Relationship between Hp1S and Hp2 gene frequencies among human populations

In this work, we present new data on the Hp1alpha- and Hp2alpha-chains polymorphism in different populations. We confirm the singularity of the geographical distribution of the Hp2 alleles in our samples. The analysis of the results shows that a significant correlation exists in the population between the Hp1S and Hp2 gene frequencies. An additional Hp1alpha-chain variant is described in a Pyrenean sample.     

人结合珠蛋白cDNA 克隆及其在大肠杆菌中的表达和鉴定

目的：克隆人结合珠蛋白（haptoglobin,Hp）cDNA ,并在大肠杆菌中表达和鉴定。方法：从Hela 细胞中分离总RNA,采用RT-PCR 方法获得人Hp cDNA,分别克隆至原核表达载体pET-32a和PGEX-4T-1,转化至大肠杆菌BL21,IPTG 诱导表达,并进行SDS-PAGE 及Western blot 鉴定。结果: 成功构建了高效原核表达质粒PET-32a-Hp 和PGEX-4T1-Hp;Western 印迹结果表明,经IPTG 诱导,在大肠杆菌中表达了分子量约30 kD和37 kD 的目的蛋白;表达产物经Ni2+-NTA 离子交换树脂纯化, 纯度>90%。结 论：在E.coli成功表达和纯化了人Hp 融合蛋白,为进一步开发人Hp 诊断试剂打下基础。     

人结合珠蛋白cDNA克隆及其在大肠杆菌中的表达和鉴定

目的：克隆人结合珠蛋白（haptoglobin,Hp）cDNA,并在大肠杆菌中表达和鉴定。方法：从Hela细胞中分离总RNA,采用RT-PCR方法获得人Hp cDNA,分别克隆至原核表达载体pET-32a和PGEX-4T-1,转化至大肠杆菌BL21,IPTG诱导表达,并进行SDS—PAGE及Western blot鉴定。结果：成功构建了高效原核表达质粒PET-32a-Hp和PGEX-4T1-Hp;Western印迹结果表明,经IPTG诱导,在大肠杆菌中表达了分子量约30kD和37kD的目的蛋白;表达产物经Ni2^＋-NTA离子交换树脂纯化,纯度〉90％。结论：在E．coli成功表达和纯化了人Hp融合蛋白,为进一步开发人Hp诊断试剂打下基础。     

A Human Skeleton From The Anthony Site, 14Hp1, Harper County,Kansas

Abstract

Measurements, indices and selected non-metric observations are presented for an adult female, the only human skeletal material recovered from the 1959-60 excavation of the Anthony Site, 14HP1. Comparison with other American Indian populations from the same geographic region suggests that the Anthony female is morphologically related to the Caddoan groups.     

Evolution of haptoglobin: comparison of complementary DNA encoding Hp alpha 1S and Hp alpha 2FS.

Haptoglobin is a transport glycoprotein which removes free hemoglobin from the circulation of vertebrates. In human populations haptoglobin is polymorphic due to three alleles, Hp alpha 1F, Hp alpha 1S and Hp alpha 2. The Hp alpha 2 allele is roughly twice the length of the Hp alpha 1 alleles and is the product of a partial gene duplication possibly resulting from an unequal crossover event in a heterozygous genotype Hp alpha 1F/Hp alpha 1S. In the study described here we compare the cDNA encoding Hp alpha 1S to that encoding Hp alpha 2FS . Both have a leader sequence followed by the genotypic alpha chain sequence, a beta sequence and an untranslated sequence in the 3' end. The cDNA encoding Hp alpha 2FS is composed of alpha 1F and alpha 1S domains differing by four nucleotide replacements. Hp alpha 1S cDNA contains the same replacement site mutations found in the alpha 1S domain of Hp alpha 2FS , indicating that this coding region has sustained few, if any, mutations since its incorporation into the Hp alpha 2FS gene.     

Zur Häufigkeit der Serumprotein-Polymorphismen Hp,Gc, Gm,InV und Lp in Griechenland

The authors report the frequencies of Hp-, Gc-, Gm-, InV-, and Lp-phenotypes and alleles in a Greek sample of 218 unrelated adult males and females. The following gene-frequencies were obtained: Hp¹=.2850, Hp²=.7150; Gc¹=.7590, Gc²=.2410; Gm¹=.1555, Gm^1,2=.1015, Gm¹²=.7430. The phenotype InV (1) was found to be 14.6%. Lp (ax)-typing showed 17.0% strong positive individuals, 9.7% weak positive ones, and 73.3% negatives. According to Speiser and Pausch (1965) this may be interpreted as the following phenotypes distribution: Lp (a+x+)=17.0%, Lp(a+x-)=9.7%, and Lp(a-x-)=73.3%. Our data differ somewhat from data obtained by other authors, which seems to indicate heterogeneity in the distribution of at least Hp- and Gm-phenotypes within the Greek population. This is project to further research.     

Serum protein groups (Hp, GC, C3) in patients with gastric carcinoma.

The phenotypes and gene frequencies of 3 serum protein systems (Hp, GC and C3) were studied in 114 consecutive patients from all over Greece with gastric carcinoma. Healthy Greeks studied previously in our Department served as controls. No significant differences were found between patients and controls concerning Hp. Significant differences were found in the GC and C3 systems; GC 2-1 and C3F phenotype as well as C3*F gene frequencies were significantly higher in patients than in controls.     

Hp1404, a New Antimicrobial Peptide from the Scorpion Heterometrus petersii

Antimicrobial peptides have attracted much interest as a novel class of antibiotics against a variety of microbes including antibiotics resistant strains. In this study, a new cationic antimicrobial peptide Hp1404 was identified from the scorpion Heterometrus petersii, which is an amphipathic α-helical peptide and has a specific inhibitory activity against gram-positive bacteria including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Hp1404 can penetrate the membrane of S. aureus at low concentration, and disrupts the cellular membrane directly at super high concentration. S. aureus does not develop drug resistance after multiple treatments with Hp1404 at sub MIC concentration, which is possibly associated with the antibacterial mechanism of the peptide. In addition, Hp1404 has low toxicity to both mammalian cells (HC₅₀  =  226.6 µg/mL and CC₅₀ > 100 µg/mL) and balb-c mice (Non-toxicity at 80 mg/Kg by intraperitoneal injection and LD₅₀  =  89.8 mg/Kg by intravenous injection). Interestingly, Hp1404 can improve the survival rate of the MRSA infected balb-c mice in the peritonitis model. Taken together, Hp1404 may have potential applications as an antibacterial agent.     

Serum protein polymorphisms Hp, Tf, Gc, Gm, Inv and Pt in Bantu speaking South African Negroids

Frequencies for the genetic polymorphisms of the serum proteins Hp, Tf, Gc, Gm, Inv and Pt are presented for 7 ethnically defined Negroid sub-samples (total n = 918--977, depending on genetic marker system) from South Africa. The results are discussed in terms of previous findings and of factors assumed to have an influence on the distribution of the particular genetic markers. The present report on the Pt ("post transferrin" approximately C3) polymorphism represents the first report on the genetic variation of the corresponding beta1A-globulin fraction within African Negroids (PtA = 0.009, PtB = 0.966, PtC = 0.025).     

Studies of association between some genetic systems (ABO, MN, EsD, GLO, C3 and Hp)

Using random population data on the ABO, MN, esterase D (EsD), glyoxalase I, complement (C3) and haptoglobin markers in the population of Madras City associations were studied between these genetic systems. Out of a total of fifteen comparisons one significant association (chi 2 = 11.0; d.f. 4; 0.05 greater than p greater than 0.02) was found between the EsD and C3 phenotypes.     

The association of Hp 1 and sickle cell disease

The distribution of gene frequencies and types for haptoglobin (Hp) were studied in a normal black population and one with sickle cell disease. The statistical analysis of our findings indicated a significant association between sickle cell disease and the Hp 1 type.     

Serum protein polymorphisms in a village community from the Gambia,West Africa (Hp,Tf, and Gc)

Summary Serum samples from 857 inhabitants of the village of Keneba, The Gambia, West Africa, were examined by means of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In 203 cases no haptoglobin could be detected, whilst in the remaining 654 samples the three common haptoglobin phenotypes were found with gene frequencies of 0.651 (Hp¹) and 0.349 (Hp²). The D₁ transferrin variant gene was found with a frequency of 0.025. In the serum Gc system the fast variant Gc-Ab was detected, the gene frequencies being: Gc¹, 0.943; Gc², 0.044; and Gc^Ab, 0.013.     

Serum Gc, Hp and alpha 2HS phenotypes in human T-lymphotropic leukemia virus type I infection

The serum Gc, Hp and alpha 2HS phenotypes were examined in 64 subjects known to have the human T-lymphotropic leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) infection and in 60 uninfected subjects. There were no significant differences in the distributions of Gc, Hp and alpha 2HS phenotype and allele frequencies between any grouping of HTLV-I-infected subjects and the controls. No association between the Gc, Hp and alpha 2HS genotypes and susceptibility to adult T-cell leukemia was found.