菇粗提物中与其镇痛药效相对应的活性部位。     

石斛小菇的药理活性研究

对分离自野生铁皮石斛中的一种新的内生真菌石斛小菇进行了初步的药理活性测定,发现石斛小菇的发酵液对小鼠中枢神经系统有兴奋作用,石斛小菇菌丝体和发酵液的粗提物具有与中药石斛相似的镇痛作用,并结合化学方法确定了石斛小菇粗提物中与其镇痛药效相对应的活性部位。     

菌根真菌一新种一石斛小菇

从云南省野生铁皮石斛(Dendrobium candidum wall. Ex Lindl.)根中分离出一菌根真菌,经系统形态学研究后,将其鉴定为小菇属(Mycena)一新种：石斛小菇(Mycenadendrobii)。标本保藏在中国科学院微生物研究所菌物标本室(HMAS)。用石斛小菇伴播12种兰科植物种子,实验结果表明该真菌对天麻(Gastrodia elata)和密花石斛(Dendrobum densiflorum)种子萌发有明显促进作用。     

石斛小菇促进天麻种子萌发的转录组研究

天麻Gastrodia elata种子细小而无胚乳,自然条件下需要石斛小菇Mycena dendrobii等真菌共生来完成种子萌发和生长。为了探讨天麻种子接菌萌发过程中的基因表达变化,本研究利用高通量RNA测序技术,对共生真菌石斛小菇、天麻成熟种子以及接菌萌发后的天麻原球茎进行比较分析,共获得42 263条注释unigenes,并筛选到5 409条差异表达基因。GO分析表明,差异表达基因主要参与代谢、离子结合等生物学通路中。KEGG功能富集分析结果表明,差异基因参与了植物激素信号传导、碳代谢、苯丙素生物合成、淀粉与蔗糖代谢以及氨基酸生物合成中。真菌和植物细胞壁多糖经降解产生的寡糖激发子,可以诱导宿主产生多种防御反应,参与到宿主与真菌互作中。在共生萌发过程中,真菌细胞壁降解相关基因的表达显著提高,如几丁质酶和β-1,3-葡聚糖酶基因表达甚至上调了20倍之多。此外,植物细胞壁木聚糖酶和果胶酶基因表达显著升高。这类基因表达可释放寡糖激发子,在天麻种子对石斛小菇的防御过程中起到重要的作用。本文全面分析天麻种子接菌萌发前后基因表达变化,为进一步研究天麻重要功能基因的功能鉴定提供基础。     

发光真菌

本文报道了我国西南地区发光真菌 5属 6种,其中滇丝牛肝菌（Filoboletue yunnanensis P．G．Liu）为我国特有种,粘柄小菇（Mycena glutinipes（Pegler）Sing．）是我国新记录种。     

鼓槌石斛的地理分布与菌根真菌区系组成的相关性

本文研究了兰科石斛属鼓槌石斛的地理分布与菌根真菌区系组成的相关性。采用克隆文库技术对云南省西双版纳和临沧市两个地区的8份野生鼓槌石斛根部样品进行了分析。结果表明,共从两个地区的鼓槌石斛根部获得了14个真菌的可操作分类单元（OTU）,主要隶属于胶膜菌科Tulasnellaceae和小纺锤菌目Atractiellales。分析鼓槌石斛对菌根真菌的专一性和偏好性发现,鼓槌石斛对菌根真菌专一性较低,每个植株都能同时与多种菌根真菌共生;不同地理分布的鼓槌石斛菌根真菌类群存在明显差异,两个地区的鼓槌石斛的菌根真菌中只有1个OTU是相同的,其余均不同。说明菌根真菌可能和鼓槌石斛的生态适应存在一定的相关性。     

菌根真菌促进金钗石斛的生长及氮利用

菌根在兰科的生命周期和进化史上起着关键作用。兰科中大多数是附生兰,但它们的菌根研究相对缺乏。为了探讨菌根对附生兰的影响,本研究用金钗石斛（Dendrobium nobile）与通过形态学特征和分子生物学鉴定的分属于瘤菌根菌属（Epulorhiza）的s1和胶膜菌属（Tulasnella）的S3真菌共培养。共培养结果表明,S1和S3与金钗石斛形成了共生关系,且不同程度地促进了其生长。15N稳定同位素标记实验证实,S1菌株显著促进了金钗石斛对有机氮的利用,而S3菌株没有显著的促进作用。同时．S1和S3真菌均能提高金钗石斛中石斛碱的含量。研究结果表明,菌根真菌能促进附生兰幼苗的生长、有机氮的利用和次生代射产物的积累。     

铁皮石斛内生真菌研究进展

目前已经从不同生境的铁皮石斛(Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo)中分离到内生真菌252株,这些内生真菌涵盖了真菌门（Eumycota;Mycobionta）5个亚门中的半知菌亚门(Deuterornycotina)、担子菌亚门(Basidiomycotina)和子囊菌亚门（Ascomycotina）等3个亚门,已经鉴定的内生真菌分属于48个属。有些内生真菌对铁皮石斛的种子萌发和植株生长均有促进作用。对铁皮石斛内生真菌的多样性和分类、铁皮石斛内生菌与宿主的关系进行了综述,探讨研究中存在的问题, 并对今后研究方向提出建议。     

天麻种子萌发过程中与其共生真菌石斛小菇间的相互作用

天麻Gastrodiaelata种子与石斛小菇Mycenadendrobii的共生萌发试验表明,石斛小菇可与天麻共生,促进天麻种子发芽并形成原球茎。菌丝主要分布于原球茎的柄状细胞、外皮层细胞和内皮层细胞,在外皮层细胞中形成菌丝结,内皮层细胞中的菌丝则被消化。原球茎细胞中的菌丝均被电子透明物质和原球茎细胞质膜包围而与原球茎细胞质相隔离,菌丝进一步液泡化并最终被水解。含有衰败菌丝的原球茎细胞常被菌丝重新定殖。这一菌丝被消化及菌丝的重新定殖过程在整个原球茎发育过程中可不断重复发生。     

天麻种子与小菇属真菌共生萌发的研究*

Four fungal species of Mycena were identificated from the strains isolated from the protocorm and roots of Orchidaceae species.M anoectochial was isolated from the Proocorm of G.elata, M orchidicola, M.dendrobii and M anoectochila respectively separated from the roots of Cymbidium sinense, Dendrobium candidum and Anoectochilus roxburghii. The symbiotic germination test beteen G. Elata seeds and the above fungal species demonstrated that these flingal species can stimulate the seed germination, Which means t…     

Bioluminescent Mycena species from São Paulo, Brazil

Six species of bioluminescent agarics are described and illustrated from a single site in primary Atlantic Forest habitat in the Parque Estadual Turistico do Alto Ribeira, Sao Paulo State, Brazil. These include two new taxa of Mycena, viz. M. asterina and M. lucentipes. Luminescence in Mycena fera, M. singeri and M. discobasis is reported for the first time. In addition an undeterminable luminescent Mycena species is described and additional specimens of Gerronema viridilucens are documented. An accounting of known bioluminescent species of Mycena and a discussion of why they luminesce are presented.     

乌苏里江流域的伞菌及其它大型担子菌

报告了中国东北和俄罗斯远东地区乌苏里江流域伞菌及其它大型担子菌种类。基于作者2003年和2004年在中国黑龙江抚远、饶河、虎林和密山及俄罗斯滨海边疆区和哈巴罗夫斯克边疆区所采得的1200余号标本。记载了132属328种,其中有27种为中国新记录(用星号标注)。此名录包括种的名称及其文献出处、采集地和引证的标本号,不列举同物异名。标本保存于吉林农业大学菌物标本馆(HMJAU)及俄罗斯科学院生物与土壤研究所植物标本馆菌物部(VLA-M)。     

广东小菇属的分类研究

本文报道了广东省小菇属 Mycena(Pers.ex Fr.)s.F.Gray 的21个种,其中新种3个,国内新记录种4个以及新组合1个。新种是鼎湖小菇 Myce-na dinghuensis Bi sp.nov.,近细小菇 Mycena subgracilis Bi sp.nov.以及亚长刺小菇 Mycena sublongiseta Bi sp.nov.。新组合为拟安络小菇 Mycena pseudo-androsacea(Bull.ex Fr.)Bi comb.nov;新记录种是:唯一小菇 Mycena insignis Smith,狭褶小菇 Mycena leptophylla(Pk.)Sacc.,粗糙孢小菇 Mycena trachyspora Rea 以及特洛伊小菇 Mycena,tro-jana Murr.。     

Eight new species of the genus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Mycena</Emphasis> from central Honshu,Japan

Eight new species of the genus Mycena (Agaricales) found on dead leaves or twigs in warm temperate lowland forests are described and illustrated from central Honshu, Japan: (1) Mycena fonticola sp. nov. (section Fragilipedes); (2) Mycena intersecta sp. nov. (section Fragilipedes); (3) Mycena lanuginosa sp. nov. (section Fragilipedes); (4) Mycena mustea sp. nov. (section Fragilipedes); (5) Mycena multiplicata sp. nov. (section Mycena); (6) Mycena nidificata sp. nov. (section Hiemales); (7) Mycena fuscoaurantiaca sp. nov. (section Fragilipedes); and (8) Mycena clariviolacea sp. nov. (section Fragilipedes).     

吉林省担子菌补记(八)

报道了6个吉林省新记录担子菌,即辅毛鬼伞[Coprinus radians(Desm.:Fr.)Fr.]、金黄拟蜡伞[Hy-grophoropsis aurantiaca(Wulf.:Fr.)Maire]、黄柄小菇[Mycena epipterygia(Scop.:Fr.)S.F.Gray]、黏柄小菇[Mycenarorida(Scop.:Fr.)Qu啨l.]、长齿白齿耳菌[Mycoleptodonoides aitchisonii(Berk.)Mass.]和大刷革[Xylobo-lus princeps(Jungh.)Boidin]。其中,黏柄小菇同时为中国新记录种,其他5种首次在我国东北地区发现,拟蜡伞属和白齿耳菌属为吉林省新记录属。标本保存于吉林农业大学菌物标本馆(HMJAU)。     

A micro-well method for estimating fungal response to metal ions. Response to aluminium by some saprophytic basidiomycetes

Cultures of 19 saprophytic basidiomycete species were examined for aluminium resistance using a micro-well technique. The following aluminium concentrations have been employed: 0, 1, e¹, e², e³, and e⁴ mM given as sulphate. Three of the saprophytic species were also tested at the pH values generated by the same A1 concentrations. The following species were considered resistant: Mycena galopus, M. metata, M. inclinata, M. viridimarginata, Marasmius androsaceus, Galerina calyptrata , and Hypholoma capnoides . The following were sensitive: Micromphale perforans, Mycena cinerella, Clitocybe fragrans , and Clitocybe metachroa . The remaining species showed intermediate responses. The autecology of species exhibiting either a high resistance or a high sensitivity is discussed. Mycena galopus , found to be particularly resistant, may be specially tolerant to acidification since it is reported to increase or persist in polluted environments by several authors.     

Two new species of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Mycena</Emphasis> from alpine sites in Norway

Mycena aphanes and Mycena exilis, belonging to section Filipedes and section Polyadelphia, are proposed as new species. They are described and illustrated and compared to other species in the two sections. Mycena aphanes is a strikingly characteristic Mycena with fulvous or yellowish brown colours of both pileus and stipe. Mycena exilis is characterized by its occurrence on fallen Salix leaves, a pale brown pileus, occasionally with a pale pink tinge, narrowly adnate lamellae, four-spored basidia, and the presence of clamp connections.

A new Mycena species with blue basidiomata and porioid hymenophore from Taiwan

A small blue stipitate-pileate mushroom with porioid hymenophore was found on dead Calamus sp. (Arecaceae) in Taiwan. Microscopic characteristics indicated a placement within the Mycenaceae. ITS as well as partial LSU ribosomal RNA gene sequences analyses showed a close relationship with Mycena illuminans within the Mycenaceae. A new species with completely blue basidiomata, Mycena indigotica, is proposed based on morphological and molecular evidence.