神经生长因子应用研究进展

神经生长因子的研究已经进入应用阶段,国内外科学工作者完成了天然神经生长因子及其基因重组表达神经生长因子的中试研究和药理学研究,结果显示,ＮＧＦ在外周神经损伤后有肯定的促进再生作用,毒理学研究方面尚未见到ＮＧＦ有何严重不良反应的报道。目前,国内外正进行了临床研究工作,初步结果表明神经生长因子可能成为治疗周围神经病的潜在药物之一     

肝素结构与功能的研究进展

肝素是一类结构异常复杂的糖胺聚糖,与此相对应的是其多种生物学功能。除了经典的抗凝血及其相关的抗血栓生成以外,肝素还具有抗平滑肌细胞增殖,抗炎症,抗肿瘤及抗病毒等,并且这些生物活性同抗凝活性无关,而同肝素的特异结构密切相关。     

神经生长因子作用机理研究进展

神经生长因子在临床上具有重大的应用价值,它能通过多种信号传递途径起作用,对其机理的研究具有重要的理论意义。本就ＮＧＦ作用的早期效应阶段所涉及的激素作用途径进行综述,并讨论其中尚解决或存在争议的几个重要问题。     

蛇毒神经生长因子的研究进展

神经生长因子（Ｎｅｒｖｅｇｒｏｗｔｈｆａｃｔｏｒ,ＮＧＦ）是神经系统最重要的生物活性分子之一,是交感神经元和感觉神经元生长和存活所必需的一种营养成分,对神经元的存活,神经纤维的生长和分化以及再生起极其重要的作用。它的有关研究已成为发育神经学、神经损伤...     

糖皮质激素受体结构与功能研究进展

糖皮质激素受体（GR）是核受体超家族中的重要成员,也是一种典型的激素依赖性转录调节因子。与激素结合后通过与靶基因糖皮质激素反应元件（GRE）相互作用。从而调节靶基因的表达。引起各种生物学效应。近年对人GR（hGR)的分子结构与生物学作用的研究有一定进展。     

载脂蛋白AI结构与功能研究进展

载脂蛋白AI（apoAI)是高密度脂蛋白（HDL）中主要的蛋白质,它是细胞胆固醇逆向转运（RCT）的特殊重要因素,ApoAI能与磷脂,多种血浆因子及细胞膜受体结合,可以激活卵磷脂胆固醇酰基转移酶（LCAT）,起着促进细胞内胆固醇的移出,酯化,转移,以及调节HDL代谢的作用。ApoAI在各种HDL亚类中其空间结构有较大差异。这与HDL成熟过程及运载胆固醇等生理功能密切相关。     

呼肠孤病毒结构与功能研究进展

随着现代分子生物学研究方法与计算机分子信息及模型处理技术的迅速发展,研究病毒基因结构与功能、三维构像与结构模型、病毒的遗传变异与系统进化,已成为现代分子病毒学研究领域的热点课题.其实质在于揭示病毒的复制与组装机制,探明病毒与宿主间的互相关系及遗传变异规律等,为最终从理论上阐明病毒致病的分子机理,以及从实践上解决病毒病的诊断与防治技术提供有效的实验依据.20世纪50年代呼肠孤病毒的发现,首次证实了双链RNA病毒可作为稳定生命形式存在于自然界.特别是呼肠孤病毒特有的分段RNA基因组结构与全保留复制特征,为研究病毒的毒力、转录调控机制、病毒与宿主细胞间的相互作用提供了良好的研究模型.正呼肠孤病毒(亦简称呼肠孤病毒)T1L、T2J和T3D为呼肠孤病毒三种血清型原型分离株,目前已研究得十分深入.本文就近年来呼肠孤病毒结构与功能研究进展综述如下.     

CCR5结构与功能研究进展

ＨＩＶ 的侵入与宿主细胞表面共受体ＣＣＲ５ 密切相关。本文报道了ＣＣＲ５ ５端非编码区多态性的研究,以及用基因删除,点突变等方法研究ＣＣＲ５ Ｎ 端和Ｃ端的功能区域。发现了ＣＣＲ５ Δ３２ 受体基因缺陷型能有保护人群免受ＨＩＶ 的感染。     

肝素结构与功能的研究进展

肝素是一类结构异常复杂的糖胺聚糖,与此相对应的是其多种生物学功能。除了经典的抗凝血及其相关的抗血拴生成以外,肝素还具有抗平滑肌细胞增殖、抗炎症、抗肿瘤及抗病毒等,并且这些生物活性同抗凝活性无关,而同肝素的特异结构密切相关。本文综述了肝素的多种生物学功能、作用机制及结构与功能的关系。     

分子伴侣结构与功能的研究进展

分子伴侣是细胞内一类能够协助其他多肽进行正常折叠、组装、转运、降解的蛋白,并在 DNA的复制、转录,细胞骨架功能,细胞内的信号转导等广泛的领域,都发挥着重要的生理作用,其结构与功能异常会导致多种相关的疾病。简要综述了分子伴侣结构与功能方面的研究进展。     

神经生长因子介导的促神经生长化合物筛选系统的建立

为了合理评价化合物的促神经再生活性.用溴化四唑蓝(MTT)、分化计数、图象处理等方法，借助FK506、GPI1046阳性化合物，建立了一个基于PC12细胞存活和分化的化合物筛选系统.结果表明，无论在细胞存活实验还是在分化实验中，FK506、GPI1046都可以明显增强神经生长因子(NGF)的效应，即有促神经再生的作用.也就是说，这一系统将有助于从组合化学方法合成的化合物文库中，筛选出具有促神经再生活性的化合物.     

神经生长因子与冻干异体神经桥接大鼠神经缺损的研究

实验采用冻干处理的异体神经与外源性神经生长因子（ＮＧＦ）结合来桥接大鼠的坐骨神经１．０ｃｍ的缺损。用雄性Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠进行的四组实验结果表明：冻干处理的异体神经可降低其抗原性,但处理后并不损害雪旺氏细胞（ＳＣ）基底膜的完整性,在移植后可能成为轴突再生的通道和支架;外源性ＮＧＦ与冻干神经结合形成的复合体,可为神经的再生提供一个较好的微环境,具有成为理想桥接材料的可能性     

神经生长因子启动哮喘神经-内分泌-免疫网络功能失衡

神经生长因子是一种对神经生长、分化起到营养作用的肽类,其在哮喘发病过程中被认为是连接神经-内分泌-免疫网络的桥梁,作用机制可能如下:a.神经生长因子引起气道神经解剖结构和功能变化,促进气道神经末梢合成和释放递质,有助于气道重构的形成;b.神经生长因子能够增强变应原特异性IgE抗体的表达,促进肥大细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、淋巴细胞等在气道聚集,诱导其释放炎症介质,改变免疫应答平衡状态;c.神经生长因子可能启动肾上腺髓质细胞冗余性,使其向神经细胞转变,导致髓质细胞内分泌功能削弱,使肾上腺素合成、释放和再摄取功能障碍,最终导致循环中肾上腺素达不到维持气道舒张状态所需水平.     

神经生长因子家族及其受体研究进展

过去几年在神经营养因子、受体和神经元细胞程序性死亡的研究领域中取得了几项引人注目的进展：（１）神经生长因子（ＮＧＦ）基因家族的其他一些成员包括脑源性神经营养因子（ＢＤＮＦ）、神经营养素－３（ＮＴ－３）、神经营养素－４（ＮＴ－４）、神经营养素－５（ＮＴ－５）的发现;（２）神经生长因子三维结构及功能和进化之关系的阐明;（３）定性了两种神经生长因子受体Ｐ７５＾ＮＧＦＲ和原癌基因ｐ１４０＾ｔｒｋＡ以及相关     

Single-Step Purification and Biological Activity of Human Nerve Growth Factor Produced from Insect Cells

Human nerve growth factor (NGF) was cloned and engineered for expression in a baculovirus-infected Spodoptera frugiperda (SF-9) insect cell system. Culture supernatants contained 2-3 mg/L of recombinant human NGF. The human NGF produced by this system was purified to apparent homogeneity with a single-step affinity chromatography procedure using a high-affinity monoclonal antibody originally raised against murine NGF. The purification procedure yielded 1-2 mg of pure, human NGF per liter of culture supernatant; i.e., approximately 60% recovery of the human NGF originally released into the culture medium. Although the gene transfected into the SF-9 cells coded for pro-NGF, the NGF recovered after purification was greater than 95% fully processed, mature protein. The KD for the affinity of the pure, recombinant human NGF for NGF receptor in PC12 membranes is 0.20 +/- 0.05 nM. Activation of neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells occurs with ED50 values of 85 +/- 20 pM and 9.6 +/- 1.5 pM for a 3-day primary response and a 1-day secondary response, respectively. The pure, recombinant human NGF also stimulates a significant increase in dopamine content of PC12 cells with an ED50 of 5.8 +/- 2.7 pM. These binding and biological activation properties are consistent with values observed using murine NGF purified from submaxillary glands.     

Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Receptor Expression and Function in Nerve Growth Factor-Differentiated PC12 Cells

Abstract: Receptors for insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) were studied on PC12EY cells, a subclone of PC12. Differentiation of PC12EY cells with nerve growth factor (NGF) did not alter either the number of IGF-I receptors nor their affinity for IGF-I. IGF-I receptors remained fully functional during differentiation, promoting increases in thymidine incorporation, glucose uptake, amino acid uptake, and the phosphorylation of the S6 protein of the ribosomes. IGF-I also increased the proportion of differentiated cells found in S-phase. But although the addition of IGF-I to naive cells caused an increase in cell number, there was no comparable increase when IGF-I was added to differentiated cells. Thus, although the receptor for IGF-I continues to be present and functional, IGF-I fails to induce cell proliferation in differentiated PC12 cells.     

重组人巨噬细胞集落刺激因子的结构与功能

重组人粒细胞──巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(rhGM-CSF) 已经在原核、真核细胞表达并得到纯品,为它的结构与功能研究提供了有利条件．目前国内外对于rhGM-CSF的结构与功能研究主要集中在晶体结构、化学修饰、溶液中构象和稳定性以及突变和分子设计方面．分子结构与功能的关系以及与GM-CSF受体作用机理研究也取得了突破性进展．     

Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Is More Highly Conserved in Structure and Function than Nerve Growth Factor During Vertebrate Evolution

Mammalian nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) are members of a protein family with perfectly conserved domains arranged around the cysteine residues thought to stabilize an invariant three-dimensional scaffold in addition to distinct sequence motifs that convey different neuronal functions. To study their structural and functional conservation during evolution, we have compared NGF and BDNF from a lower vertebrate, the teleost fish Xiphophorus, with the mammalian homologues. Genomic clones encoding fish NGF and BDNF were isolated by cross-hybridization using probes from the cloned mammalian factors. Fish NGF and BDNF were expressed by means of recombinant vaccinia viruses, purified, and their neuronal survival specificities for different classes of neurons were found to mirror those of the mammalian factors. The half-maximal survival concentration for chick sensory neurons was 60 pg/ml for both fish and mammalian purified recombinant BDNF. However, the activity of recombinant fish NGF on both chick sensory and sympathetic neurons was 6 ng/ml, 75-fold lower than that of mouse NGF. The different functional conservation of NGF and BDNF is also reflected in their structures. The DNA-deduced amino acid sequences of processed mature fish NGF and BDNF showed, compared to mouse, 63% and 90% identity, respectively, indicating that NGF had reached an optimized structure later than BDNF. The retrograde extrapolation of these data indicates that NGF and BDNF evolved at strikingly different rates from a common ancestral gene about 600 million years ago. By RNA gel blot analysis NGF mRNA was detected during late embryonic development; BDNF was present in adult brain.     

Acute Regulation of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in Response to Nerve Growth Factor

PC12 cells possess specific receptors for both nerve growth factor and epidermal growth factor, and by an unknown mechanism, nerve growth factor is able to attenuate the propagation of a mitogenic response to epidermal growth factor. The differentiation response of PC12 cells to nerve growth factor, therefore, predominates over the proliferative response to epidermal growth factor. We have observed that the addition of nerve growth factor to PC12 cells rapidly produces a decrease in surface 125I-epidermal growth factor binding capacity. Unlike previously described nerve growth factor effects on 125I-epidermal growth factor binding capacity, which required several days of nerve growth factor exposure, the decreases we report occur within minutes of nerve growth factor addition: A 50% decrease in 125I-epidermal growth factor binding capacity is evident at 10 min. This rapid nerve growth factor response is concentration dependent; inhibition of 125I-epidermal growth factor binding is detectable at nerve growth factor levels as low as 0.2 ng/ml and is maximal at approximately 50 ng/ml, consistent with known ranges of biological activity. No demonstrable differences in the rate of epidermal growth factor receptor synthesis or degradation were observed in cells acutely exposed to nerve growth factor. Scatchard analysis revealed that acute nerve growth factor treatment decreased the number of both high- and low-affinity 125I-epidermal growth factor binding sites, while the receptor affinity remained unchanged. We have also investigated the involvement of various potential intracellular mediators of nerve growth factor action and of known intracellular modulatory systems of the epidermal growth factor receptor for their capacity to participate in this nerve growth factor activity.     

利用SEC—HPLC测定鼠神经生长因子的纯度

目的：建立检测鼠神经生长因子（mNGF）纯度的分子排阻高效液相色谱法（SEC-HPLC）。方法：利用TSK G3000 SWXL分析柱和Waters 2695/2487高效液相色谱系统检测mNGF标准品纯度,并对方法的专属性、线性、重复性、中间精密度、检测限及耐用性等指标进行评估。结果：空白溶剂在mNGF积分范围内无特异峰出现;样品浓度与吸收峰之间线性回归系数R2=0.9998;6次进样峰面积相对标准偏差（RSD）为1.18%;中间精密度分析RSD为0.45%;检测限为0.2μg;耐用性实验表明磷酸盐浓度在0.2~0.3 mol/L之间变动对检测结果无影响。结论：各项指标符合规定,SEC-HPLC法可用于检测mNGF的纯度。