安徽蔷薇科新植物

<正> 与原变种的区别在于叶柄较长,长5—10厘米,顶生小叶柄长2厘米,顶生小叶先端长尾尖,基部心形,花梗较短,长1.5—3厘米,子房微具腺毛。     

中国姜科二新种

<正> 斑蝉姜 新种 图1 Zingiber monglaense Senjen et Z.Y.Chen sp.nov Species affinis Z.nudicarpo D.Fang a quo differt spica globosa velellipsoidea tantum dimidio minore longa,foliis illo 3-plo majoribus,nervislateralibus manifestis. Herba perennis 1.6-2 m alta.Folia 10-26;lamina elliptica vel longi-elliptica,30-70 cm longa,6-15 cm lata;petiolus 0-2 cm longus;ligula     

广西雀舌木属一新种

<正> 灌木,高达2米;小枝褐色,圆柱形,近无毛。叶互生,革质,圆形至卵形或卵状椭圆形,长2—5厘米,宽1.5—2.5厘米,先端圆形或钝,基部圆形或阔楔形,两面无毛,边全缘,中肋上面消凹,下面突起;侧脉不明显,3—5对;叶柄增厚,长3—4毫米,无毛;托叶微小。花单性;雌雄同株,单生于叶腋。雄花:花柄长2—2.5厘米,无毛;萼片5枚,     

东北地区乳菇属的初步研究

本文报道了东北地区乳菇属(Lactarius)的29种,其中包括新种2个,长白乳菇(L.chanbainensis Y.Wang et Xie sp.nov.)温泉乳菇(L.wenquanensis Y.Wang et Xie sp.nov.);国内新记录种5个:茶绿乳菇[L.necator(Pers.ex Fr.)Farst.],条纹乳菇[L.oculatus(Peck)Burl.],变红乳菇[L.acris(Bolt.ex Fr.)Gray],复生乳菇(L.repraesentaneus Britz.)和点柄乳菇(L.maculatus Burl.)。新种有汉文和拉丁文描述以及形态、显微构造图;国内新记录种有汉文描述。     

EVOLUTIONARY INFERENCES FROM RESTRICTION MAPS OF MITOCHONDRIAL DNA FROM NINE TAXA OF XENOPUS FROGS

Restriction endonuclease cleavage maps were prepared by the double digestion method for mitochondrial DNAs (mtDNAs) purified from Xenopus borealis, X. clivii, X. fraseri, X. muelleri, X. ruwenzoriensis, X. vestitus, X. laevis victorianus, X. l. laevis, and a variant of X. laevis designated X. laevis “davis.” An average of 21 cleavage sites per genome were mapped with 11 restriction endonucleases. Among the four invariant sites found are three conserved not only among the Xenopus mtDNAs tested but also among nearly all vertebrate mtDNAs examined to date. Two of these are Sac II sites in the 12S and 16S ribosomal RNA genes, and one is a Hpa I site in the gene for asparagine transfer RNA. These three sites permit the alignment and comparison of mtDNAs from different vertebrate classes. Although most of the differences observed among the Xenopus maps are attributable to point mutations causing gain or loss of restriction sites, the maps also differ by three large length mutations in or near the displacement loop. Phylogenetic analysis of 30 informative sites suggests that those members of the laevis species-group that have 36 chromosomes per somatic cell can be divided into three subgroups: 1) X. borealis, X. clivii, and perhaps X. fraseri (the “borealis” subgroup), 2) X. muelleri, and 3) the subspecies of X, laevis. The mtDNA of the hexaploid (2n = 108) species, X. ruwenzoriensis, is most similar to that of taxa in the latter two subgroups, which contrasts with the morphological similarity of this species to X. fraseri. X. ruwenzoriensis may be an allopolyploid with a mother (the contributor of the cytoplasmic mtDNA genome) on the X. laevis or X. muelleri lineage and a father on the X. fraseri lineage. We present a model showing how mtDNA and nuclear genomes can yield contrasting phytogenies for species-groups that have undergone several rounds of interspecific hybridization. Comparison of mitochondrial and nuclear sequence divergences suggests that Xenopus mtDNA, like that of mammals and birds, evolves faster than nuclear DNA. Genetic distances among mtDNAs of Xenopus species are very large, generally approaching or exceeding one substitution per nucleotide.     

RECONSTRUCTION OF AN APPARATUS OF NEOSTRACHANOGNATHUS TAHOENSIS FROM ORITATE,JAPAN AND SPECIES OF NEOSTRACHANOGNATHUS FROM OMAN

Abstract: The apparatus of an Early Triassic conodont Neostrachanognathus tahoensis Koike, 1998 from Oritate, Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan, and a species of Neostrachanognathus from Oman were reconstructed. On the basis of five natural assemblages from the Oritate area, the three‐dimensional apparatus model of N. tahoensis is interpreted as bilaterally symmetrical and composed of 14 elements consisting of pairs of P₁, P₂, P₃, S₁, S₂, S₃, and S₄ elements. The P₁ and P₂ elements are coniform elements, the P₃ elements are digyrate forms, and the S elements are bipennate ramiforms. The S elements are arranged rostrally in the apparatus and the pairs of the P₁, P₂, and P₃ elements are subvertically arranged caudally and ventrally to the S array. One of the natural assemblages was formed by rostrocaudal collapse of the apparatus on the sea floor, whereas the other assemblages indicate that conodont animals came to rest nearly parallel with the substrate prior to burial. A collection of isolated elements from Jabal Safra, Oman, includes a second species of Neostrachanognathus with a comparable apparatus.     

伊氏锥虫在人胚肺成纤维细胞和在新生鼠肾成纤维细胞型细胞中的体外培养

在HEPES缓冲,含15—20％胎牛血清,100单位青霉素/ml,100微克链霉素/ml的RPMI-1640培养基中,用人胚肺成纤维细胞(KMB)和新生鼠肾成纤维细胞型细胞(ZUKF)作支持细胞,成功地使伊氏锥虫(Trypanosoma evansi)正常动基体株(kinetoplastic strain)和异常动基体株(dyskinetoplastic strain)在37℃含5％ CO_2的二氧化碳培养箱中连续培养达60天以上,并保持其对小鼠的高度感染力和致病力。这是迄今为止首次利用来源于人的细胞作支持细胞连续培养家畜非洲锥虫血液型成功的报告。实验结果表明伊氏锥虫体外培养成功与否对提供支持细胞的宿主是否有感染性无必然的联系。此外,利用Baltz氏等建立的无支持细胞培养系统,我们亦成功地使上述两伊氏锥虫株在体外连续繁殖,并保持对小鼠的高度感染力和致病力。     

由药根碱合成四氢巴马丁的研究

从九连小檗细胞培养得到药根碱,经甲基化和氢化还原二步反应,得四氢巴马丁,收率约为43％。     

广西大戟科植物资料

<正> 广西的大戟科植物种类众多。作者对广西中草药原植物研究过程,将已采集的标本及华南植物所标本室(SCBI)和广东、广西主要标本室(均有注明)收藏的广西及其邻近地区的大戟科标本进行整理;现报道(一)、三宝木属植物摘记;有5种和3个新变种,其中广西产5种、1变种。(二)、广西白大凤属植物;1种。     

ISOLATION OF NUCLEI FROM YEAST

A method for isolation of nuclei from Saccharomyces cervisiae in high yield is described. The DNA/protein ratio of the isolated nuclei is 10 times higher than that of whole cells. Examination of these nuclei in phase and electron microscopes has shown them to be round bodies having a double membrane, microtubules, and a dark crescent at one end. The optimum conditions for extraction and resolution of histones of these nuclei on acrylamide gels have been investigated. The nuclei have an active RNA polymerase (E.C. 2.7.7.6) and are able to synthesize RNA in vitro. They are also readily stainable with Giemsa's, Feulgen's, and acridine orange methods.     

PREVENTION OF INJURY FROM X-RADIATION

Despite continued advances in x-ray technology, evidence indicates that x-radiation injuries occur today to an excessive degree. These injuries have led to a progressive stiffening of standards of permissible exposure, especially in the past 15 years.Protection from radiation damage is logically based on dosimetry, preferably administered by a centralized service laboratory. The experience of two large hospitals in the control of x-radiation exposure is cited.Personnel exposed to x-radiation may be monitored by either pocket dosimeters of the ion chamber or electroscope type or by standardized film badge dosimeters. A recently developed film badge dosimeter that measures effective x-ray energy and radiation exposure in a quantitative manner is described.     

云南牛毛藓属的分类

本文对牛毛藓属(Ditrichum Hamp.)的几次调动及模式种的变更情况作了较详细的报道,并在系统研究了昆明植物所及云南大学生物系历年从云南各地所采标本后,发现云南现有该属植物7种,其中3种:D. brevidens Nog., D. darjeelingense Ren. et Card.和D. tortuloides Grout为云南新分布种。     

CRYSTALLIZATION OF PEPSIN FROM ALCOHOL

1. Pepsin is soluble in 65 per cent alcohol and may be readily crystallized from 20 per cent alcohol. The crystals appear as needles or plates which may be transformed into the usual hexagonal bipyramids by recrystallization from water. The different crystals are probably two crystalline forms of the same chemical substance. 2. The enzyme is quite stable in 20 per cent alcohol at pH 2.0 but is inactivated by high concentrations of alcohol. 3. The enzyme is stable for several hours in 65 per cent alcohol at pH 4.0 to 5.0 but is rapidly inactivated in more acid solution. 4. No increase in activity could be noted after treatment with hydrogen peroxide. 5. No proteolytic activity either before or after treatment with hydrogen peroxide could be found in trichloracetic acid filtrates, butyl alcohol extracts of pepsin preparations, or oxidized phenylhydrazine solutions.     

荷兰豆根瘤菌的分离、鉴定及其菌剂的研制和应用

本文对南方出口蔬菜-荷兰豆的根瘤菌进行分离、鉴定及其菌剂的研制和应用的研究．结果表明,所分离的菌株能适应本省的不同类型的土壤环境,与荷兰豆中的多个品种结出有效根瘤,盆栽试验结瘤率达到100％,大田应用在90％以上;接种了该菌株,能使荷兰豆植株较高大粗壮、分枝多、有效花多、结荚数增加、产品的质量提高,大田应用的增产率可达14％,产品一级率可提高10％左右。大田试验结果表明,施用该菌剂,可减少氮肥的施用量,降低生产成本,从而提高荷兰豆生产的经济效益．     

EXTRUSION OF NUCLEOLI FROM PRONUCLEI OF THE RAT

Electron microscope observations of osmium tetroxide-fixed rat eggs indicate that small nucleoli are extruded from pronuclei in a sharply demarcated time period after sperm penetration. Approximately 4½ hours after sperm penetration, fine fibrous material aggregated in distinct loci along the inner surface of the nuclear envelope and condensed into small, dense bodies. The term tertiary nucleolus or extrusion body is used to designate the forming bodies. The small tertiary nucleoli form distinct protrusions from the pronuclei during the following developmental period and finally bud off into the cytoplasm, carrying with them a small portion of the double nuclear envelope. The extrusion bodies can be observed only in the vicinity of the pronuclei and have not been seen near the cell membrane. The fate of the tertiary nucleoli is not known; apparently they transform or disappear after they have passed into the cytoplasm. Eleven hours after sperm penetration, tertiary nucleoli are not present near the nuclear membrane and the extrusion activity has apparently ceased. Large and small nucleoli react similarly to cytochemical reagents: they are Feulgen negative; they are positive to the Millon, Sakaguchi, brom-phenol blue, and PAS reactions. Azure B stain combined with nuclease extraction indicates the presence of small amounts of RNA in the nucleoli.     

贵州卫矛科新植物

本文报道了卫矛科一新种及二新变种,即茶色卫矛Euonymus theacolus,带叶大果卫矛E.myrianthus var.tenuis,狭叶霜叶南蛇藤Celastrus glaumphyllus var.angustus.     

粤北一种虫草分离菌的抗酵母现象

CR 95 1 2是一株分离自粤北一种虫草的无孢丝状真菌 ,经培养初步鉴定为无孢菌目(^{Agonomycetales})的丝核菌属 (^Rhizoctonia)。对包括革兰氏阳性及阴性细菌、放线菌、丝状真菌和酵母菌在内的 2 6株致敏菌株的抗性测定表明 ,CR 95 1 2对包括红酵母属 (^Rhodotorula)、酵母属 (^{Saccharomyces})、毕赤氏酵母属 (Pichia)和隐球酵母属 (^Cryptoc