湖北石首麋鹿国家级自然保护区麋鹿冬季卧息地微生境选择

掌握麋鹿种群冬季卧息地的微生境特征,可为冬季麋鹿种群的科学保护和有效管理提供理论依据.2011年12月-2012年2月,通过对61个利用样方和70个对照样方的比较调查,研究了湖北石首麋鹿国家级自然保护区内麋鹿冬季卧息地微生境选择.结果表明,湖北石首麋鹿国家级自然保护区内麋鹿冬季主要选择在食物丰富、植被盖度大、隐蔽度高的生境卧息.主成分分析表明,影响冬季麋鹿卧息地微生境选择的决定性因子是食物因子、温度因子、舒适因子.本研究分析了麋鹿种群对冬季卧息地生态因子选择的要求和原因,对麋鹿自然野化、种群就地与迁地保护均具有十分重要的意义.     

湖北石首麋鹿的冬季生境选择

2005年11月至2006年2月,研究了石首麋鹿冬季的生境选择。共随机抽取了195个样方,其中石首麋鹿国家级自然保护区内111个,保护区外江南三合垸84个。在样方中测定了食物丰富度、距水源的距离、距林缘距离、距道路的距离、植被类型、距最近居民点的距离6种生境因子。用SPSS软件分别进行卡方检验、主成分分析和相关分析。结果表明:麋鹿选择食物丰富、距水源近且远离人为干扰的开阔生境;影响麋鹿冬季生境选择的3个主成分依次为食物因子、人为干扰因子、水源因子;鹿群大小与各生境因子相关不显著。该结果可为保护和改善石首麋鹿的栖息地提供参考。     

洞庭湖区重引入麋鹿的可行性研究

洞庭湖湖区湿地是麋鹿（Elaphurus davidianus)的古栖息地。为了使麋鹿重返洞庭湖,2000－2001年,我们考察了湖北石首天鹅洲麋鹿自然保护区,北京麋鹿苑和江苏大丰麋鹿自然保护区的麋鹿种群,勘察洞庭湖区岳阳市,常德市和益阳市的10处洲滩,发现湖南汉寿县枝桔林垸,华容县集成垸与湖北天鹅洲麋鹿自然保护区的自然条件相似,是洞庭湖区麋鹿重引入的适宜地点。于是,我们对桔林垸和集成垸的自然条件和动植物资源等进行了调查,并对麋鹿喜食植物的生物量进行了抽样调查,确定了环境容纳量。集成垸的植被有3个植被型组,有维管植物75科189属264种,可用于放养麋鹿的面积为2000hm^2,麋鹿夏季喜食植物有50种,其鲜重21158．4吨,麋鹿环境容纳量为1000余头。桔林垸在1998年退田还湖后,天然植被恢复很快,其植被类型有3个植被型组,有维管植物75科189属250余种,具有麋鹿夏季喜食的植物52种,其鲜重达18859．0吨,可供9408余头麋鹿生存。其适合放养麋鹿面积为1703．1hm^2,环境容纳量在850头麋鹿以上。无论从气候还是从食物,环境容纳量来看,桔林垸和集成垸均适合重新引入麋鹿。本文讨论了再引入麋鹿的人类协助性措施。保证生存空间,防治疾病,生境改造和种群与生境监测等,以期最终在洞庭湖湿地恢复麋鹿自然种群。     

大丰野放麇鹿生境中芦苇和互花米草的营养对比分析

2008年9月-2009年7月,对江苏大丰麋鹿国家级自然保护区野放麋鹿生境中食源植物芦苇(Phragmites australis)和互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)的营养成分变化进行了研究;并对5条样线上的样点分别采样,对互花米草和芦苇的粗蛋白、酸性洗涤纤维及中性洗涤纤维分别进行了测定.结果表明:互花米草粗蛋白含量为8.09%,酸性洗涤纤维为36.34%,中性洗涤纤维为69.82%;而芦苇的年度粗蛋白含量为2.84%,酸性洗涤纤维为45.99%,中性洗涤纤维为77.78%;大丰野放麋鹿生境中互花米草的营养成分含量比芦苇高,可见,互花米草是野放麋鹿的喜食植物.     

广东省沙溪自然保护区植被资源与分布

文章通过对沙溪自然保护区的植物资源调查,对保护区的植被类型进行了分类,并对野生植物资源的种类的分布进行了分析.调查发现保护区有7种植被类型,其中以亚热带常绿阔叶林为主要植被类型,主要分布于海拔100~850m左右的丘陵和山地.亚热带常绿针叶与阔叶混交林面积较大,主要分布在长坪一带.亚热带常绿与落叶阔叶混交林、亚热带常绿针叶林、灌丛草坡分布较少.竹林主要在村庄附近的沟谷两旁和山地,处于半自然状态.保护区野生维管植物191科630属1225种,其中野生国家级保护植物7种,珍稀野生保护植物7种.保护区内植物资源丰富,其中野生维管植物资源种类繁多,蕴藏量较大,不少种类具有巨大的经济价值和生态价值,这对保护区及北江流域生态环境的保护和改善提供了基础依据.     

野生扬子鳄栖息地植被多样性

2003年6～7月,采用样方法,对野生扬子鳄在安徽省南陵县、泾县、广德县、郎溪县和宣城地区等5县市的22个栖息地的植被进行了野外实地调查,并对植物种类作了详细的记录和分析,结果发现,野生扬子鳄栖息地植被均属于次生性植被,共有维管束植物92科294种;苦竹(Pteioblastus amarus)灌丛广泛分布于每个栖息地;22个调查点的植被多样性存在一定的差异．同时还初步分析了野生扬子鳄与栖息地植被多样性之间的关系,为野生扬子鳄的保护提供植物生态学基础资料。     

香港西贡牛尾海邻近岛屿植被与植物物种多样性

牛尾海是连接香港陆地和南中国海的重要通道.作者采取全面普查和重点线路补查的方法,于1997年8月、12月和2008年6月先后3次考察了牛尾海邻近各岛屿的植被概况和植物种类.结果表明,牛尾海邻近岛屿共有维管束植物345种,隶属于108科254属.植被类型以灌丛和草灌丛为主,兼有次生性常绿阔叶林和滨海砂生植被,并有相当数量...     

浙江海岛盐生植被研究Ⅱ──天然植被类型及开发利用

天然盐生植被是海岛盐生植被的主体,类型丰富,分布广泛,在海岛植被的研究及开发利用中占据重要地位。目前,天然盐生植被的分类尚无统一标准与系统。本文根据作者1990～1993年在浙江海岛用样方法(Ｈ.ＶｏｎＰｏｓｔ,1851;陈彦卓,1965)测定的样地数据,参照《中国植被》的分类方法,根据群落的外貌与结构、生态地理、动态和种类组成等特征进行分类,其中对群系级单位侧重于种类组成,并采用建群植物的重要值(Ｊ.Ｔ.ＣｕｒｔｉｓａｎｄＲ.Ｐ.ＭｃＩｎｔｏｓｈ,1951)作为分类的定量指标。据此,浙江海岛天然盐生植被可划分为3个植被型、8个群系组、18…     

内蒙古野生葱属植物资源的开发利用与保护

内蒙古葱属植物分布较广、种类繁多,这类植物对人类有较高的利用价值.多年来人们对这类植物不合理的采集利用,导致了资源及相关植被的破坏.通过我们近几年的调查研究.找出了用种子繁殖扩大种植面积和合理利用的有效措施.既扩大了野生葱属植物的利用空间,又对野生葱属资源和天然植被起到了很好的保护作用.     

酒泉花城湖国家湿地公园植物群落组成及其类型

采用踏查、样线及样方法调查花城湖国家湿地公园内植物种类和群落组成,分析研究其植物组成、地理区系、生活型成分及群落组成特征,为管理部门进行科学管理区域植被提供科学依据.方法:分析湿地植物区系地理成分、生活型成分及群落组成特征.结果表明:(1)花城湖国家湿地公园共有维管束植物35科79属93种,其中:蕨类植物1科1属1种,...     

A review on ethno-medicinal plants used in traditional medicine in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

The traditional medicine based on medicinal plants in the Kingdom of Arabia Saudia presents a strong relationship belonging to natural remedies, health, diet, and folk healing practice recognized by a specific culture. The aim of the current study is to carry out an ethnobotanical review on medicinal plants used in traditional medicine in the Kingdom of Arabia Saudia including information on plant species, used parts, preparation method as well as medical uses. Earlier published data in journals, textbooks, periodicals, websites, and databases written in pharmacological evidence of Suadi medicinal plants were based on gathering information. The present review work reported that 96 species belonging to 47 families have been used in Saudi Pharmacopeia. Amaranthaceae has the highest number of plant species (7) Followed by Asteraceae, Apocynaceae, and Fabaceae with 5 plant species in each. The inventoried plant species in the current work are frequently used for the treatment of various illnesses and to ensure the medication safety of Saudi people. The biological analysis of plant form used in Saudi natural remedies showed the dominance of herb and subshrub form with a percentage of 43% and 30% respectively. The most used preparation method of plant drugs, which used in Saudi Alternative medicine was decoction and infusion. The whole plant, leaves, seeds, and aerial parts were the most useful plant parts in natural preparation in Saudi traditional medicine with a percentage of 29%, 28%, 7%, and 5% respectively as reported in the present review work. The present review work gives big data about medicinal plants used in traditional medicine in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia including data about plant species, used parts, preparation method as well as medical uses.     

Revisiting the Böcher-modified Raunkiær method for estimating the frequency of plant species

The frequency of plant species in a plot of a certain area was introduced as a species abundance measure by Raunkiær in 1910. One drawback of the method is that plots with a relatively small area are useful for estimating the frequency of dominant plants, whereas plots with a relatively large area are more useful for estimating the frequency of infrequently observed plant species. Consequently, Böcher suggested modifying the method by using a set of increasingly large circles, centered on the same point, and recording the smallest circle where the species is observed. The aim of this study is to provide a statistical framework for analyzing data sampled by the Böcher-modified Raunkiær method in such a way that the results are comparable to the results obtained when using a grid frame with many subplots. In order to demonstrate the suggested statistical framework, the original data sampled by Böcher in 1935 is reanalyzed. Finally, it is argued that the Böcher-modified Raunkiær method in some ways is a superior method for measuring plant occurrence probabilities compared to the typically used grid frame.     

Plant species potentially useful in the phytostabilization process for the abandoned CMC mining site in northern Cyprus

The Cupper Mining Company (CMC)'s site located in Lefke-Gemikonagi, Northern Cyprus has been a continuous source of highly dangerous contamination for the surrounding environment, the Lefke region, and the neighboring ecosystems and settlements. Rehabilitation and reuse possibilities of the CMC site due to its vital importance have kept its place in the agenda of Northern Cyprus. Phytostabilization appears to be a convenient and less expensive method that can immediately be used for reducing the negative impacts of the mining site on the region. The main purpose of this study is to identify potential candidate plant species, adapted to grow on polluted sites, for revegetation in the CMC site. Within this context, the method of the study can be summarized as follows: literature review for examining potential candidate plant species for pyhtostabilization in arid and semiarid regions, especially the ones suitable both for the existing ecological and present conditions of Cyprus; identification of native and/or cultural plant species survived in the heavily polluted mining site, and definition of a number of candidate plant species for the study site. The result of sampling revealed that 23 plant species thrive well in the contaminated site. As a result of the literature review and considering drought, metal, salt tolerant features of semiarid environment in the region, 5 tree, 4 shrub, and 23 herbaceous plant species were proposed for starting revegetation with the purpose of phytostabilization on the CMC mining site.     

Revegetation of an artificial cut-slope by seeds dispersed from the surrounding vegetation

We examined a method for revegetation of cut-slopes in Tochigi, Japan, using only natural plant dispersal from the surrounding vegetation. We examined plant establishment in six plots in a cut-slope in bedrock (inclination: 65°, direction: S45°W) treated with various types of netting and fertilizer. We surveyed the plant communities, individual trees, and seed rain on the cut-slope, as well as the plant community on the undisturbed upper slope. Revegetation method using polyethylene netting with fertilizer and water-retention material was the most effective. The resulting plant community was dominated by Pinus densiflora, with a cover of 49.0±11.4% after 5 years. This plant community consisted of 19 species, including ten tree species and a density of 26.2 trees/m². Revegetation method using palm-fiber netting with fertilizer also resulted in high plant cover after five years, although little revegetation grew on this plot in the earlier years. The roughness of the palm fiber may have inhibited revegetation. Application of fertilizer was essential for the success of this natural revegetation method. In addition, the revegetated plant community was strongly influenced by seed rain from the vegetation of the upper slope. The number of trees that became established was much lower than the number of tree seeds that were dispersed, possibly because of the absence of soil. We recommend that soil is allowed to accumulate or that a base of material to facilitate plant growth is added. Successful revegetation was achieved even under the harsh conditions of this cut-slope.     

Effect of Hay Transfer on Long-Term Establishment of Vegetation and Grasshoppers on Former Arable Fields

The transfer of seed‐containing hay is a restoration measure for the introduction of plant species of local provenance. We investigated the effect of hay transfer on species richness and on long‐term establishment of target plant and grasshopper species on former arable fields with and without topsoil removal in comparison to reference sites in a nature reserve. Plant species richness, the number of target plant species, and Red List plant species were significantly positively affected by hay transfer, both on the scale of whole restoration fields and on permanent plots of 4 m². Eight years after the start of the restoration, only few of the transferred plant species had disappeared and some target species were newly found. Grasshoppers were affected not by hay transfer but by topsoil removal. The proportion of target grasshopper and plant species and Red List grasshopper species was higher on topsoil removal sites with low standing crop and high cover of bare soil than on sites without soil removal. On topsoil removal sites without hay, however, plant species richness was very low because of the slow natural dispersal of the target species. Vegetation and grasshopper communities still differed between restoration fields and the nature reserve. Nevertheless, our results indicate that the transfer of autochthonous seed‐containing hay is a successful method to establish species‐rich grasslands with a high proportion of target species.     

一种改良的植物基因组DNA通用提取方法

高质量的基因组DNA是分子生物学研究的基础,而从富含糖类和次生代谢物且异质性强的植物材料中分离DNA相对困难。本方法在CTAB法和商业DNA提取试剂盒的基础上,在裂解细胞之前,对植物材料进行预处理．去除干扰DNA提取的代谢物,并在后续步骤中进行了一些优化。该方法适于多种不同的植物种类,所提取的基因组DNA质量较好,能满足下一步基因操作的要求,是一种通用的植物基因组DNA提取方法。     

赛加羚羊Saiga tatarica引种区植被特征研究 Ⅱ．植物群落结构及主要植物营养成分分析

在植物区系研究的基础上,作者于１９８８～１９９３年在甘肃省武威市进一步研究了赛加羚羊引种区的植物群落特征,观察了３０种植物的物候期,用常规方法化验了７２种植物的营养成分,从植被特征出发,综合评价其对赛加羚羊的适宜性。     

A novel method for floristic quality assessment using the vegetation of the Jiuding Mountain, Sichuan, China as an example

Floristic Quality Assessment (FQA) is proposed as a new method to assess floristic integrity. In the present study, we use both the conventional method broadly adopted in the USA and a new one proposed herein to assess the floristic quality of the Jiuding Mountain. For the application of the FQA, each plant species was assigned an integer from 0 to 10 termed coefficient of conservatism (C) based on its global distribution area. The coefficient shows the degree of fidelity of each plant species to the flora of the west slope of the Jiuding Mountain and represents a rank based on its distribution area. Those species receiving a C value of 0–1 are distributed all over the world, those receiving a C value of 2–3 mostly in tropical areas, and those receiving a C value of 4–6 broadly in temperate areas. Species with C values of 7–8 are endemic to China and those with coefficients 9–10 are restricted to the Hengduan Mountains or even endemic to the Jiuding Mountain. Based on the fact that different plant species show different relative importance values (IV), the new method estimates the weighted averages for the coefficient of conservatism called the weighted mean coefficient of conservatism (     _w). The floristic quality index (FQI) was then derived from     or     _w, native species richness (N) and non-native species (A). As expected when using the new method, the dominant species of the communities obtained different Cs, which resulted in different     _ws and FQI_ws as compared to the conventional method.     

我国蓝草的传统植物学知识研究

蓝草在我国历史上曾是重要的经济作物,蓝草制备的植物靛蓝具有抗菌消炎和抗紫外线等保健作用,然而在合成靛蓝商业化的冲击下,蓝草制靛技艺几乎消亡。近年来,伴随着人们对环保和生物多样性的关注,植物靛蓝需求量不断增加,对蓝草的研究也越来越受关注。该文在文献研究的基础上,简要介绍了我国民间利用的蓝草种类及分布,对我国蓝草制靛工艺的发展进行了梳理,重点阐述了制靛工艺原理和工艺传承现状,并对存在的问题进行了讨论。结果表明:文献记载的我国蓝草共10种及变种,分属于6科6属,现利用的蓝草仅5种;我国蓝草制靛工艺从浸揉染色法发展为固态发酵制蓝法和液态发酵制靛法,只有液态发酵制靛法沿用至今;制靛工艺是将蓝草中的前体物质转化为靛蓝并伴有靛玉红等副产物生成的过程,影响靛蓝纯度的因素包括蓝草的材料选择、温度、浸泡时间、pH值、溶氧量等。目前我国蓝草的研究已取得了一些成果,但在蓝草种类的古籍考证、蓝草种质资源的挖掘以及蓝草传统制靛工艺的还原和再现等方面仍有待于进一步研究。     

白水江自然保护区植物物种多样性的垂直格局: 面积、气候、边界限制的解释

采用线性回归模型和方差分离方法,分析面积、气候、边界限制对白水江自然保护区植物物种垂直分布格局的相对作用和独立作用.结果表明:白水江自然保护区植物物种及不同类群的物种多样性随海拔的升高呈单峰分布格局,峰值分布偏向低海拔段.白水江自然保护区植物物种的垂直分布格局是由各种因素协同作用的结果.水分能量动态假设对白水江自然保护区植物物种多样性垂直格局的解释力最强,面积是影响物种多样性格局的第二重要因子.边界限制效应可作为对白水江自然保护区植物物种多样性垂直格局解释的补充机制.边界限制对不同种域的物种解释力存在较大差异,随着物种分布宽度的增加,边界限制的解释力逐渐增加.